• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1883-1889
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• 2013

Although Fe-Si based alloy has lower figure of merit than Si-Ge alloy applied for space probe, its low cost related to abundant raw material, rather simple processing, high temperature resistance and reliability up to $800^{\circ}C$ made it one of the most promising middle temperature thermoelectric generation materials. The effect of particle size and additive on the thermoelectric properties of p-$FeSi_2$ prepared by a RF inductive furnace was investigated. The electrical conductivity increased slightly with decreasing particle size and hence better grain-to-grain connectivity due to the increase of density. The Seebeck coefficient exhibited the maximum value at about 600~800K and decreased slightly with increasing particle size. This must be due to the amount of residual metallic phase ${\varepsilon}$-FeSi. $Fe_2O_3$ and/or $Fe_3O_4$-doped specimens showed the higher electrical conductivity and the lower Seebeck coefficient due to increase of the metallic phase and Si-vacancy. On the other hand, $SiO_2$-doped specimen showed the higher electrical conductivity and the higher Seebeck coefficients.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

Single-dose toxicity test of germanium-fortified lettuce was investigated in mice. Both sexes of C57BL/6 mice were orally administered once at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg. No death, clinical signs and pathological findings related to the treatment were observed. In addition, no significant changes in feed consumption and body weight gain were obtained during the treatment period, in spite of day-to-day fluctuation of water consumption. There were no considerable changes in hematology and serum biochemistry, except a significant decrease in GPT, GOT and LDH. Several alterations were observed in organ weight and blood biochemistry, including thymus, ovaries, heart, kidney and platelet in male or female mice. The ability of spleen cells proliferation was almost same level as shown in control group. However the population of B cells, helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells was not comparably changed in all groups. Taken together, it is suggested that single oral dose of germanium-fortified lettuce to C57BU6 mice did not cause apparent toxicological change at the dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2001

Ambient ge-phase $H_2O$$_2$(Hydrogen Peroxide) concentrations were measured at four sites in downtown Seoul Korea. These measurements were mad during winter and summer, February 14~19 and 12~17, 1997. $H_2O$$_2$concentrations were quantified by fluorescence using enzyms. $H_2O$$_2$ concentrations in winter were below the limit of detection and was much higher concentrations in summer. The mean of all observations was 264 ppt and the range measured was 23ppt~1856ppt. The results from the correlation analysis showed that the concentration of gasous $H_2O$$_2$is dependent on the other air pollutants(O$_3$, NO$_2$) and meteorological parameter(solar radiation).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2005

$LiMO_{2}(M=Co,Ni)$ samples were synthesized with $Li_{2}CO_{3},\;Co_{3}O_{4}$, and NiO by the solid-state reaction method. In the case of $LiCoO_{2}$, at low temperature$(T=400^{\circ}C)$ spinel structure was synthesized and the obtained spinel phase was transformed to layered phase at high temperature$(T\ge600^{\circ}C)$. The phase transition behaviors of $LiCoO_{2}$ were investigated with various heating temperature and time. The rate of transition was directly proportional to the concentrations of reactant, and activation energy of reaction was around 6.76 kcal/mol. When CoO(rock salt structure) was used as a starting material instead of $Co_{3}O_{4}$(spinel structure), layered structure of $LiCoO_{2}$ was obtained at low temperature. In the case of $LiNiO_{2}$ the transition from layered structure to rock salt structure occurred easily by disordering/ordering reaction, but did not occur in $LiCoO_{2}$. The difference in metal ion radii in $LiCoO_{2}$ and $LiNiO_{2}$ results in different behaviors of phase transitions.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.1040-1044
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• 1995

Magnetic garnet films of (YSmLuCa)$_3$(FeGe)$\_$5/O$\_$12/ have been grown by the liquid phase eqitaxy method on the substrate of non-magnetic garnet Gd$_3$Ga$\_$5/O$\_$12/. The variation of Sm ion concentration were varied 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, mole/formula unit respectively. The magnetic properties of the samples for the bubble magnetic materials, such as, line width ΔH of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), magnetic saturation induction 4$\pi$Ms, wall mobility u$\_$w/ uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy Ku, were measured and discussed the relations between these properties. The line width ΔH decreases with increasing 4$\pi$Ms, and with decreasing Sm concentration. The anisotropy energy Ku increases not only with increasing Sm ion concentration, but also increasing 4$\pi$Ms. The value of wall mobility u$\_$w/ increase with increasing 4$\pi$Ms and decreases with increasing Sm concentration. We define a physical constant Eι from the fact that the product of 4$\pi$Ms and ΔH is constant with dimension of energy density. The Eι is dependent only on Sm concentration.density. The Eι is dependent only on Sm concentration.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.90-95
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• 2015

The adsorption behavior of tris (dimethylamino)-cyclopentadienyl-zirconium (Cp-Zr) precursor using an in-situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) was studied. In attempt to improve the detection intensity of an adsorbed precursor, nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the Ge ATR crystal surface employing the spray method. The absorption characteristics studies were carried out over the Ge crystal temperature in the range of $30{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. Upon increasing the temperature, a reduction of absorption was observed. Based on the peak intensities of ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy, higher-$ZrO_2$ absorption efficiency occurs when the nano-particles are utilized compared to pure Ge crystal.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

