• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.184-198
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• 2012

The purpose of intra-operative neurological monitoring (INM) is to minimize surgically induced nerve damage, sensory nerves and motor neurons without affecting the operations to proceed during surgery such as evoked potentials (EP), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial doppler (TCD), etc. During the course of checking a patient's condition, surveillance of ambulatory patients is a very different thing to check if the test is done under general anesthesia. INM can be possible or impossible depending on the type of drugs used and their concentrations because the monitoring is performed under anesthesia. Therefore, it is emphasized on the necessity of reviewing anesthesia which influences on INM.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Ginseng root has been used as a tonic remedy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. Modern studies have demonstrated that ginseng root has complex components and multiple pharmacological properties. The effects of ginseng leaf, however, are not well known. Recent studies show that compared to ginseng root, ginseng leaf and stem exhibit a higher content of active compositions such as ginsenosides, polysaccharides, triterpene flavonoids, volatile oil, polyacetylenic alcohols, peptides, amino acids and fatty acids. Ginseng leaf possesses multiple pharmacological effects in the central nervous, cardiovascular, growth and metabolism systems. Additionally, the leaf has anti-fatigue, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-aged effects. In general, ginseng leaf is quite safe, but adverse effects may occur if it is abused or is of poor quality. Thus, attention must be paid to dosages, quality, and standardization of ginseng leaf products.

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.483-485
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• 2018

A 34-year-old man who previously underwent a craniotomy due to oligodendroglioma was admitted with a diagnosis of recurrent brain tumor. An awake craniotomy was planned. Approximately 15 minutes after completing the scalp nerve block, his upper torso suddenly moved and trembled for 10 seconds, suggesting a generalized clonic seizure. He recovered gradually and fully in 55 minutes without any neurological sequelae. The emergency computed tomography scan revealed a localized fluid collection and small intracerebral hemorrhage nearby in the temporoparietal cortex beneath the skull defect. He underwent surgery under general anesthesia at 8 hours after the seizure and was discharged from the hospital after 10 days. This report documents the first case of generalized seizure that was caused by the accidental intracerebral injection of local anesthetics. Although the patient recovered completely, the clinical implications regarding the scalp infiltration technique in a patient with skull defects are discussed.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Purpose: Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) is a common problem after general anesthesia. The aim of this prospective, double-blind randomized study was to compare the effect of Propofol-Remifentanil vs. Sevoflurane inhalational anesthetics on PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Forty patients (ASA physical status 1, 2) scheduled for elective surgery participated in the study. Twenty of them received total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA group) with Propofol-Remifentanil, and the rest were given Sevoflurane inhalational anesthetics (inhalation group). The TIVA group was induced with Propofol 5mcg/ml and Remifentanil 3~4mcg/ml. The anesthesia was maintained with the continuous infusion of Propofol 2~3mcg/ml and Remifentanil 2~3mcg/ml IV. The inhalation group was induced with Pentotal Sodium 5mg/kg and 3~4mcg/kg/hr IV Remifentanil. Maintenance was obtained with 1.5~2.0 vol% Sevoflurane. Results: The subjects in TIVA group reported less PONV than those in Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia group. Conclusion: Propofol-Remifentanil anesthesia (TIVA group) was considered a satisfactory anesthetic technique in reducing PONV in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.88-91
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• 2008

A female patient (14 years-old) with mental retardation was scheduled for ambulatory general anesthesia to treat peri-apical abscess and multiple dental caries. She had got cleft palate plasty at 5 years, but there was no past history of difficulty airway during general anesthesia or airway obstruction. Following induction of anesthesia using an inhalational anesthetic technique, conventional naso-tracheal intubation was tried. However, with conventional intubation technique we could not insert tube. And following several trial of intubation with laryngoscope, she developed an upper airway obstruction. Her lungs could not be ventilated using a facial mask and oxygen saturation was decreased. A #3 laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was inserted immediately, which allowed us to ventilate her lungs and restore the oxygen saturation. And dental treatment was carried out under LMA insertion successfully.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2007

