• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's conceptions about gender and the relation between gender conceptions and preference for gender related tasks. 130 children were interviewed about gender and gender related tasks. Data were analyzed with the component model of gender schema. Results indicated that children's gender schema in the attitudes domain was significantly different with age in all components but not different with sex. The gender schema in the knowledge domain was significantly different with age in within component and between component links, and with sex in the gender label-component and within component links. The difference between the gender inhibitory score and gender facilitative score was significantly different with age, sex, and children's gender schema. The findings that gender schema influenced the children's preferences for gender related tasks suggests a theoretical rationale of gender schema theory.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.91-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trends in children's gender-role flexibility across different areas of gender-role concept(appearance, activities, occupations, personality trails). Participants included 74 children(1st, 3rd, 5th graders). They were interviewed on a series of 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Analyses revealed that (a) flexibility reached its peak at around age 8, which then remained the same except in appearance, (b) girls showed higher flexibility than boys except in occupations, (c) children showed the lowest flexibility in appearance and the highest in occupations, (d) children showed the lowest flexibility toward a male target child with cross-gender characteristic, and (e) children's justifications for flexibility were varied according to the situations. The results suggest that children's gender-role flexibility is influenced by age, sex, areas of gender-role concept, and target persons.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.412-420
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify difference in gender stereotype between female nursing students and humanities students. Methods: A descriptive comparative study was done. The subjects were 300 nursing students and 114 humanities students who were selected by convenient sampling. Data were collected from September 2008 to October 2008 using a constructive questionnaire with 30 questions, which was prepared for this study by modifying the instrument about gender stereotype developed by Kim. The data were analyzed through ANCOVA, factor analysis and Chronbach's.using the SPSS program. Results: 1) Of the six subcategories of gender stereotype, five were higher in the nursing students than in the humanities students, but occupational gender stereotype was not. 2) Age affected total, familiar, social, external, and intellectual gender stereotype. 3) Self-satisfaction and major satisfaction affected social gender stereotype. 4) In the analysis of difference in gender stereotype with controlling age, self-satisfaction and major satisfaction, the nursing students showed statistically significant higher scores in intellectual stereotype than the humanities students. Conclusion: Because female nursing students tended to show high gender stereotype, nursing educators need to develop programs for helping nursing students escape from gender stereotypes and increase their self-satisfaction.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.590-613
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• 2020

As a part of advanced technology society, South Korean youth have been accessing the Internet at a very high pace. The Internet overuse could yield addiction where may be a serious psychological disorder of this century. The literature remarks that gender could make a significant difference on internet addiction. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of gender variable on internet addiction for a sample of South Korean university students (n = 815; 312 females and 503 males). The instrument had two sections; the demographics and twenty Internet Addiction survey items based on a five level scale; "Rarely, Occasionally, Frequently, Often and Always". The results showed that general tendency among the participants appeared between "Occasionally" and "Frequently" for internet addiction. In order to test five derived study hypotheses, the researchers conducted comparative statistical tests. The t-tests revealed that gender made statistically significant differences on nineteen items where males were higher than females showing that males significantly spend more time on the Internet than females. Additionally, t-tests results showed that seventeen of the survey items showed statistically significant differences with respect to types of technology dominant environment. The researchers created two dummy variables to combine gender and technology dominant environment variables and gender and school year variables, to have a better understanding the gender effect with one-way ANOVA. The gender difference still exists following its merge to technology dominant environment showing that the gender surpasses IT related environment. When school year combines to gender, males show higher scores for certain items, especially for freshman year.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were to enhance the gender equality in rural area through develop Gender Equality Consciousness Improvement Education Program for rural couples. For these purposes, procedures conducted and results were as follows; 1) This study was conducted through the literature review and research data for gender equality of people in rural area. Based on the review and research data, It was developed gender equality consciousness improvement education program and evaluated sex-role complex through structured questionnaires. 