• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 1994

Forty nine clinical isolates of S. aureus showing resistance to erythromycin(EM) were selected from 83 strains isolated recently in Korea. Fourteen strains of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics were selected by disc agar diffusion method. Colony hydridization was executed using two MLS inducible resistance genes, ermA and ermC, identified previously from S. aureus as probes. S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 whose genes were not homologous to those probes were finally selected. It was confirmed that the resistance genes of S. aureus 375 and S. aureus 507 had no homology with those probes in southern hybridization test using ermA, ermC and ermAM as probes. It was determined that S. aureus 375 had a plasmid whose size was about 35 kb. To know if the plasmid may have the genes related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics, it was attempted to transform Bacillus subtillis BR151 and S. aureus RN4220 with the plasmid isolated from S. aureus 375. It was shown that the gene related to inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics did not exist in this plasmid. These results indicate that two clinical isolates of S. aureus showing inducible resistance to MLS antibiotics have novel genes that have no homology with MLS resistance genes identified so far. It is assumed that these genes may exist in chromosomal DNA.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.931-935
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• 2012

Cdc25 phosphatases are important regulators of the cell cycle. Their abnormal expression detected in a number of tumors implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. However, the role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinomas remains unknown. To shed light on influence on renal cell carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, Cdc25B expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting in renal cell carcinoma and normal tissues. 65 kDa Cdc25B expression was higher in carcinomas than in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05), positive correlations being noted with clinical stage and histopathologic grade (P<0.05). To additionally investigate the role of Cdc25B alteration in the development of renal cell carcinoma, Cdc25B siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of Cdc25B. Down-regulation resulted in slower growth, more G2/M cells, weaker capacity for migration and invasion, and induction of apoptosis in 769-P transfectants. Reduction of 14-3-3 protein expression appeared related to Cdc25B knockdown. These findings suggest an important role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinoma development and provide a rationale for investigation of Cdc2B-based gene therapy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.793-798
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• 2011

Recently, pluripotency induction or cellular reprogramming by introducing critical transcription factors has been extensively studied, but has been demonstrated only in vitro. Based on reports that Oct4 is critically involved in transforming neural stem cells into pluripotent cells, we used the lentiviral vector to introduce the Oct4 gene into the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mice. We examined whether this manipulation led to cellular or behavioral changes, possibly through processes involving the transformation of NS cells into pluripotent cells. The Oct4 lentivirus-infused group and the green fluorescent protein lentivirus-infused group showed a similar thickness of the DG and a comparable level of synaptophysin expression in the DG. Furthermore, our behavioral analyses did not show any differences between the groups concerning exploratory activity, anxiety, or memory abilities. This first trial for pluripotency induction in vivo, despite negative results, provides implications and information for future studies on in vivo cellular reprogramming.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2005

Salt-tolerant transgenic Panax ginseng plants were produced by introducing the SAL1 geue (3'(2'), 5'-bis-phosphate nucleotidase) that confers tolerance to the salts through Agrobacterium tumefaciens co-cultivation. Cotyledon explants of immature ginseng zygotic embryos cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium lacking growth regulators formed somatic embryos directly with below 10%, but the 74% tranformation rate were observed at the treatment of phytohormone with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin. Somatic embryos were initially cultured on MS medium supplemented with 250 mg/l cefotaxime for 3 weeks and subsequently subcultured five times to a medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin and 250 mg/l cefotaxime. Upon development into the cotyledonary stage, these somatic embryos were transferred to on the medium containing 50 mg/l kanamycin and 10 mg/l gibberellic acid to induce germination and strong selection. Integration of the transgene into the plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. The ginseng transformants with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse when they were planted in soil.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.82-85
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• 2009

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) disturb animal hormonal system even at very low concentrations, and finally give harmful effects to human through the food web. A white rot fungus Phlebia tremellosa isolated in Korea, was reported to have good degrading activity against the endocrine disrupting phthalates. However, this fungus has very low manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity under various culture conditions while laccase and lignin peroxidase activities were high. We have isolated an MnP cDNA from Trametes versicolor which was involved in the degradation of EDCs, and constructed an MnP expression vector to use in the genetic transformation of P. tremellosa in order to get higher MnP producing strains. Many transformants had integrated expression vector in their chromosomal DNAs, and showed increased MnP activity. One of two transformants showed increased degradation of 4 EDCs (70${\sim}$88%) than the wild type (30${\sim}$45% degradation rates), and showed twice better removal of estrogenic activities generated by the EDCs than the wild type.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1491-1499
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• 2010

Rhizosphere microorganisms possessing phytase activity are considered important for rendering phytate-phosphorus (P) available to plants. In the present study, the Citrobacter braakii phytase gene (appA) was overexpressed in rhizobacteria possessing plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, for increasing their potential as bioinoculants. AppA was cloned under the lac promoter in the broadhost-range expression vector pBBR1MCS-2. Transformation of the recombinant construct pCBappA resulted in high constitutive phytase activity in all of the eight rhizobacterial strains belonging to genera Pantoea, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas (two strains), Rhizobium (two strains), and Ensifer that were studied. Transgenic rhizobacterial strains were found to display varying levels of phytase activity, ranging from 10-folds to 538-folds higher than the corresponding control strains. The transgenic derivative of Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, a well-characterized plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, showed the highest expression of phytase (~8 U/mg) activity in crude extracts. Although all transformants showed high phytase activity, rhizobacteria having the ability to secrete organic acid showed significantly higher release of P from Ca-phytate in buffered minimal media. AppA overexpressing rhizobacteria showed increased P content, and dry weight (shoot) or shoot/ root ratio of mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants, to different extents, when grown in semisolid agar (SSA) medium containing Na-phytate or Ca-phytate as the P sources. This is the first report of the overexpression of phytase in rhizobacterial strains and its exploitation for plant growth enhancement.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2015