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) characterized by severe hypoglycemia caused by inappropriate over secretion of insulin is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in early infancy. The symptoms of hypoglycemia in neonate and infancy are neonatal sepsis, respiratory difficulty, tachypnea, apnea, cyanosis, and seizure. Especially the recurrent and severe hypoglycemia within $1^{st}$ year of life is responsible for severe and irreversible brain damage. To prevent it aggressive treatment is required. Due to severe and irreversible brain damage these children frequently require anesthesia during imaging procedures such as MRI or during various dental surgical procedures. Because of frequent hypoglycemia and dental phobia in children with neurologic disorder, anesthesiologists should pay attention to patient. We report a successful anesthetic management in a patient with PHHI for dental procedures.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

Purpose: This research was conducted to evaluate, analyze, and determine the limitation of the anesthesia that is used in there covery room in order to provide the foundation for developing the effectiveness of it. Method: There covery records of this study were collected from 41 hospitals in Seoul, Kyung Kii-Do, and Inchon province. The post anesthetic recovery records consisted of the evaluation of type, evaluative items, frequency, time, score and $SaO_2$. These records were collected from September to December of 2005. Results: The most commonly used post anesthetic evaluation tool was Alderete Score, which was used in 73% of hospitals. The second was Aldrete Score with $SaO_2$(17%). Also, 5% of the hospitals used the modified AS form. There were 2.5% of the hospitals applying the adult and child in the evaluation separately. Also, the last 2.5% of the hospitals did not use AS but measured BP, pulse, respiration, temperature, and $SaO_2$ with observing nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, backache, laryngitis, shock, and neurologic assessment. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a post-anesthetic recovery evaluation tool including the application of $SaO_2$, so that the early-diagnosis of hypoxia can be possible. In addition, it is necessary to develop a post- anesthetic recovery evaluating method that can distinguish a difference between adults and children.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-21
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• 2007

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) can be defined as an X-linked recessive leukodystrophy that is caused by a mutation in the proteolipid protein gene on chromosome Xq22. PMD is one of a group of progressive, degenerative disorders of the cerebral white matter known as the leukodystrophies. Due to the progressive nature of the disorders and their devastating effects on the central nervous system, these children frequently require anesthesia during imaging procedures such as MRI or during various surgical procedures. Anesthetic concerns in theses cases include high prevalence of seizure disorders, gastroesophageal reflux with the risk of aspiration, airway complications related to poor pharyngeal muscle control and copious oral secretions, and mental retardation. We report a successful anesthetic management in a patient with PMD for dental procedures.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.309-313
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• 2018

Oronasal fistulae (ONF) could remain after surgery in some patients with cleft palate. ONF ultimately requires intraoral surgery, which may lead to perioperative airway obstruction. Tongue flap surgery is a technique used to repair ONF. During the second surgery for performing tongue flap division, the flap transplanted from the tongue dorsum to the palate of the patient acts as an obstacle to airway management, which poses a great challenge for anesthesiologists. In particular, anesthesiologists may face difficulty in airway evaluation and patient cooperation during general anesthesia for tongue flap division surgery in pediatric patients. The authors report a case of airway management using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope during general anesthesia for tongue flap division surgery in a 6-year-old child.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2004

Anaphylactic reactions to anesthetic drugs could potentially produce life-threatening immune-mediated crisis. Most published reports are associated with neuromuscular blockers and anaphylactic reactions to inhalation anesthetics are rare. A 25-year-old male patient with no significant medical history and no previous abnormal drug reaction was scheduled for orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia. After uneventful anesthetic induction and nasotracheal intubation, generalized urticaria and erythema were detected during the maintenance period with $O_2-N_2O$-enflurane. No severe changes of vital signs and no ventilation problem were accompanied. The operation was cancelled and the cutaneous lesions were faded away during the recovery with 100% $O_2$. The skin-prick and intradermal tests showed that he was hypersensitive to all halogenated inhalation anesthetics including enflurane and not to intravenous anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers. The re-operation was safely carried out under intravenous anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl-vecuronium. We report this case of intraoperative anaphylactic reaction to enflurane with literature review.