2) This program was consisted of 4 sessions, namely, understanding on the concept and necessarity of gender equality, understanding on the man and woman, gender equality consciousness evaluation, and establishing on the equal man and woman role in rural community. Using program materials for educators, this program will be used effectively by professional worker in rural community.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between gender-role stereotypes, sexual assault awareness and permissible limits in the college students. Methods: With a structured survey, a sample of 756 college students who agreed to participate in the study completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The result showed that gender-role stereotypes differed significantly depending on gender and age, while awareness of sexual assault differed significantly depending on gender, age, and location of residence. The permissible limits in sexual assault differed significantly according to gender, relationship with parents, and location of residence. There were significant relationships among awareness of sexual assault, gender-role stereotypes, and permissible limits of sexual assault. Conclusion: The result will provide preliminary data and strategies to develop sexual assault prevention programs.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the gender equality career education program on vocational gender egalitarianism and career identity of middle school students. The subjects of this study were 72 middle school students in Busan. They were divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, with 36 students each. Korea Gender Egalitarianism Scale for Adolescents and Career Identity Scale of My Vocational Situation(MVS) were used to measure vocational gender egalitarianism and career identity. Collected data were analyzed using t-test. Results of analysis showed that the experimental group showed higher vocational gender egalitarianism and higher career identity than the control group. The implications of this study for career guidance were discussed and recommendations for future research were made.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.82-100
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper attempts to compare five free trade agreements with gender chapters ratified by Chile and Canada and derives lessons for Korea in terms of gender-aware trade policy. While Chile and Canada have three and two FTAs with gender chapter respectively, Korea has none so far, although it has already ratified an FTA with the two countries. Design/methodology - This study first investigates all the gender-provisions with the gender chapters, conducts a comparative analysis on the five chapters as well as a case study of one target FTA's implementation and achievements, and finally suggests policy implications for Korea's trade administration as well as trade-related agencies. Findings - According to the analysis, there are three phases in terms of advancement in gender-related trade policy. As Chile is in phase two and Canada is in phase three, Korea remains in phase one. It has a ministry related to gender within the government, but not within the OMT. It has statistics on female business, but not of women traders. It has a few gender-related provisions in its FTAs, but not a gender chapter. In this sense, new mandates related to gender-aware trade policy for OMT, KITA, and KOTRA should be provided to realize the concrete economic benefits resulting from empowering women traders and policies promoting them. Originality/value - Existing studies only focus on introducing gender-related international commitments and Korea's participation in them. This paper is the first attempt to compare actual gender chapters of five FTAs ratified by two countries with the most advanced gender chapters in the world. To gain benefits from the positive gender impact of trade agreements, negotiating and signing gender responsive FTA with future partners is one of the most efficient, as well as inclusive, trade policies urgently needed for Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.111-126
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand the gender-neutral phenomenon, to grasp the flow of design, and to seek the future direction of modern fashion design. As for the scope and method of the study, this study was performed based on relevant literature. In terms of visual data, website photos were collected from the collection of S/S in 2016 to F/W in 2020. To assess the properties of the gender-neutral, analysis was implemented on the results after arranging the factors for gender neutrality and the characteristics suggested in the related papers. The fashion-related expert group analyzed the properties of the gender-neutral style from 1,031 pictures, where the gender-neutral style of fashion design collections was applied. As a result of the analysis, the characteristics of the gender-neutral were analyzed and divided into the extended body-positive performance style, the mashup style- respecting the conflicting culture, the street style of coexisting genders, and the fluid style of changing directions. In this study, the attributes were derived as acceptability, playfulness, and sustainability. Accordingly, it is expected that this study will play a fundamental role in the creative fashion design development and unfolding of the fashion industry and fashion designers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

This study investigated the differences between mothers and children in their gender-role attitudes and their perceptions on gender-role socialization. The data was collected from 167 6th graders and their mothers in Seoul. Boy's gender-role attitude was found significantly different from that of mothers while girl's gender-role attitude was more consistent with that of mothers than boys. In their perceptions on gender-role socialization, mothers reported that they emphasized both feminine and masculine behavior for their children. However, children reported that their mother emphasized feminine behavior for girls and masculine behavior for boys.