• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2018

Managing pain and anxiety in patients has always been an essential part of dentistry. To prevent pain, dentists administer local anaesthesia (LA) via a needle injection. Unfortunately, anxiety and fear that arise prior to and/or during injection remains a barrier for many children and adults from receiving dental treatment. There is a constant search for techniques to alleviate the invasive and painful nature of the needle injection. In recent years, researchers have developed alternative methods which enable dental anaesthesia to be less invasive and more patient-friendly. The aim of this review is to highlight the procedures and devices available which may replace the conventional needle-administered local anaesthesia. The most known alternative methods in providing anaesthesia in dentistry are: topical anaesthesia, electronic dental anaesthesia, jet-injectors, iontophoresis, and computerized control local anaesthesia delivery systems. Even though these procedures are well accepted by patients to date, it is the authors' opinion that the effectiveness practicality of such techniques in general dentistry is not without limitations.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-53
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• 2023

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.353-358
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• 2006

Propofol is widely used for supportive sedation in local and regional anaesthesia in plastic surgical procedure. We studied comparative effect of propofol comparing fontanel and midazolam that was previously used. From April 2003 to July 2005, 118 patients were reviewed whom propofol was used intravenous sedation in various plastic surgical procedures. In some cases, midazolam were used initially then converted to propofol. Patients were questioned for their satisfaction in group of propofol alone and midazoline and propofol combination. Vital sign(Blood pressure, Respiration rate) and $O_2$ saturaion, sedation time, side effect and subjective satisfaction were evaluated. The result reveals that propofol is effective medicine for supplement intravenous sedative medicine for plastic surgeries especially when it was used with combination of midazolam.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2018

This study investigates the effect of a combination of homeopathic medicine and electro- acupuncture in two patients with breast cancer and severe liver disease who could not receive standard anaesthesia therapy due to liver problems. Specifically, measurable and quantifiable parameters were used to evaluate whether an integrated approach-consisting of electro- acupuncture and a homeopathic medicine diluted above Avogadro's limit (that is, above a potency of 12CH) during the pre-surgical, surgical and post-surgical phases -can improve general well-being of a patient undergoing breast cancer surgery. In breast cancer surgery, we employed an integrated approach consisting of induction with hypnotics and muscle relaxants, followed by maintenance with anaesthetic gas, combined with a homeopathic treatment (Arnica montana 15CH and Apis mellifica 15CH) before and after surgery and an electro- acupuncture treatment performed in the pre- and post-surgical phases without any analgesic/pain relieving medications. Both of the patients treated with the integrated approach improved their overall condition without need for other common pain relieving medicines. Additionally, thanks to their rapid awakening, the patients were not relocated to a protected area and the hospitalization was shorter. A multidisciplinary approach incorporating homeopathic medicine and electro-acupuncture can be a solution for patients who need or ask about a different and/or safer alternative to the standard treatment. This approach can offer a safe, much less expensive, non-invasive and viable alternative for such cases. Moreover it can be useful for an opioids free anesthesia.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.357-367
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• 2022

Background: Low-dose dexmedetomidine may be a suitable alternative to opioids for pediatric ambulatory procedures under general anesthesia (GA). However, the recovery profile remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine on the recovery profile of children. Methods: Seventy-two children undergoing ambulatory oral rehabilitation under GA were randomly and equally distributed into two groups (D and F). Group D received an infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.25 ㎍/kg for 4 min for induction, followed by maintenance of 0.4 ㎍/kg/h. Group F received an infusion of fentanyl 1 ㎍/kg over 4 min for induction, followed by maintenance at 1 ㎍/kg/h. The primary outcome was the extubation time. The secondary outcomes were awakening time, end-tidal sevoflurane (ET-Sevo) requirement, change in hemodynamic parameters, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario pain scale (CHEOPS) score, length of PACU stay, and incidence of adverse events. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the recovery profile between the groups: the median time for extubation was 3.65 (3.44-6.2) vs. 6.25 (4.21-7) minutes in groups D vs. F (P=0.001), respectively, while the corresponding awakening times were 19 (18.75-21) and 22.5 (22-24) minutes, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean ET-Sevo was low in group D (1.1 vs. 1.2; P < 0.001). The heart rate was significantly low across all time points in group D, without resulting in bradycardia. The median RASS and CHEOPS scores were also significantly lower in group D. No significant differences were observed in the mean arterial pressure, incidence of adverse events, or length of PACU stay. Conclusion: Low-dose dexmedetomidine was more effective than fentanyl as an opioid substitute at providing a better recovery profile in pediatric ambulatory oral rehabilitation under GA. Dexmedetomidine also significantly reduced sevoflurane consumption without causing adverse events or prolonging hospital stay.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.118.2-118.2
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• 2003

