• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.784-789
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• 2006

목 적 : HSP는 피부, 관절, 위장관, 신장을 포함한 전신의 소혈관을 침범하는 혈관염이다. HSP의 위장관 증상은 때로 다량의 위장관 출혈, 장천공, 장중첩 등의 위중한 형태로 나타날 수 있는데, 이 중 일부 환자는 corticosteroid 치료에도 불구하고 증상이 호전되지 않는 경우가 있다. 저자들은 심한 위장관 증세를 보이면서 스테로이드에 반응하지 않는 HSP 환아에서 IVIG 치료의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1999년 4월부터 2005년 1월까지 심각한 위장관 증상으로 입원한 22명의 HSP 환아들의 의무기록을 조사하였다. 이들 모두에서 처음엔 methylprednisolone(2 mg/kg)을 정맥 투여하였으며, 스테로이드 치료에 반응이 없는 환아들을 대상으로 하여 IVIG(2 g/kg)을 투여하였다. 결 과 : 대량의 위장관 출혈과 복통 등이 동반된 심한 위장관 증상을 나타낸 22명의 환아(연령 : 2.3-15세, 성별 M : F=12 : 10)중에 12명이 스테로이드 치료에도 불구하고 증상이 호전되지 않아 고용량 IVIG 치료를 받았다. IVIG 투여 전, methylprednisolone 정맥주사의 평균 투여기간은 $5.6{\pm}4.9$일이었으며 12명 중 11명에서 IVIG 투여 후 1시간에서 5일 사이에 위장관 증상이 호전되었다. 나머지 1명은 IVIG 투여 후에도 복통이 있었으나, 혈변은 소실되었다. IVIG을 투여받은 환아들과 corticosteroid만을 투여받은 환아들간에 입원기간의 차이는 없었다($12.8{\pm}7.6$일 vs. $13.2{\pm}7.8$일, P=0.777). 복통이 지속되었던 총기간은 IVIG 투여군이 짧았으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다($8.8{\pm}8.1$일 vs. $14.8{\pm}16.9$일, P=0.306). Methylprednisolone 정맥주사만을 단독으로 치료받은 10명 중 2명(20%)은 장천공으로 수술을 받았으나, IVIG 투여군 12명에서는 장천공이 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 결 론 : 심한 위장관 침범이 있는 HSP 환아의 복부증상이 기존의 스테로이드 치료에도 불구하고 호전되지 않을 때에는 고용량 정맥 면역글로불린 투여를 고려해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

