• Title/Summary/Keyword: Gastrointestinal Tract

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Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders (기능성 위장관 질환에서 핵의학 검사의 역할)

  • Choe, Jae-Gol
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2001
  • Current scintigraphic tests of gastrointestinal motor function provides relevant pathophysiologic information, but their clinical utility is controversial. Many scintigraphic methods are developed to investigate gastrointestinal motility from oral cavity to colon. These are esophageal transit scintigraphy, oropharyngeal transit study, gastric emptying test, small bowel transit time measurement, colon transit study and gastroesopahgeal reflux scintigraphy. Scintigraphy of gastrointestinal tract is the most physiologic and noninvasive method to evaluate gastrointestinal motility disorders. Stomach emptying test is regarded as a gold standard in motility study. Gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy also has a certain role in assessment of drug effect to GI motility and changes alter therapy of motility disorders. Scintigraphy provides noninvasive and quantitative assessment of physiological transit throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and it is extremely useful for diagnosing gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. This article reviews the current procedures, indications, significance and guidelines for gastrointestinal motility measurements by scintigraphy.

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Large Cavernous Hemangioma in the Jejunum of a 2-year-old Boy Treated by Laparoscopy-assisted Resection (2세 남아에서 발생한 공장 해면혈관종의 복강경 보조절제)

  • Park, Jinyoung
    • Advances in pediatric surgery
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 2012
  • Although hemangiomas are common vascular tumors that can occur anywhere in the body, they seldom involve the gastrointestinal tract. Hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract in infants and children are rare benign vascular tumors that most commonly present with gastrointestinal bleeding. We describe here the case of 2-year-old boy with intestinal bleeding caused by a large jejunal cavernous hemangioma, which was treated by laparoscopy-assisted resection of the affected portion of the jejunum.

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Design of Gastrointestinal Diagnosis System based on Ultrasonic Response Characteristics (초음파 응답특성 분석에 의한 위장 경화 진단시스템의 설계)

  • Lim, Do-Hyung;Kim, Eun-Geun;Lee, Gyoun-Jung;Park, Won-Pil;Kim, Han-Sung;Shin, Tae-Min;Choi, Seo-Hyung;Lee, Yong-Heum
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.250-257
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    • 2007
  • Functional gastrointestinal disorders affect millions of people of all age regardless of race and sex. There are, however, rare diagnostic methods for the functional gastrointestinal disorders because functional disorders show no evidence of organic and physical causes. Our research group identified recently that the gastrointestinal tract well in the patients with the functional gastrointestinal disorders becomes more rigid than healthy people when palpating the abdominal regions overlaying the gastrointestinal tract. The aim is, therefore, to develop a diagnostic method for the functional gastrointestinal disorders based on quantitative measurement of the rigidity of the gastrointestinal tract well using ultrasound technique. For this purpose, a preliminary ultrasound diagnostic system was developed and verified through phantom tests. The system consisted of transmitter, ultrasonic transducer, receiver, TGC, and CPLD, and verified via a phantom test. For the phantom test, ten soft-tissue specimens were harvested from porcine. Five of them were then treated chemically to mimic a rigid condition of gastrointestinal tract well, which was induced by functional gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the specimens were tested mechanically to identify if the mimic was reasonable. The customized ultrasound system was finally verified through application to human subjects with/without functional gastrointestinal disorders(Normal and Patient Groups). It was identified from the mechanical test that the chemically treated specimens were more rigid than normalspecimen. This finding was favorably compared with the result obtained from the phantom test. The phantom test also showed that ultrasound system well described the specimen geometric characteristics and detected an alteration in the specimens. The maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic reflective signal in the rigid specimens $(0.2{\pm}0.1Vp-p)$ at the interface between the fat and muscle layers was explicitly higher than that in the normal specimens $(0.1{\pm}0.0Vp-p)$ (p<0.05). Clinical tests using our customized ultrasound system for human subject showed that the maximum amplitudes of the ultrasonic reflective signals nea. to the gastrointestinal tract well for the patient group$(2.6{\pm}0.3Vp-p)$ were generally higher than those in normal group$(0.1{\pm}0.2Vp-p)$ (p<0.05). These results suggest that newly designed diagnostic system based on ultrasound technique may diagnose enough the functional gastrointestinal disorders.

