• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the factors that affect the views on marriage of male and female students. Of the students recruited, 172 were male, and 185 were female. Data were collected using questionnaires about views on marriage, children, gender roles, and gender attitudes and were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 23.0 program. Data were collected from May 1, 2019 to June 15, 2019. The significant predictors of views on marriage were views on children(F=29.530, p<.001), gender roles(F=9.850, p<.001) and gender attitudes(F=7.038 p=.009), explaining 33.4% of the variance in male, were views on children(F=48.767, p<.001), gender attitudes(F=32.204, p<.001) and gender roles(F=18.904, p<.001), explaining 43.8% of the variance in female. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs to improve views on students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-27
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• 2008

This study examined the illustrations in the elementary school textbooks which was followed by identifying the parts that displayed gender-discriminating elements or traditional gender roles. The research results are as follows: 1) The ratio of man and woman in the figures appearing in those illustrations was 1.33:1, which means there were more men than women in the illustrations and that there was no balance in the gender distribution among the figures. 2) Male figures were presented as the protagonists in 39.7% of the illustrations, female figures in 25.5%, and both male and female figures in 34.8%. The results indicate that there were much more illustrations in which men were the protagonists than those in which women were. 3) The occupations of the adults in the illustrations were analyzed. As a result, the ratio of man and woman with a job was about 2:1, which implies that there were twice as many male professionals than female ones. Men had over 60 kinds of occupations and women had only 45 kinds of occupations with 59.5% of them concentrated in four jobs including teaching, farming and fishing, doing artistic works, and selling things. 4) The case analysis results of the illustrations in the textbooks demonstrate that the traditional gender roles of a father and mother were followed and that there were gender stereotypes in describing the characteristics of man and woman. Gender dichotomy was observed in the vocations. Men were the leading players in economic, political, and cultural activities, and most of the historical figures were men. Meanwhile, women were depicted as the subjects of economic activities and completely isolated and alienated from political, historical, and cultural activities. It turned out that the figures of the illustrations in the current elementary school textbooks had gender discriminating elements and profoundly reflected the stereotypes for gender roles.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.33-55
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• 2022

Objective: The aims of this study is to investigate the internal and external environment surrounding fathers and to promote play-participation with children and father-Infants Intimacy by identifying the influence of a father's belief concerning gender-equal parental role and the mother's roles as a gatekeeper. Methods: The participants of this study were 291 fathers who had infants ranging from 1-36 months of age and were living in Seoul and South Chungcheong Province. The data were collected through the questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS 24.0. Results: The main results are as follows. First, gender roles, livelihood keeper-father beliefs, importance of father rearing, and the mother's role as a doorkeeper affect the father's participation in play. This differs according to the characteristics of each type of play. Second, it was found that the father's gender roles and the mother's role as a doorkeeper had a significant effect on the intimacy between the father and the infant. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study revealed that fathers' belief in gender-equal parenting and mothers' encouragement through opening the door as gatekeepers affect the formation of intimacy between fathers and their children in infancy, and are factors that influence play participation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.738-746
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were 1) to find out any significant relationships among genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, and attitudes toward unisex clothing, 2) to investi- gate differences in genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, and attitudes toward unisex clothing between female and male college students, 3) to understand the structual dimension of genderlogy. The theory of this study was Bem's androgyny sex role theory which suggested an individual's masculine and feminine sex role lied on separate lines rather than on a linear line. The research design was an ex post facto survey and the subjects were 222 female college students and 179 male students in Taejeon, Chungnam and Chungbuk province. Using the SPSS program, factor analysis, 1-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and plot were calculated for statistical analysis. The findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1) The 1.test showed significant differences in genderloy, gender identity of clothing, attitudes toward unisex clothing between female and male college students. 2) There were significant relationship among genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, attitudes toward unisex clothing. 3) The moi or dimensions of genderlogy were found to be traditional sex role and equal sex roles. There were only moderate negative relationship between traditional and equal sex roles and these two dimensions affected differently on the gender identity of clothing, as well as the attitudes toward unisex clothing, therefore traditional sex roles and equal sex roles seemed to lie on separate lines, and the androgyny sex role theory was supported.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.127-139
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• 2004

This study focused on the gender differences in the impact of a premarital educational program as an elective course at a university. Six hundred university students who were enrolled in the course "Family and Marriage" at a university in Pusan were surveyed for this study The students completed the survey questionnaire about attitudes toward marriage, family, love, spouse, sexuality and gender-roles, before and after the course. The data were analyzed by correlation, 1-test, two-Way ANOVA. The results showed, first of all, there was no significant impact of the education on the students′ attitudes on marriage and family, when gender was not introduced as a factor. However, looking closely, there was an interaction between gender and the attitudes in the impact of the education. As a result, the gender gap in terms of the attitudes toward marriage and the family that existed before the course was reduced after the course. Also, there were gender differences in the attitudes toward love, spouse, sexuality, and gender-roles before and after the course, and there were significant impacts of the course for both genders, albeit in different directions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.29-45
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• 2003