목적: 방사선치료와 항암제치료의 급성부작용은 환자 개인에 따라 차이가 많다는 것은 임상경험을 통하여 널리 알려져 있다. 그러나 아직 이를 미리 예측할 수 있는 인자로 알려진 것은 없다. XRCC1 유전자는 DNA base-excision repair에 관여하는 유전자로 알려져 있다 저자들은 대장 직장암 환자를 대상으로 방사선치료와 항암제치료로 인한 급성부작용과 XRCC1 유전자의 다형성이 관련이 있는지를 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하게 되었다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 7월부터 2003년 6월까지 인하대학교병원에서 치료를 받은 대장 직장암 환자 85명을 대상으로 하였다. 대장암이 2명, 5자결장암이 13명, 직장암이 71명이었다 병기는 B기가 22명, C기가 50명, D기가 8명이었고 절제 불가능한 경우가 6명이었다 방사선치료 범위는 골반강만 조사된 경우가 81명, extended field로 조사된 경우가 5명이었고 방사선량은 일일 1.8 Gy로 주 5회 조사하여 총 $30.6 Gy{\sim}59.4 Gy$ (중앙값: 54 Gy)를 조사하였다. 항암제치료는 전 환자에서 5FU를 근간으로 한 약제를 투여받았고 방사선 치료기간 중에 시행된 횟수는 1회가 24명, 2회가 45명이었고 17명은 동시에 투여 받지는 않았다. 치료의 급성부작용은 상부위장관과 하부위장관으로 나누어 기록하였고 증상이 전혀 없는 경우를 0, 증상이 있으나 투약이 필요하지 않은 경우를 1, 투약이 필요한 경우를 2, 투약에도 불구하고 증상이 심하여 치료의 휴식 또는 입원을 한 경우를 3으로 분류하였고 전 치료기간 중 최초, 최저 수치와 방사선치료기간 중 최초, 최저 백혈구, 혈소판 수치를 조사하였다. 환자의 동의 하에 혈액을 채취하여 림프구를 분리한 후 DNA를 추출하여 PCR-RFLP 방법으로 XRCC1 유전자의 코돈 194, 280, 399번 위치의 다형성을 분석하였다. 통계는 Chi-square, t-test, logistic regression, ANOVA를 사용하였다. 결과: 다변량 분석결과 상부위장관 부작용에 영향을 미치는 인자는 재발유무였고, 하부위장관의 부작용에 영향을 미치는 인자는 XRCC1 339 다형성, 방사선량, 방사선 중 항암제횟수 순이었다. 방사선 치료 중 백혈구 감소에 영향을 미치는 인자는 XRCC1 399 다형성, 194 다형성이었고, 혈소판 감소에 영향을 미치는 인자는 진단명, XRCC1 399 다형성이었다. 결론: 대장 직장암 환자에서 방사선치료와 항암제의 치료에 따른 정상조직의 급성부작용을 예측하는데 XRCC1 유전자의 코돈 399번의 다형성이 사용될 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2015

This study was investigated the effects on the radical scavenging activities and hepatic lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by the 70% ethanolic extract from Rubus coreanus. The Rubus coreanus extract (RCE) was administered through the gastrointestinal tract at 150 mg/kg BW/day for 5 weeks (HFD+RCE). Total phenol content was 157.93 mg gallic acid/g in the RCE. Scavenging activities to DPPH, ABTS, an d hydroxyl radicals by RCE significantly increased in a does-dependent manner of $50{\sim}500{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were over the 70% in the $500{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. During the five weeks study, the food efficiency ratio was no significant differences between the HFD and HFD+RCE. Liver weight of HFD+RCE (3.75 g/100 g BW) was significantly decreased compared to those of the HFD. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of HFD+RCE were significantly lower compared to those of the HFD. The hepatic TBARS contents in the HFD+RCE was significantly decreased to the HFD, radical scavenging activity was markedly increased in HFD+RCE as normal group. In histological observation of liver tissues, the hepatocytes of HFD+RCE appeared the reduced aspects on the size and numbers of lipid droplets in cytoplasm compared to the HFD. Our results suggest that RCE could have antioxidant activities and hepatic hypolipidemic effects by its phenolic compounds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.574-581
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• 2008

