• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

Purpose: Dichlorvos has been in widespread use as an organophosphate (OP) insecticide compound. The purpose of this study was to access the epidemiology and clinical features of dichlorvos in Korea. Methods: This was a 38 multi-center prospective study of dichlorvos poisoning using surveys, a structural reporting system and review of hospital records from August 2005 to July 2006. A total of 54 patients with acute dichlorvos poisoning on a national basis were enrolled. We analyzed the epidemiologic characteristics and clinical manifestations of dichlorvos poisoning. In addition, the clinical features of dichlorvos poisoning were compared with others OP compounds. Results: During the study period, compounds involving pure OP poisoning were dichlorvos (22.7%), methidathion (8.4%), and phosphamidon (6.7%). In acute dichlorvos poisoning, all ingestion routes were oral. Intentional poisoning involved 74.1% of cases. The common initial complaints involved gastrointestinal (64.8%), systemic (61.1%), central or peripheral nervous system (53.7%), and respiratory symptoms (50.0%). The median arrival time to hospital after dichlorvos poisoning was 2.6 hours and mean hospitalization duration was 7.1 days. 2-PAM was administered in 35 patients in mean doses of 6.3 g/day intravenously. Atropine was administered in 30 patients with a mean dose of 62.8 mg/day (maximal 240 mg/day). Overall mortality rate for dichlorvos poisonings were 14.8% (8/54). Immediate causes for death included sudden cardiac arrest or ventricular dysrhythmias (50%), multi-organ failure (25%), acute renal failure (12.5%), and unknown causes (12.5%). Conclusion: When compared to previous reports, dichlorvos poisoning displayed relatively moderate severity. The presence of a lower GCS score, altered mental status, serious dysrhythmias, systemic shock, acute renal failure, and respiratory complications upon presentation were associated with a more serious and fatal poisoning.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.417-424
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychobiological traits of each Sasang typology based on the Sasang Digestive function Inventory (SDFI) which measures the Sasang type-specific pathophysiological digestive symptom. The SDFI, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and NEO-Personality Inventory (NEOPI) were measured with 199 College students. The correlation coefficient was measured with Pearson correlation among SDFI, TCI, and NEOPI. The influence of TCI, sex and age on SDFI and its subscales were analyzed with regression analysis. We also compared the psychobiological features between high and low SDFI score groups to elucidate its psychobiological profiles. There was significant correlation between SDFI and TCI Harm-Avoidance (r=-0.192, p<0.001). The SDFI subscales were showed to have significant correlations with subscales of NEOPI and TCI. The regression model with TCI can explain 8-16% of type-specific pathophysiological digestive symptoms. The low SDFI score group ($39{\pm}9.3$) has significantly (p=0.007) higher than the high SDFI group ($33.6{\pm}12.2$) in TCI Harm-Avoidance which is considered important for the gastrointestinal dysfunction and So-Eum type differentiation. We found that the TCI may explain the mechanism underneath the Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptom. It was suggested that the TCI Reward-Dependence would be useful for the study on Tae-Eum Sasang type, and its clinical meanings were discussed in the pathophysiological perspectives.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1984

Two cases of natural human infection by Heterophyopsis continua (Heterophyidae) were identified by collection of adult worms in 1983 in Korea. And in order to know the source of infection a study on fish intermediate hosts was performed along the southwestern coastal areas. The cases were 21 and 50 year old males residing in southern coastal areas. They had the clinical complaints of non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain and one of them also complained the discharge of tapeworm segments. Praziquantel in single dose of 10~15mg/kg was given followed by purgation with magnesium salt and 2 and 46 specimens of H. continua were collected from the diarrheal stools. They said to have eaten raw ilesh of several kinds of brackish water fishes. The results of fish examination for metacercarial infection were as follows: I. Seventeen (663.0%) out of 27 perches (Lateolabrax japonicus) and 10 (29.4%) out of 34 gobies (Acantkogobius flavimanus) harboured the metacercariae but none of 42 mullets (Mugil cepkalus) were found to harbour them. 2. The average metacercarial density in perches was 55.1 and 18.7 per fish respectively. And the majority of the metacercariae were collected from the muscle of body portions in these fishes. 3. After the metaeercariae were experimentally fed to two rats and one young dog. two adult worms were recovered from the dog while none from the rats. These worms were also identified as H. continua. From the results it was concluded that the brackish water flshes which the human cases said to have eaten were the source of infection.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.221-235
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• 1998