7 Cases of Incidental Radionuclide Uptake in the Gabtrointestinal Tract During $^{99m}Tc$-Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scintigraphy ($^{99m}Tc$-MDP 골 스캔 중 발견된 위 및 장관의 섭취증가 7예)

  • Son, Tae-Yong;Kim, Hyung-Gun;Yuh, Young-Jin;Lee, Sang-Goo;Cheon, Eun-Mee;Lim, Sang-Moo;Hong, Sung-Woon
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.315-318
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    • 1993
  • We experienced 7 cases of patients who were performed $^{99m}Tc$-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of diseases they had. Their bone scintigrams showed incidental radionuclide uptake in the gastrointestinal tracts and they had no special symptom or sign attributable to the findings. Case 1 showed radionuclide uptake in the stomach and both lung and the patient had suffered from hypercalcemia and azotemia. Case 3 and case 6 showed diffuse radionuclide uptake in the stomach and intestinal tract. Others showed diffuse or regional radionuclide uptake in the intestinal tracts. Radionuclide uptake in the gastrointestinal tract by $^{99m}Tc$-methylene diphosphonate is caused by a certain pathologic lesion but also can be seen in the normal gastrointestinal tract. So, one who reads bone scintigrams should be alert for the pathologic lesion in the gastrointestinal tract although one must interpretate with the concept of this normal variations.

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An Immunohistochemical study of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells in the alimentary tract and the pancreas of the fresh water turtle, Geoclemys reevesii (남생이 위장관 및 췌장 내분비세포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-beom;Lee, Jae-hyun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.321-331
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    • 1992
  • The regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas of the fresh water turtle. Ten kinds of endocrine cells were identified in the gastrointestinal tract. Cholecystokinin-8-, bovine pancreatic polypetide-and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the gastrointestinal tract, also among them cholecystokinin-8-immunoreactive cells were most predominant in segment III. Although gastrin- and gastrin/cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to VI and X, respectively, they were numerous in segment III. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from segment I to VII. 5-hydroxytryptamine- immunoreactive cells were detected in segment I, III, VIII, IX and X. Human pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in segment V, VI, VIII, IX and X. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were found from segment III to X except for segment VIII, but rare in segment VII. Neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were found to be restricted to segment VIII, IX and X. No porcine chromogranin-, substance P- and bombesin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the fresh water turtle. Although typical mammalian pancreatic islets encapsulated by connective tissue were not present in this species, five kinds of endocrine cells-glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine-were found in forming small or large groups and scattered in the exocrine gland region. However porcine chromogranin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells could not be demonstrated in the pancreas.

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An immunohistochemical study of the endocrine cells in gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native goat (한국 재래산양의 위장관에 출현하는 내분비세포의 면역조직화학적 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-hyun;Lee, Hyeung-sik
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.261-270
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    • 1990
  • The gastrointestinal endocrine cells of the Korean native goat were studied immunohistochemically, and 5-HT-, somatostatin-, Gas/CCK-, glucagon-, chromogranin- and PP- immunoreactive cells were revealed. The characteristic findings of the regional distribution and relative frequency of these immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native goat were as follows. 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the small and large intestine than in the abdomen stomach. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cell were more numerous in the abdomen stomach than in the small and large intestine. Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were concentrated very numerously in the pyloric region with a few in the other regions. Moderate numbers of glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the small and large intestine, but a few of them were found in the abdomen stomach. Very numerous chromogranin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract. PP-immunoreactive cells were observed moderate numbers in the large intestine with few in the ileum. No insulin-immunoreactive cell was found in the gastrointestinal tract.