Two experiments, involving a total of 100 crossbred pigs (Hampshire$\times$Landrace$\times$Duroc) aged 5 weeks, were used to evaluate the effect of Roselle (Hibicus sabdariffa Linn.) calyx as an antioxidant and acidifier on growth performance. Experiment 1: growth performance response of pigs fed basal corn-soy diet was compared with that of pigs consuming diets that contained 4, 8 and 12% Roselle in powder form, 4 g/kg acidifier (Fra$^{(R)}$Acid Dry) or 100 mg/kg antibiotic (Aurofac$^{(R)}$). All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Twenty-four castrated male and twelve female pigs were randomly allocated into 6 treatments which comprised 3 replicates (2 male and 1 female) of 2 pigs each. The results demonstrated no beneficial weight gain and feed intake response among treatments at 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age (p>0.05). However, feed-to-gain ratios (FCR) of Roselle-fed groups were significantly different from the basal-diet group at 7 weeks of age (p<0.05). Pigs fed with 8% Roselle had the lowest FCR. Therefore, 8% was set as an appropriate level of Roselle in feed. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine antioxidant and acidifier properties. Pigs were fed similar diets to Experiment 1 except that Roselle was fed to only one treatment at the level of 8%. Sixty-four piglets, 32 castrated male and female each were randomly allocated into 4 treatments which comprised 4 replicates (2 male and 2 female) of 4 pigs each. Body weight was measured. At 7 and 9 weeks of age, four pigs from each treatment were randomly selected. The pH in their gastrointestinal tract, pepsin activity in stomach mucosa, trypsin activity in the pancreas and protein and fat digestibility in the ileum were measured to investigate acidifier properties. For antioxidant properties, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione concentration in plasma and liver were used as parameters. The results showed no significant difference in weight gain, pH or pepsin activity among all treatments at both ages (p>0.05). Nevertheless, trypsin activity and fat digestibility of the Roselle-fed group were higher than the basal-diet group at 7 weeks of age (p<0.05). Glutathione in plasma was significantly different between antibiotic-fed and basal-diet groups (p<0.05). Significant differences were found only in some parameters and between the basal-diet group and the other groups. Therefore, it cannot be precisely concluded that Roselle in powder form has clear acidifier and antioxidant properties in postweaning pigs. Further studies should be undertaken to clearly confirm both properties.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 농어촌지역 직장인의 음주에 대한 인식, 음주행태, 문제음주 정도, 음주로 인한 질병발생, 연간 술값지출액을 파악하고자 하는데 있다. 2010년 6월 12일부터 8월 25일까지 강원도 일개 농어촌 지역에 거주하는 20세 이상의 남녀 직장인 530명을 대상으로 회수된 설문지 512부 중에서 부실하게 응답한 12명의 자료를 제외한 500명의 자료를 최종 분석대상으로 하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS 10.0을 사용하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성은 성별, 연령, 결혼 상태, 교육정도, 직업, 종교, 월수입을 묻는 문항을 포함하였다. 참여한 대상자의 음주에 대한 인식은 긍정적 인식의 평균은 2.93, 부정적 인식의 평균은 3.18로 나타났다. 대상자의 문제음주 정도 및 특성은 전체 대상자 중 CAGE를 통해 선별된 알코올의존자(4개 문항 중 2개 이상이 그렇다고 응답하면 알코올 의존으로 규정)의 비율이 96명(25.1%)이었고, AUDIT를 통해 선별된 문제성 음주자(8점 이상)의 비율은 241명(64.8%)으로 나타났다. 대상자의 음주로 인한 질병은 위장관계통 질환이 31.3.%로 가장 많았다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 농어촌지역 직장인의 음주문제에 관한 구체적인 해결방안으로는 음주문화에 대한 인식개선과 산업체 중심의 절주사업이 필요하며, 농어촌 직장인 중 문제음주자 및 알코올 의존자의 조기발견 및 관리를 위한 알코올중독 예방 교육 및 진단 치료에 관한 교육프로그램 개발이 요구된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2017

The ability of nematodes to manipulate the immune system of their host towards a Th2 and T regulatory responses has been proposed to suppress the inflammatory response. Clinical trials have proposed a useful effect of helminth infections on improvement of inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata infection to induce intestinal tolerance in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were infected through the cagemates with self-infected BALB/c mice. Four weeks post-infection, expression levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-17, and IL-10 were assessed in the supernatant of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) culture. $Foxp3^+Treg$ were measured in MLN cells by flow cytometry. In the S. obvelata-infected group, the percentage of Tregs ($5.2{\pm}0.4$) was significantly higher than the control ($3.6{\pm}0.5$) (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 ($55.3{\pm}2.2$ vs $35.2{\pm}3.2$), IL-17 ($52.9{\pm}3.8$ vs $41{\pm}1.8$), $IFN-{\gamma}$ ($44.8{\pm}4.8$ vs $22.3{\pm}2.3$) and $TNF-{\alpha}$ ($71.1{\pm}5.8$ vs $60.1{\pm}3.3$) were significantly increased in infected mice compared to the control group (P<0.05). The above results showed the potential effects of S. obvelata to induce intestinal tolerance. Therefore, it seems that S. obvelata may increase the immunological suppressive function in the intestinal tract.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.227-243
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• 1997