I compared role gratification and role strain of American and East Asian married women graduate students taking multiple roles of study, assistant work in the school, family care, and household management, etc. The American students experienced more strain overall than their East Asian counterparts. Perceived gratification and strain were strongly related to time demands for the American group and to economic conditions for East Asian group. The more nontraditional the gender-role altitudes of the East Asian students, the less strain they experienced. More than half of the East Asian students perceived that their own gender roles, but not those of their husbands had changed since they came to the United States. Perceived gender-role change of the husband was strongly related to role strain for the East Asian students.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.366-382
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• 2023

Among the many novels penned by Thomas Hardy, the novel "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" came into print in 1891.In this novel, Hardy portrays Tess who was born and raised in a rural middle-class family but ends up working as a laborer, trapped in a society where she is subjugated by the men's wealth, leading a life marked by loneliness and isolation. The novel presents the status of women, moral struggles, and the challenging fate that they must overcome. It highlights the powerlessness of women living in a structurally unreasonable social environment, forced to depend on the ever-changing twists of destiny. This story delves into the complexities of love between the genders, moral conflicts, and the societal criticism that must be confronted. By utilizing the life of the young woman Tess, it underscores the struggle for existence and elucidates the roles, expectations, and constraints imposed on gender during the Victorian era. This research paper aims to compare the roles of women in the Victorian era in Britain and woman in contemporary Korean society. The Victorian era featured rigid gender norms, confining women to prescribed roles. In contrast, modern Korean society blends tradition and modernity, empowering women to play vital roles and reshape societal norms. Our research explores the interplay of tradition and change, providing a comprehensive understanding of women's evolving roles in both historical and contemporary contexts. We will present our discussions regarding the enduring roles that women have faced in both periods. Furthermore, we aim to highlight the distinctive roles women are called upon to play while dealing with the swift transformations in contemporary Korean society, recognizing them as essential agents in the agents in advancing Korean society.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2021

Background: This study was conducted to identify the level of gender sensitivity and gender equality consciousness among dental hygiene students and to confirm the necessity of gender equality programs in the curriculum. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was conducted with some dental hygiene students using the Gender Sensitivity tool and Korean Gender Egalitarianism Scale for Adolescents (KGES-A). Results: First, the gender equality consciousness of the students who took women's studies was high in the areas of educational life and socio-cultural life, and that of the subjects of grandparent families and Catholic was found to be high in the domestic life area. Second, the gender sensitivity of the subjects who took women's studies was found to be high in all sub-areas. In addition, the gender sensitivity of females was higher in the areas of sexual identity, non-violence, and self-reflection than that of males. That of 4-year college students was higher in the areas of sexual identity, openness to gender roles, and non-violence than that of 3-year college students. In addition, the gender sensitivity of Catholic students was high in the areas of sexual identity and openness to gender roles. Third, gender equality consciousness was found to have an effect depending on whether subjects took women's studies, family type, family type, and religion, and gender sensitivity was found to have an effect depending on whether subjects took women's studies or gender. Conclusion: Since dental hygienist is a profession that targets humans, education that can instill equal awareness and values of humans is important. To inspire gender sensitivity and gender equality consciousness in a prospective professional, it is necessary to conduct programs and education related to gender intelligence within dental hygiene curriculum.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2014

This study explores the factors influencing employees' use of family-friendly programs. Although recent years have witnessed an increasing number of family-friendly programs offered in the workplace, many studies have reported a lack of their actual use. This study considers various socio-demographic and workplace characteristics such as attitudes toward gender roles, and the perceptions of the work environment to better understand the reason behind this insufficient use. For this, data from the 2nd National Korean Family Survey in 2010 were employed. The results based on a total of 408 employees with diverse occupations indicate that among the four family-friendly programs evaluated(flexible working hours, child care, dependant care, and employee wellbeing), child care programs were most frequently provided by employers. In addition, the factors influencing employee participation in family-friendly programs were associated mainly with workplace characteristics or attitudes toward gender roles. The work environment including the employee's perceptions of how comfortable it is to accept assistance from family-friendly programs was also a key factor. Personal characteristics such as age and attitudes toward gender roles except for family needs had significant effects on employee participation in family-friendly programs. Future research should examine the effects of various environmental factors on employees' responses to family-friendly programs and investigate additional factors that can further enhance the effectiveness of such programs.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.191-205
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• 2008

This study explored gender differences in social status, acceptance/rejection, perceived popularity, social emotions, avoidance and anxiety by participant roles in bullying situations. Subjects were 215 6th grade children. Instruments were the Participant Roles (Sutton & Smith, 1999), Peer Nomination (Coie & Dodge, 1983 Cillessen & Mayeux, 2004), Social Avoidance and Social Anxiety (Franke & Hymel, 1984) scales. Results showed that more boys than girls were in pro-bullying participant role groups; more girls than boys were in outsider groups. Boy pro-bullies were high in social rejection. Boy defenders were high in popularity and low in social avoidance. Boy outsiders had high social anxiety. Girl victims had low social status, low social acceptance and lowest perceived popularity; they were high in social avoidance and social rejection.