최근 LCD(liquid crystal display)분야에서 고해상도와 빠른 응답속도를 가지는 다결정 실리콘 박막트랜지스터에 대한 연구를 하고 있다. 그러나, poly-Si은 poly-Sil-xGex에 비해 intrinsic carrier mobility가 낮고 고온의 결정화 공정을 필요로 한다. 따라서, Poly-Si을 대체할 재료로 poly-SiGe에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전계에 의해 결정화가 가속되고 한쪽 방향으로 결정화를 제어하여 채널내 전자나 정공의 이동도를 향상시 킬 수 있는 새로운 결정화 방법인 전계 유도 방향성 결정화법을 이용하여 Ge 함량에 따른 a-Sil-xGex(0$\leq$x$\leq$0.5)의 결정화 특성을 연구하였다. 대기압 화학 기상 증착법으로 5000$\AA$의 산화막(SiO$_2$)이 증착된 유리 기판상에 플라즈마 화학 기상 증착법을 이용하여 800$\AA$의 비정질 실리콘을 증착한 후 RF magnetron sputtering법을 이용하여 Ge 함량에 따른 Sil-xGex 박막을 1000$\AA$ 증착하였다. Photolithograph방법을 이용하여 금속이 선택적으로 증착될 수 있는 특정 Pattern을 가진 mask를 형성한 후 금속을 DC magnetron sputtering법을 이용하여 상온에서 50$\AA$.을 증착하였다. 이후 시편에 전계를 인가하기 위해 시편의 양단에 전극을 형성한 후 DC Power Supply를 통해 전압을 제어하는 방식으로 전계를 인가하였다. 결정화 속도는 광학현미경을 이용하여 분석하였으며 결정화된 영역의 결정화 정도는 micro-Raman spectroscopy로 분석하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.707-712
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• 2005

PRAM (Phase change random access memory) is one of the most promising candidates for next generation Non-volatile Memories. The Phase change materials have been researched in the field of optical data storage media. Among the phase change materials. $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ is very well known for its high optical contrast in the state of amorphous and crystalline. However the characteristics required in solid state memory are quite different from optical ones. In this study. the structural Properties of GeSbTe thin films with composition were investigated for PRAM. The 100-nm thick $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ and $Sb_2Te_3$ films were deposited on $SiO_2/Si$ substrates by RF sputtering system. In order to characterize the crystal structure and morphology of these films. x-ray diffraction (XRD). atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and 4-point measurement analysis were performed. XRD and DSC analysis result of GST thin films indicated that the crystallization of $Se_2Sb_2Te_5$ films start at about $180^{\circ}C$ and $Sb_2Te_3$ films Start at about $125^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2003

디지털 영상 검출기와 디스플레이 기술의 발달과 의료영상전달시스템(PACS)의 출현은 전통적 필름방식에 비하여 디지털 방식으로 방사선과 영상을 획득하고 전송, 저장하는 매우 효과적인 수단을 제공하고 있다. 2002년 8월, 연세의료원 세브란스병원은 진단 영상 판독 목적으로 18 대의 CRT(Braco View, Belgium)와 32대의 평판 LCD(Totoku Electric Co., Ltd., Japan) 디스플레이 장치를 GE full-PACS(GE 메디칼시스템코리아 : GEMSK)와 연계하여 설치 완료하였다. 본 연구에서, 기하학적 왜곡, 반사, 휘도 반응, 휘도 균일도, 분해능, 노이즈,베일링 글레어, 칼라 균일도 항목들을 AAPM TG18 보고서 9.0에 따라서 시각적 그리고 부분적으로는 정량적인 방법으로 인수검사를 실시하여 보고한다. 사용된 장비는 색도계로도 사용되는 간편한 휘도계, TG18 테스트 패던, AAPM Tg18 AT plug-in software(Barco View Ltd., Kortrijk, Belgium)이었다. 칼라 균일도를 제외한 모든 테스트 결과는 AAPM TG18에서 권고하는 기준에 일치하였으며 진단 영상 판독에 사용하기에 전적으로 수락할 수 있는 성능이었다. 결론으로, 사용된 인수검사는 단지 인수 검사 표준을 제공하는 것 뿐만 아니라 품질검사(QC)의 지침, 판독 환경의 최적화 그리고 교체 시기나 업그레이드 시기를 결정하여주는 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.795-799
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• 2007

The bulk properties of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)-poly(ethylene glycol), PBLG-PEO, diblock copolymer were investigated. The helical transition from 7/2 to 13/5 for pure PBLG was at 120 oC while those of GE-1 and GE-2, which contain flexible PEO block 40 wt% and 60 wt% respectively, were shown at 135℃ on DSC experiments. FT-IR and XRD experiments were shown that the diblock copolymers maintained their α-helical structure in the temperature range between 25℃ and 175℃. Increasing relative size of coil part resulted in the increase of intermolecular packing distances. Due to well-maintained helical structure, lyotropic LC phases were observed for the PBLG-PEO block copolymer by the polarized optical microscope (POM). Especially, GE-3 copolymer, which has 12.5 wt% PEO contents, showed the smectic C phase. The competition of favorable aggregation energy between rod-rod and coil-coil, and unfavorable aggregation energy of rod-coil give rise to change the supramolecular structure in mixed solvent.