The experimental study used in this paper was done to examine the clinical effects of Taeumchowetang for the gastric ulcer and the function of gastrointestinal tract using rats and mice which were administered orally the water extraction from Taeumchowetang. Then, the counter-action of the water extraction on the isolated ileum and gastric fundus, the inhibitory effects of pylorus-ligated ulcer and indomethacin-induced ulcer, the associations with gastric juice secretion, total acidity, pepsin output, the transportability in the small and large intestine, were studied with administering acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride. In addition, it was investigated whether the central nervous system related to pain control and sleeping time was influenced by Taeumchowetang. The following results have been obtained; 1. As resulting from injection of acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride into the isolated ileum of rats and mice, Taeumchowetang led to have an inhibitory effect on the muscle contraction of the ileum. Then, acetylcholine chloride was measured as lower effect than barium chloride 2. For the inhibitory effect on contraction for the gastric fundus strip in rats by either acetylcholine chloride or barium chloride, the one showed low inhibitory effect, on the other hand the other showed density-dependent effect. 3. The water extraction was given on the pylorus ligated ulcer with using two different administration groups of 1,300mg/kg and 2,600mg/kg, each result was measured as 22.9% and 36.5% for an ulcerous inhibitory effect (p<0.05). 4. According to the two administration groups, the preventive effect was tabulated 18.1% and 29.3% for indomethacin-induced ulcer (p<0.05, P<0.01). 5. For associations with gastric juice secretion, total acidity, pepsin output in the administration group 2,600mg/kg, Taeumchowetang was recognized as having an inhibitory effects related to suppressive actions involving gastric juice secretion(p<0.05), and free acidity(p<0.01), but there was no significant association with total acidity and pepsin output. 6. To know the transportability in the intestine, BaSO4 solution was used. The transportability of the small intestine in the administration group 2,600mg/kg was 22.2% which was statistically significant compared with the large intestine's transportability(P<0.01). 7. In the administration group 1,300mg/kg and 2,600mg/kg, analgesic effect with against acetic acid was measured as being 16.8% and 24.4% which was shown as statistically siginificant(p<0.01). 8. No statistically significant association between Taeumchowetang and sleeping time was found in both 1,300mg/kg and 2,600mg/kg by administering phenobarbital-Na. According to the results of this study, Taeumchowetang has agreed with the effects of literature review. Further more in this study, Taeumchowetang also has preventive effects on pylorus-ligated ulcer. Hence, Teaumchowetang can be significant effect such as both anti ulcer agent and increasing gastric activity for the patients who suffer from gastric ulcer.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1973

It has been reported previously that 2,2-methylene bis(3,4,6-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid) (MTPA) is effective treating for clonorchiasis and less toxic to the hosts. In this studies the absorption, distribution and excretion of MTPA were observed. For this purpose $^{14}C-MTPA$ was synthesised from bis(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenoxyl) methan $^{14}C$ and administerd to the normal rabbit in a single dose of 10mg/kg IV or 20 mg/kg P.O. or to the Clonorchis infected rabbit in dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 6 days. Radioactivity in blood, tissue, bile, urine, feces and tissue of the fluke was measured after the drug was given. The concentration of MTPA in these samples were calcurated from the radioactivity. The result obtained as followes. 1. The increase in concentration of MTPA in blood and urine after oral administration of MTPA was so slow that the absorption of MTPA from the gastrointestinal tract appears very slow. 2. It is presumed that the excretion of MTPA also is slow because the reduction of MTPA concentration in blood after IV injection was very slow. 3. Large amount of MTPA was excreted from the bile. 4. During repeat dose of 20mg/kg/day for 6 days the concentration of MTPA in blood and tissue gradually increased. 5. The highest concentration of MTPA in the kidney and liver, heart, lung, spleen and muscle in decreasing order and the lowest concentration in the brain was noted. 6. During daily dose of 20 mg/kg of MTPA for 6 days of administration the concentration of MTPA gradually increased in urine and feces and the concentration of MTPA in feces was higher than of in urine. It appeares that MTPA take place enterophepatic circulation. 7. It is assumed that accumulation in large amount of MTPA in the liver and tissue of clonorchis, excretion of large amount from the bile is a favorable property of MTPA as a chemotherapeutic agent for clonorchiasis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2017