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A Review of the Latest Discussions on the Mechanism of Itching - A Study on Recent Research Trend and the Relationship between Gastrointestinal Tract and Itching (가려움증의 기전에 대한 최신 논의 고찰 - 최근의 연구 동향과 위장관계와의 연관성)

  • Kim, Jundong;Han, Chang-Yi;Seo, Gwang-Yeel;Kim, Kyu-Seok;Kim, Yoon-Bum
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.55-69
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    • 2021
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review the latest discussions on the mechanism of Itching. Methods : Articles that reviewed the mechanism of itching were searched from Pubmed (January 2016 to June 2021). In addition, review articles discussing the gastrointestinal tract and the mechanisms of pruritus were searched seperately. Results : The articles are classified into three categories. These categories are the classification according to the passage of time (acute, chronic), the immune factors involved (inflammatory, non-inflammatory), and the neurophysiological mechanism (pruritoceptive itching, neuropathic itching, neurogenic itching, psychogenic itching). In each category, the articles over the past five years are summarized and reviewed. Also, how the status of the gastrointestinal tract is reflected in itching was discussed in terms of leaky gut syndrome, neuro/gastrointestinal peptides, and gut microbiota. Conclusions : This review introduces the recently discussed mechanism of itching, and in particular, examines how the gastrointestinal tract is related to skin itching. Based on these considerations, it is expected that more diverse therapeutic approaches can be explored in the future.

Urinary incontinence - Anatomy and physiology of bladder and bowel - (요실금 - 방광과 장의 해부학적, 생리학적 연관성 -)

  • Lee, Jung Won
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.51 no.11
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    • pp.1136-1139
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    • 2008
  • The genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal system are interdependent but share the same embryological origin, pelvic region, and sacral innervation. Although children with voiding disturbances often present with bowel dysfunction, this coexistence was considered coincidental until recently. However, it is now accepted that dysfunction in emptying of both systems is interrelated. Afferent impulses carrying sensory information are transmitted through the spinal cord and brainstem toward several cortical and subcortical areas, resulting in conscious control of the bladder and bowel. Alteration in these afferent pathways can result in dysfunction, including urinary and fecal incontinence. Distal gastrointestinal tract problems such as constipation might induce an inhibitory rectovesical reflex that interferes with normal voiding. Therefore, lower urinary tract function seems to be closely associated with distal gastrointestinal tract function.

Current Research Status of Irreversible Electroporation for Hollow Viscus Organ of Gastrointestinal Tract (위장관 비가역적 전기천공법의 연구 현황)

  • Keum, Bora;Choi, Hyuk Soon;Jeon, Han Jo
    • Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.61-64
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    • 2020
  • Ablative therapy has drawn attention for cancer treatment as minimally invasive therapy. Recently, irreversible electroporation which has a different concept from the existing ablation method has emerged. Although gastrointestinal tract cancer is commonly managed by ablation such as liver, pancreas cancer, hollow viscus cancer is extremely challenging for applying ablative therapy because of its high perforation risk. Therefore, several studies about hollow viscus irreversible electroporation will be introduced in this review regarding its pre-clinical relevance.

Immunocytochemical Study on the Enteroendocrine Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Lateolabrax japonicus, Epinephelus septemfasciatus and Mugil cephalus

  • Ok, Sun-Hee;Jo, Gi-Jin;Lee, Eung-Hee;Choei, Byung-Tae;Jo, Un-Bock
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 1999
  • The gastrointestinal tract of three Percida, Lateolabrax japonicus, Epinephelus septemfasciatus and Mugil cephalus, was investigated immunocytochemically for the occurrence of somatostatin-. seotonin-, gastrin-, pancreatic polypeptide(PP)-, cholecystokinin-8(CCK-8)- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells. In Lateolabrax japonicus and Epinephelus septemfasciatus, five endorcrine cell types, such as somatostatin-, serotonin-, gastrin-, PP- and CCk-8-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated. In Mugil cephalus, however, six endocrine cell types, such as somatostatin-, serotnin-gastrin-, PP-, CCK-8- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were detected. Somatostatin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the gastric mucosa of all species. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found only in the gastric mucoas of Mugil cephalus. In the pyloric caeca, PP-and CCK-8-immnuoreactive cells fo all species. gastrin-immunoreactive cells of Epinephelus septemfasciatus and Mugil cephalus, and serotonin-immunoreactive cells of Epinephelus septemfasciatus were demonstrated. In the intestinal mucosa of all species, gastrin-, PP- and CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were detected, and in the intestinal mucosa of Epinephelus septemfasciatus serotonin-immunoreactive cells were also detected. The frequency of these immunoreactive cells differs from each portion of the gastrointestinal tract of all species.