Propofol(2, 6-diisopropylphenol) is rapid, short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent. It is used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia or sedation. The recommended doses are 2-2.5mg/kg given as a titration infusion over about 30min to achieve anaesthesia. Recently, we encountered 4 fatalities related to propofol. One death is a suicide by self-administered of propofol and the others are therapeutic misadventures during surgical care. The propofol level in the blood and tissues were determined by gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectral detection. (omitted)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.385-389
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to assess whether different anesthetic techniques and oxytocin use applied during delivery affect transcutaneous bilirubin levels during the first 24 hours in neonates. Methods: A total of 1,044 neonates delivered by either caesarian section (C/S) or normal vaginal delivery (NVD) were included in the study. They were classified into 5 groups as follows: group 1: born by C/S using general anesthesia, group 2: C/S using spinal anaesthesia, group 3: C/S using general anesthesia after failed spinal block, group 4: by NVD without anesthesia, and group 5: oxytocin-induced vaginal delivery without anesthesia. Transcutaneous total bilirubin levels (TBLs) were measured during the first 24 hours and on the fifth and eighth days of life and the levels in different groups were compared. Results: The TBLs were significantly higher in neonates delivered by C/S using general anesthesia rather than spinal anesthesia (P<0.001), and both groups had higher levels than those born by NVD without anesthesia ($P{\leq}0.001$). However, the group receiving general anesthesia after failed spinal block was found to have the highest bilirubin level. Moreover, TBLs were significantly higher with the use of oxytocin ($P{\leq}0.001$). Conclusions: C/S and general anesthesia adversely affect the bilirubin levels in neonates, and the use of oxytocin during vaginal delivery also increases TBLs in neonates.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 2005

The efficacy of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil as anaesthetics was evaluated in the Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii (Mori, 1935) and oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis (Kim and Kim, 1990) at four different temperatures of $10^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. When complete anaesthesia was acquired less than 3 min and recovery was acquired less than 10 min, the optimal dose range of lidocain hydrochloride at $20^{\circ}C$ was 250${\~}$550 ppm in Korean rose bitterling, and 150${\~}$550 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. In case of Clove oil, the optimal dose range at $20^{\circ}C$ was 40${\~}$200 ppm in Korean rose bitterling and 80${\~}$240 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. Both of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil resulted in a negatively dose-dependent manner for anaesthesia induction time in these two species. Recovery times were more variable in relation to anaesthetic doses, but in general higher anaesthetic doses resulted in similar or longer recovery time. As expected, the lower temperature resulted in longer anaesthesia induction and recovery time. The study demonstrated that lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil can be used as effective anaesthetics in these two species. The results from this study could be useful for aquaculturists industry and other related husbandry practices that require anaesthesia of Korean rose bitterling and oily bitterling.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-104
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• 2003

One of major problem in endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia is intrathoracic tracheal obstruction induced by tumor such as, intrathoracic goiter and malignant lymphoma etc. Small amount of secretion or hemorrhage and mild tracheal edema may cause aggravation of tracheal obstruction during endotracheal intubation. Also, it is too difficult to perform the emergency tracheostomy in middle tracheal obstruction. We tried to perform femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass without endotracheal intubation for induction of general anesthesia in case of middle tracheal obstruction and We reported with review of literature.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.347-360
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• 1994

The general and some pharmacological actions of DWP 301 were investigated in animals and the following results were obtained. In central nervous system, DWP 301 had no effects on the pentobarbital induced anaesthesia, rotarod test, traction test, analgesic action, anticonvulsant action in mice and body temperature in rat. But DWP 301 showed a little decrease of locomotor activity at a dose of 3,000 mg/kg. From these results, DWP 301 was considered to have little pharmacological effect on the central nervous system. Furthermore, DWP 301 had no influences on the normal blood pressure and heart rate. DWP 301 showed no effect on the isolated guinea pig ileum, trachea, right atrium, and nonpregnant rat uterus. But, in the isolated guinea pig vas deference, DWP 301 had showed inhibitory effect on the contractions produced by norepinephrine. DWP 301 showed rise of gastric juice pH and decrease of urine volume. Also, DWP 301 had no effect on the gastrointestinal motility and blood aggregation. From these results, it is concluded that the general pharmacological effect of DWP 301 are similar to or weaker than M and AGA.