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the stability of commercial coated lipase (CT-LIP) in vitro. Methods: The capsules were tested under different conditions with a range of temperature, pH, dry heat treatment and steaming treatment, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) in this work, respectively. Free lipase (uncoated lipase, UC-LIP) was the control group. Lipase relative activities measured in various treatments were used as a reference frame to characterize the stability. Results: The lipase activities were decreased with increasing temperatures (p<0.05), and there was a markedly decline (p<0.01) in lipase comparative activities of UC-LIP at $80^{\circ}C$ compared with CT-LIP group. Higher relative activities of lipase were observed in CT-LIP group compared with the free one under acidic ambient (pH 3 to 7) and an alkaline medium (pH 8 to 12). Residual lipase activities of CT-LIP group were increased (p<0.05) by 5.67% and 35.60% in dry heat and hydrothermal treatments, respectively. The lipase relative activity profile of CT-LIP was raised at first and dropped subsequently (p<0.05) compared with constantly reduced tendency of UC-LIP exposed to both SGF and SIF. Conclusion: The results suggest that the CT-LIP possesses relatively higher stability in comparison with the UC-LIP in vitro. The CT-LIP could retain the potential property to provide sustained release of lipase and thus improved its bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2011

목적: 최근 신생아 집중 치료실(neonatal intensive care unit, NICU)에 입원한 신생아들의 병원내 감염 중 그람 음성 간균(Gram negative bacilli, GNB)에 의한 패혈증이 증가하고 있다. NICU에서 정기적인 대변의 감시 배양을 통해 GNB에 의한 장관 집락화가 같은 균에 의한 패혈증으로 이행되는 지를 확인하고, 집락화된 GNB 병원균의 종류를 확인하며 집락화에 관여하는 위험인자를 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 10월부터 2008년 5월까지 고신대학교 복음병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원한 86명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환아에게 총 3회의 대변 채집을 계획하였는데, 출생 후 첫 대변과 2주 간격으로 2회 채집을 계획하였다. 장관의 GNB 집락화와 관련된 위험 인자들은 대상 환아들의 의무기록을 열람하거나 연관된 논문의 고찰을 통해 설정하였다. 결과: 86명의 환아 중 22명(25.6%)이 GNB에 의한 장관 집락화가 있었으나 이 환아들을 퇴원까지 추적하였을 때 GNB로 인한 패혈증은 없었다. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobcter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii가 가장 많이 분리되었다. 분리된 GNB 중 약 89% (32/36)는 amikacin에 감수성이 있었다. GNB 에 의한 장관 집락화의 가능성은 집락화 당시 수유량이 적을 때 증가한 반면, 첫 수유 시기가 지연될 때 그 가능성은 감소하였다. 결론: 저자들은 NICU에 입원한 신생아에서 장관 감시배양을 통해 장관에 집락화된 GNB를 확인하였으나 연구에 포함된 환아에서 GNB에 의한 패혈증이 발생하지 않았으므로 집락화가 패혈증으로 이행되는 지를 확인할 수는 없었다. 집락화시 적은 수유량(feeding volume at colonization day)이 집락화의 위험요인이었으므로 장관 영양의 진행이 원활하지 않을 경우 장관의 GNB 집락화 가능성을 고려해야 한다.