• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8319-8324
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• 2014

Although genetic markers identifying women at an increased risk of developing breast cancer exist, the majority of inherited risk factors remain elusive. Mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 gene confer a substantial increase in breast cancer risk, yet routine clinical genetic screening is limited to the coding regions and intronexon boundaries, precluding the identification of mutations in noncoding and untranslated regions. Because 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) polymorphisms disrupting microRNA (miRNA) binding can be functional and can act as genetic markers of cancer risk, we aimed to determine genetic variation in the 3'UTR of BRCA1/BRCA2 in familial and early-onset breast cancer patients with and without mutations in the coding regions of BRCA1/BRCA2 and to identify specific 3'UTR variants that may be risk factors for cancer development. The 3'UTRs of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were screened by heteroduplex analysis and DNA sequencing in 100 patients from 46 BRCA1/2 families, 54 non-BRCA1/2 families, and 47 geographically matched controls. Two polymorphisms were identified. SNPs $c.^*1287C$ >T (rs12516) (BRCA1) and $c.^*105A$ >C (rs15869) (BRCA2) were identified in 27% and 24% of patients, respectively. These 2 variants were also identified in controls with no family history of cancer (23.4% and 23.4%, respectively). In comparison to variations in the 3'UTR region of the BRCA1/2 genes and the BRCA1/2 mutational status in patients, there was a statistically significant relationship between the BRCA1 gene polymorphism $c.^*1287C$ >T (rs12516) and BRCA1 mutations (p=0.035) by Fisher's Exact Test. SNP $c.^*1287C$ >T (rs12516) of the BRCA1 gene may have potential use as a genetic marker of an increased risk of developing breast cancer and likely represents a non-coding sequence variation in BRCA1 that impacts BRCA1 function and leads to increased early-onset and/or familial breast cancer risk in the Turkish population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4449-4454
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• 2014

Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been considered as a risk factor for many cancers. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Methods: We searched the Medicine/Pubmed and Embase databases, studies about the association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer published up to Jan.2014 were included. Finally, a total of 9 studies were used for this a meta-analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of H. pylori infection on pancreatic cancer with respect to control groups were evaluated. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted data. This meta-analysis was conducted using software, state (version 12.0) to investigate heterogeneity among individual studies and to summarize the studies. Using the fixed-effects or random-effects model, depending on the absence or presence of significant heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of each individual study on the pooled ORs by omitting a single study each time. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot, using Egger's and Begg's tests. Results: There was no significant association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk in the summary ORs,(OR=1.06, 95%CI: 0.74-1.37) through the random-effect method, but heterogeneity among studies was significant ($I^2$=58.9%), so we put the studies into two subgraphs (eastern and western). The results about western (OR=1.14 95%CI:0.89, 1.40) showed heterogeneity among the western countries of $I^2$=6.6%, with no significant association between Hp+ and pancreatic cancer, but the eastern countries (OR=0.62, 95%CI:0.49, 0.76), $I^2$=0, suggested that decreasing pancreas-cancer risk in subjects with Hp+ infection. Simultaneously, 7 studies examined CagA+ strains was (OR=0.84 95%CI:0.63, 1.04), $I^2$=36% with the random-effect method, subgraphs indicated that CagA+ could decrease the risk of pancreatic cancer in the eastern subjects (OR=0.66, 95%CI:0.52-0.80), but the association was not statistically significant in the western subjects (OR=0.95, 95%CI:0.73, 1.16). Conclusion: Hp+ and CagA+ infection are associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer in eastern populations but have no significant associations in western countries.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7467-7472
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• 2013

Background: Polymorphisms of genes encoding cytokines could be potential biomarkers to predict risk of gastric cancer (GC). Here, we investigated the association between the IL-6 -6331 (T/C, rs10499563) polymorphism in its promoter region and GC risk. Methods: In this case-control study of 215 GC cases and 518 non-cancer controls, the IL-6 -6331 (T/C, rs10499563) polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Individuals with the TC or CC genotype were associated with a significantly decreased risk of GC (OR=0.710, 95%CI: 0.504-0.999, P=0.049) compared with TT wild-type carriers. Ther C allele was also associated with significantly decreased risk of GC (OR=0.715, 95%CI: 0.536-0.954, P=0.023) compared with the T allele. In the stratification analysis, TC or CC genotypes were associated with significantly decreased GC risk in subgroups of males, people older than 60, and H. pylori-positive cases. However, no significant interaction was observed for TC or CC genotypes with H. pylori infection. On stratification with the Lauren classification, TC or CC genotypes were associated with significantly decreased risk of diffuse-type GC (OR=0.497, 95%CI: 0.266-0.925, P=0.027), also in subgroups of males, people older than 60, and H. pylori-positive cases. Conclusions: The IL-6 -6331 (T/C, rs10499563) polymorphism is associated with genetic susceptibility of GC and may have the potential to predict GC risk.

