• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1997

The gastrointestinal endocrine cells of the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis have been investigated immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin method. Seven antisera were tested and three endocrine cell types immunoreacted with antisera to neurotensin, GRP and substance P. A moderate number of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were weakly reacted in the small intestine. GRP-immunoreactive cells were mainly situated among the upper portion in the fundic glands, and the basal portion in the pyloric glands. These cells were oval and round in shape. On the other hand, in the intestine they were thin spindly cells with the epithelium. Substance P-immunoreactive cells were observed in among intestinal epithelium. However, no secretin-, motilin-, M-Enk- and PYY-immunoreactive cells were found in the GIT of the African clawed toads.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

It has been reported that $^{64}Cu$ was radiolabeled with bombesin (BBN) peptide binding to the gastrin releasing peptide receptor expressed in human prostate cancer cells (PC3), confirming tumor target efficacy in mouse model. In this study, we developed the kit for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer that can be used clinically using bombesin peptide available of $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ radioisotope labeling. The NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide containing the NODAGA chelator and galactose was dispensed into a sterilized glass vial and lyophilized to prepare a kit. The stability of the kit after long-term storage in the $4^{\circ}C$ cold chamber and the radiolabeling efficiency after $^{64}Cu$ or $^{177}Lu$ labeling were confirmed by thin layer chromatography. When labeling with $^{64}Cu$ at the initial stage of storage, labeling efficiency of NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide kit was over 96%, labeling efficiency was over 90% when $^{177}Lu$ was labeled. At 11 months after storage, the radiolabeling efficiency of kit against $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ was each over 95% and 90%. The cell viability was significantly reduced in the $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN treated group compared with the control and $^{177}Lu$ alone treated group in clonogenic assay. In conclusion, the NODAGA-galacto-BBN kit prepared by the lyophilization showed high stability over time and high yield of radioisotope labeling. Also $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN confirmed high cytotoxicity to prostate cancer cells. Therefore, the NODAGA-galacto-bombesin kit is expected to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

The endogenous retrovirus-like elements (HERVs) found on several human chromosomes are somehow involved in gene regulation, especially during the transcription level. HERV-H, located on chromosome Xp22, may regulate gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in connection with diverse diseases. By suppression subtractive hybridization screen on SV40-immortalized lung fibroblast (WI-38 VA-13), we discovered that expression of HERV-HX2, a clustered HERV-H sequence on chromosome X, was upregulated in immortalized lung cells, compared to that of normal cells. Expression of HERV-HX2 was then analyzed in various cell lines, including normal somatic cells, cancer cells, SV40-immortalized cells, and undifferentiated and differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Expression of HERV-HX2 was specifically upregulated in continuously-dividing cells, such as cancer cells and SV40-immortalized cells. Especially, HERV-HX2 in HeLa cells was highly upregulated during the S phase of the cell cycle. Similar results were obtained in hES cells, in which undifferentiated cells expressed more HERV-HX2 mRNA than differentiated hES cells, including neural precursor and endothelial progenitor cells. Taken together, our results suggest that HERV-HX2 is upregulated in cancer cells and undifferentiated hES cells, whereas downregulated as differentiation progress. Therefore, we assume that HERV-HX2 may playa role on proliferation of cancer cells as well as differentiation of hES cells in the transcriptional level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6557-6562
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• 2013

Objective: Specific promoters could improve efficiency and ensure the safety of gene therapy. The aim of our study was to screen examples for lung cancer. Methods: The firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter, and promoters based on serum markers of lung cancer were cloned. The activity and specificity of seven promoters, comprising CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide), KRT19 (cytokeratin 19, KRT), SFTPB (surfactant protein B, SP-B), SERPINB3 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, SCCA), SELP (Selectin P, Granule Membrane Protein 140kDa, Antigen CD62, GMP) and DKK1 (Dickkopf-1) promoters were compared in lung cancer cells to obtain cancer-specific examples with strong activity. Results: The CEACAM5, DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB promoters were cloned. Furthermore, we successfully constructed recombinant vector pGL-CEACAM5 (DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB) contained the target gene. After cells were transfectedwith recombinant plasmids, we found that the order of promoter activity from high to low was SERPINB3, DKK1, SFTPB, KRT19, CEACAM5, SELP and GRP and the order for promoters regarding specificity and high potential were SERPINB3, DKK1, SELP, SFTPB, CEACAM5, KRT19 and GRP. Conclusion: The approach adopted is feasible to screen for new tumour specific promoters with biomarkers. In addition, the screened lung-specific promoters might have potential for use in lung cancer targeted gene therapy research.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.150-163
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of Liriope platyphylla extract on relieving Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) through regulation of acid secretion. Methods: 8-week-old ICR mice were divided into untreated control group (Ctrl), GERD elecitation group (GERDE), Omeprazole administrate group before GERD elicitation (OMA), and Liriope platyphylla extract administrate group before GERD elicitation (LPA). After inducing GERD, gross observation and histological examination were performed and ATP6V1B1 (ATPase H+ Transporting V1 Subunit B1), GRPR (Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor), COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase 1), 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), Cathelicidin, p-JNK (phospho c-Jun N-terminal kinase) were observed to confirm the damage defense effect of the esophageal mucosa, acid secretion regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mucosal protection, and apoptosis regulation Results: OMA and LPA showed lower levels of damage compared to GERDE in gross observation and histological examination. ATP6V1B1, GRPR, and 8-OHdG showed lower positive reactions in OMA and LPA than in GERDE. COX-1 were less positive in GERDE and OMA than in Ctrl, but showed higher secretion in LPA than in Ctrl. Cathelicidin showed a decreased positive reaction in GERDE, OMA and LPA compared to Ctrl, but the decrease in positive reaction was smaller in OMA and LPA compared to GERDE. p-JNK showed increased positive reaction in GERDE, OMA and LPA than in Ctrl, but the increase in the positive reaction was smaller in the OMA and LPA compared to GERDE. Conclusions: The effects of Liriope platyphylla extract on esophageal mucosal damage protection, acid secretion regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mucosal protection and apoptosis regulation were confirmed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1989

Molecular property as well as biological activities of bombesin-like substance (BBS-LS) isolated from the skin of B. orientalis in Korea was compared with those of synthetic BBS-14. BBS-LS in the crude extract was applied on a Sephadex G-50, superfine column $(1.6{\times}112\;cm)$. On chromatogram, the first peak (3.5% of BBS-LS) was found ahead of synthetic GRP-27, and the second peak (rest) between synthetic GRP-27 and synthetic BBS-14. The main form of BBS-LS was successfully purified by using a column of alkaline alumina followed by sequential gel-filtrations on a column of Sephadex G-10, fine and a column of Sephadex G-50, superfine. Chromatographic analysis of the purified BBS-LS using a column of Sephadex G-50, superfine and reversed phase HPLC revealed that the main form of BBS-LS in the skin of B. orientalis could be distinctly different from either BBS-14 or GRP-27 in molecular size. The purified BBS-LS exerted biological activities quite identical to those of synthetic BBS-14. The results of the present investigation indicate that the skin of B. orientalis contains BBS-LS composed of two distinct forms. The main form of BBS-LS purified in the present study is heterogenous to both synthetic BBS-14 and GRP-27 in molecular size but identical to BBS in biological activities.