This study is a descriptive survey to explore the health lifestyle of adults. The study subjects are teachers of elementary. middle and high school. and staffs of research institutes located in Chungchung Province and Daejon city. The data was collected from Jan. to march 1997 through self reporte for structured questionnaire. Fantastic check list of Wilson and Ciliska for Health Lifestyle Assessment and DSM-III-R for somatic symptom were used as tools. Data was analysed by frequency, $X^2_test$, t-test and Anova using SAS program. The results are as follows: 1. There were statistically significant differences In drinking(t=7.75, P=.000), exercise(t=-2.99, P=.003)and interpersonal relationship(t=2.22, P=.027) among 10 health lifestyle between smoking group and non-smoking group, in drinking(t=17.98, P=.000), exercise(-4.71. P=.000), and job satisfaction(t=2.22, P=.027) between drinking group and non-drinking group, and in eating habit(t=-2.00, P=.045), drinking (t=4.47, P=000), exercise (t= -16.49, P=000), keeping traffic law(t= -2.68, P=.007), personality (t= -2.05, P=.040) and anxiety/depression(t=-3.47, P=.000) between exercise group and non-exercise group. 2. There was statistically significant difference in cardiovascular symptom(F=4.22, P=.0l) among somatic symptoms of subjects according to exercise level. 3. There was statistically significance difference in lifestyle according to smoking level(F=, 3.33, P=.011), drinking level(F=9.17, P=.0001) and exercise level(F=11.93, P=.000l), and in somatic symptom according to sex(t=-3.93, P=.0001), weight(F=3.83, P=.022), exercise level (F=3.29, P=.03) among general characteristics. 4. There was statistically significant difference between sex in general (t= -3.64, P=.0001), gastrointestinal(t=-2.21, P=.02), musculoskeletal(t=-3.92, P=.001), and total symptom (t= -3.92, P=.0001). 5. There was statistically very highly signigicant difference In weight according to smoking($x^2=25.18,\; P=.001)$ and exercise$(x^2=16.46,\; P=001)$. 6. There was statistically significant difference in frequency between smoking group, drinking group and exercise group$(x^2=24.52,\;P=.001)$. Among a number of habit, smoking, drinking and exercise are important factors of human health to prevent related disease morbidity and death. It is essential for industrial health nurse to committ in this subject considering the influence of those factors and lifestyle on health. There is also a relationship of weight with smoking and exercise, the frequency of overweight/obesiy in smoking/ no-exercise group were high. It is quite necessary for the people having cardiovascular symptom to exercise to lower morbidity and mortality. The industrial health nurse has to keep In mind on this point and consider of time and facilities of fitness of employee. It needs to explore the cause by further research on somatic symptom of women. This research shows that concerning the relationship between smoking, drinking, and exercise, health care provider must take not only management of disease, but health behaviors and lifestyle into consideration.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.211-217
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• 2015

Purpose: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection is a major cause of respiratory infection in school-aged children. Extrapulmonary manifestations of MP infection are common, but liver involvement has been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of MP-associated hepatitis. Methods: This prospective study included 1,044 pediatric patients with MP infection diagnosed serologically with MP IgM at one medical center from January 2006 to December 2012. Eighty of these patients had elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), each greater than 50 IU/L, without any other specific liver disorder and were compared with the 964 children without liver disorders. Results: In total, 7.7% of patients with MP infection had a diagnosis of hepatitis, especially in fall and winter. The ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1, and the mean age of the patients was 5 years and 5 months. The most common symptoms were cough, fever, and sputum. Anorexia was the most common gastrointestinal symptom, followed by nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Mean levels of AST and ALT were 100.65 IU/L and 118.73 IU/L, respectively. Serum AST/ALT level was normalized within 7.5 days on average without complications. The mean duration of hospitalization (11.3 days) was longer for children with hepatitis than for those without hepatitis (P=0.034). Conclusion: MP-associated hepatitis is not uncommon and has a relatively good prognosis. Therefore, clinicians should be concerned about liver involvement in MP infection but avoid further unnecessary evaluation of hepatitis associated with MP.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.86-93
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical spectrum of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation (SOT) in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 18 patients with PTLD who underwent liver (LT) or kidney transplantation (KT) between January 1995 and December 2014 in Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Results: Eighteen patients (3.9% of pediatric SOTs; LT:KT, 11:7; male to female, 9:9) were diagnosed as having PTLD over the last 2 decades (4.8% for LT and 2.9% for KT). PTLD usually presented with fever or gastrointestinal symptoms in a median period of 7 months after SOT. Eight cases had malignant lesions, and all the patients except one had evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) involvement, assessed by using in situ hybridization of tumor tissue or EBV viral load quantitation of blood. Remission was achieved in all patients with reduction of immunosuppression and/or rituximab therapy or chemotherapy, although 1 patient had allograft kidney loss and another died from complications of chemotherapy. The first case of PTLD was encountered after the introduction of tacrolimus for pediatric SOT in 2003. The recent increase in PTLD incidence in KT coincided with modification of clinical practice since 2012 to increase the tacrolimus trough level. Conclusion: While the outcome was favorable in that all patients achieved complete remission, some patients still had allograft loss or mortality. To prevent PTLD and improve its outcome, monitoring for EBV infection is essential, which would lead to appropriate modification of immunosuppression and enhanced surveillance for PTLD.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