• 경영과학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2013

In this study we suggested two optimization models to determine conversion weight of convertible bonds. The problem of this study is same as that of Park and Shim [1]. But this study used Value-at-Risk (VaR) for risk measurement instead of CVaR, Conditional-Value-at-Risk. In comparison with conventional Markowitz portfolio models, which use the variance of return, our models used VaR. In 1996, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision recommended VaR for portfolio risk measurement. But there are difficulties in solving optimization models including VaR. Benati and Rizzi [5] proved NP-hardness of general portfolio optimization problems including VaR. We adopted their approach. But we developed efficient algorithms with time complexity O(nlogn) or less for our models. We applied examples of our models to the convertible bond issued by a semiconductor company Hynix.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.223-228
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• 2003

Risk Management does not mean accepting a risk but having a good grasp of, eliminating and controling the exact causes of known hazards. Good safety management plan or system for the safety of any systems need to include the procedures about standing safety goals, related technical information, time schedule, audit programs, etc at least. In this paper the summeries on general risk assessment techniques and the examples of risk assessment system and railway risk management strategies used in UK, Australia and Canada are introduced, and applicable establishment procedures for domestic railway industries are proposed.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.195-202
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• 1993

The benefits of pesticides in improving the food quantity and quality requirements for an increasing world population are significant, and they can be described in agronomic, economic and social terms. The risks are assessed from the hazards which are likely to occur in practice ; the hazards are defined by the toxicity of the pesticide to non-target organisms at various exposure levels. There are ways of reducing the risks (mainly by reducing exposure in practice) and improving the benefits of pesticides ; these are known as risk management and benefit management respectively. The overall risk-benefit assessment is facilitated if each component can be expressed in financial terms, but it must be made nationally or locally on a sound technical basis against the prevailing agronomic, socio-economic and political circumstances. Paraquat is used to illustrate the risk-benefit assessment process in general terms, and the conclusion is that the benefits greatly outweigh the risks. It is important to keep the risks of pesticides in perspective with those associated with other naturally occurring chemicals in our diet and with other everyday aspects of life. In an overall context, the pesticide risk is small.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

We measured the concentrations of air pollutants at several residential sites, roadside sites and industrial sites in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. And the concentration distributions of air pollutants were estimated by atmospheric dispersion model using air emissions data. Based on those results, we calculated environmental risk of air pollutants emitted in Iwate Prefecture. As a result, it was found that the surround of factories with high emissions and highly toxic chemicals and the roadsides were high risk area, benzo(a)pyrene, formaldehyde and ozone exceeded the $10^{-5}$ risk level. Moreover, we tried to use "Loss of life expectancy: LLE" for an index to explain those risk to general public intelligibly. The total LLE of the carcinogenic chemicals was about 8.6 hours. Moreover, LLE of ozone was about 9.2 hours. Ozone has a big influence compared with the carcinogenic chemicals.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2001

Recently construction enterprises involves more occurred with increase of size and complxity of construction works. Risk management is one of the key project management process. Numerous tools are available to support the various phases of the risk management process. We present the results of a study designed to identify the tools that are most widely used and those that are associated with successful project management in general, and in effective project risk management in particular. The study is based on a questionnaire administered to a sample of project managers from construction enterprises. The response data was analyzed in order to find which tools are mon likely to be used in the those organizations that report better project management performance and in those that value the contribution of risk management processes.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2005

The purpose of this study. was to Identification the Risk of construction method to protect and reduce the risk of construction period. The inspection list usually has the difference of importance because this list is not made by Method which is not focused on Method. We tested Risk occurring frequency and it's strength by checking the level of Risk. To solve and compensate the matter which happened by changing the each Method Check List to each General Inspection List, we added the each Method Check List by checking the importance of check list of each process. By doing this, the Check List for finding Risk level of Method was created by using the check list of each Method.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.132-144
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• 2014

Information always comes with security and risk problems. There is the saying that, "The tall tree catches much wind," and the risks from cloud services will absolutely be more varied and more severe. Nowadays, handling these risks is no longer just a technology problem. So far, a good deal of literature that focuses on risk or security management and frameworks in information systems has already been submitted. This paper analyzes the causal risk factors in cloud environments through critical success factors, from a business perspective. We then integrated these critical success factors into a business model for information security by mapping out 10 principles related to cloud risks. Thus, we were able to figure out which aspects should be given more consideration in the actual transactions of cloud services, and were able to make a business-level and general-risk control model for cloud computing.