Curvularia lunata is an important maize foliar fungal pathogen that distributes widely in maize growing area in China, and several key pathogenic factors have been isolated. An yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) library is a very useful platform to further unravel novel pathogenic factors in C. lunata. To construct a high-quality full length-expression cDNA library from the C. lunata for application to pathogenesis-related protein-protein interaction screening, total RNA was extracted. The SMART (Switching Mechanism At 5' end of the RNA Transcript) technique was used for cDNA synthesis. Double-stranded cDNA was ligated into the pGADT7-Rec vector with Herring Testes Carrier DNA using homologous recombination method. The ligation mixture was transformed into competent yeast AH109 cells to construct the primary cDNA library. Eventually, a high qualitative library was successfully established according to an evaluation on quality. The transformation efficiency was about $6.39{\times}10^5$ transformants/$3{\mu}g$ pGADT7-Rec. The titer of the primary cDNA library was $2.5{\times}10^8cfu/mL$. The numbers for the cDNA library was $2.46{\times}10^5$. Randomly picked clones show that the recombination rate was 88.24%. Gel electrophoresis results indicated that the fragments ranged from 0.4 kb to 3.0 kb. Melanin synthesis protein Brn1 (1,3,8-hydroxynaphthalene reductase) was used as a "bait" to test the sufficiency of the Y2H library. As a result, a cDNA clone encoding VelB protein that was known to be involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including control of secondary metabolism containing melanin and toxin production in many filamentous fungi was identified. Further study on the exact role of the VelB gene is underway.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.78-92
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• 2010

The culture phenomenon, which the desire of self expression is noticeable and the diversity of gender identity is widely accepted, simply makes a difference in the lifestyle of one human being rather than the dichotomous classification of male and female. Now, the delicate and aesthetic sensitivity classified as the feminine characteristics is no longer the exclusive property of female and this refers to substituting it as a social gender from the concept of biological sex. This phenomenon has influenced on the male culture and is creating various codes according to the cultural gender extended from the gender as a social role. Also, the transition into the western lifestyle has extended the aesthetic emotion to accommodate new codes from the diversification and globalization of lifestyle. The mansumer power, which does not care too much about the money for the emotionally attached items, has enabled various fashion styles. After analyzing the diversified clothing behavior conducted by these people in connection with the social phenomenon, First, this shows the phenomenon of emotional value pursuit that finds pleasure over the clothing as the item of augmented reality is added to the concept of play, in which the real space referred to as garment and virtual space of playing the rock, paper and scissors game meet together within the augmented reality. Second, the convergence concept has enabled the coordination of new style by obscuring the area of design concept and this refers to the changes in design from the development of new items and transformation into double-style details. Third, the divergence that intensively provides specific use/convenience and specialized value shows a change in the fashion market from the phenomenon that admits various gene rations of culture and specifically, takes differently about the recognition of middle-aged males. Fourth, the variety seeking tendency receives attention as the value of future design together with the phenomenon of discriminative value pursuit. In the male fashion, it is linked to the collaboration with the design area and this tells that the fashion with the narcissistic cross-dressing and motto of neutral gender without being sided to male/female is rising.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2001

In order to transform pokeweed antiviral protein cDNA to tobacco plant, total RNA was extracted from Phytolacca americana. PAP-II cDNA was synthesized from purified total RNA via RT-PCR and subcloned to recombinant vector pBluescript II SK-. 10 deletion mutant PAP-II cDNA fragments which were sequentially deleted from N-terminal by 90bp were synthesized from PAP-II cDNA except leading frame by PCR with primers designed in our laboratory. To select non-cytotoxic clone, pAc55M was constructed with yeast expression vector pAc55 and multicloning site(MCS). Sequentially deleted mutant PAP-II cDNAs were cloned on downstream of gall promoter of pAc55M. 6 non-cytotoxic deletion mutant PAP-II cDNA were selected. Selected cDNAs were cloned into plant expression vector pKGT101BH for transformation of these clones to plant through Agrobacterium tumefacience. After cloning, recombinant pKGT101BH carrying deleted mutant PAP-IIcDNA were transformed to Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC567. Transformed tobacco plants cultured on shooting and rooting media were transfered to green-house. About four weeks later, these plants were infected with physically infection using carborandum with PVY-VN strain. After 4 weeks, plants resistant to virus were selected , and seeds of these plants were gathered. Southern blot hybridization showed deleted fragments by 220bp and 420bp, so resistant ability of these plants is due to mutant PAP-II cDNA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2001

A CAB cDNA vector(pKGCAB), encoding the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), was constructed with the CaMV35S promoter of plant expression vector. The chimeric vector was transformed into tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC 82) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 strain, and the transgenic tobacco plant CAB-TP2 was selected. Photosynthetic rates of the CAB-TP2 plant at before-flowering stage were increased about 20% under low irradiance conditions of quantum 100 and 500 $\mu$mol.m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ , however, the rates were similar to those of NC 82 under quantum 1000 and 2000 $\mu$mol.m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ conditions. The plants were germinating under low- or normal irradiance condition and the quantum yield of photosystem III were measured. The differences of the Fv/Em values between conditions were 0.07 and 0.01 in NC 82 and CAB-TP2, respectively. The mature leaves in the position 8-10 of the CAB-TP2 at before-flowering stage revealed l0% higher Fv/Fm values in range of 0.759 to 0.781 and 40% more chlorophyll contents of 70-93mg/$m\ell$ than those of normal NC 82. These data suggest the possibility that the increase in photosynthetic activity of leaves under low light intensity in the canopy of CAB-TP2 transgenic tobacco might lead to increase the quality of lower tobacco leaves.