Purpose: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) has various clinical manifestations, and diagnosis or selectection of proper diagnostic tools is not easy. This study was conducted in order to assess the clinical differences of MD diagnosed by scintigraphic and non-scintigraphic methods and to find the proper diagnostic tools. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review ofthe clinical, surgical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of 34 children with symptomatic MD, who were admitted to Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Inha University Hospital, and The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital between January 2000 and December 2012. The patients were evaluated according to scintigraphic (12 cases; group 1) and non-scintigraphic (22 cases; group 2) diagnosis. Results: The male to female ratio was 7.5: 1. The most frequent chief complaint was lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in group 1 and nonspecific abdominal pain in group 2, respectively. The most frequent pre-operative diagnosis was MD in both groups. Red blood cell (RBC) index was significantly lower in group 1. MD was located at 7 cm to 85 cm from the ileocecal valve. Four patients in group 1 had ectopic gastric tissues causing lower GI bleeding. The most frequent treatment modality was diverticulectomy in group 1 and ileal resection in group 2, respectively. Conclusion: To diagnose MD might be delayed unless proper diagnostic tools are considered. It is important to understand indications of scintigraphic and non-scintigraphic methods according to clinical and hematologic features of MD. Scintigraphy would be weighed in patients with anemia as well as GI symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 1967

In order to confirm whether acquired immunity or resistance can be developed by the repeated hookworm infections, the 150 mature actively moving filariform ancylostoma duodenale larvae obtained from the severe hookworm anemia patients were orally given to 8 healthy volunteers in three divided doses, 50 in each, at 5 day interval. Also the hematological changes as well as several ferrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$ were done and were compared with 10 controls. The clinical symptoms and signs were checked every day for the first 3 weeks and then twice weekly until the end of the experiment. The appearance of the ova in the stool was examined by the formalin ether method and the ova was counted by the Stoll's method. The following laboratory tests were done: 1) Red blood cell count, venous blood hematocrit(micromethod), hemoglobin count (cyanomethemoglobin method) were checked every 5 to 7 day interval. 2) Plasma iron concentration (Barkan's modified method) was determined every 2 to 3 week interval. 3) Radioisotope studies: a) Ferrokinetics: Huff et al and Bothwell's method were applied. Erythropoietic Index (% of normal)=$\frac{Subject's\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood{\times}100}{Average\;normal\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood}$ of the gastrointestinal absorption of iron: Radioiron($^{59}Fe$) balance b) Quantitative measurement method was applied. c) Determination of the plasma erythropoietin activity: Fried's method was applied. Following were the results: 1) The serum iron level was lower. The red cell volume was decreased, but with relative increase of plasma volume. 2) The plasma iron disappearance time was accelerated and the plasma iron turnover rate was decreased. The red cell iron turnover rate was markedly increased, while all of the red cell iron concentration, circulating red cell iron. plasma iron pool were decreased. The daily iron pool turnover and red cell renewal rate were increased. 3) The erythropoietic index, erythropoietin activity and intestinal absorption of iron($^{59}Fe$) were markedly increased. 4) The infectivity was $9.8{\pm}1.31%$ which was lower than that observed in the single infection. 5) From these observations, it is concluded that the hookworm anemia is essentially iron deficieny in its origin and some immunity acquisition is possible with repeated infections.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the influence of giant embryo feeding on hypoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats were fed four kinds of experimental diets such as corn starch diet as a control, polished rice diet, brown rice diet and giant embeyonic rice diet for 6 weeks. The body weight gain diabetic of control was signaficantly suppressed compared to that of the normal. The supplementation of giant embryo increased the surivival rate. Feeding of giant embryo appeared to have ameliorating effects on diabetic symptoms including features such as polyphasia, polyuria. Giant embryo shortened gastrointestinal transit time and increased total fecal weight, total fecal dry weight and fecal water content compared with diabetic control. Giant embryo showed fasting blood glucose lowering effect compared with diabetic control. The disaccharidase activities in proximal part of intestine such as maltase sucrase and lactase in giant embryo feeding groups were lower than diabetic control. The results of this study show that giant embryo supplementation may have a beneficial Veffect on the hypoglycemia may be useful in the diet therapy for diabetic.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.124-129
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of oral sildenafil therapy in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 32 neonates ${\geq}$35 weeks' gestation and fraction of inspired oxygen ($FiO_2$) 1.0 with PPHN. The first dose (0.5 mg/kg) of oral sildenafil was started and 1 mg/kg was given every 6 hour thereafter. Mean airway pressure (MAP), $FiO_2$, oxygenation index (OI), mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) were documented before and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after sildenafil. For adverse effects, gastrointestinal symptoms, brain ultrasound, funduscopy and auditory brainstem response results were evaluated. Results: The underlying diseases of PPHN (n=32) were meconium aspiration syndrome (n=9), respiratory distress syndrome (n=8), pneumonia (n=3), and idiopathic (n=12). Thirty-one neonates survived; 3 neonates were transferred for inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and all of them survived. In 28 infants, $FiO_2$ and OI improved significantly by 6 hours and MAP improved significantly by 48 hours after initiation of sildenafil. There were no clinically significant adverse effects of sildenafil. Conclusion: Sildenafil may be an effective and safe agent for near-term and term neonates with PPHN, providing significant improvement in oxygenation, and thus may be especially useful in the treatment of PPHN in hospitals without iNO.