• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.293-307
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• 1975

As it has been known recently that anisakis type larvae harbouring in marine fishes are a causal agent of zoonosis to human and probably to land living mammal animals, attention was focused on the study on the larvae in an aspect of epidemiology or epizootiology. The present work was conducted from 1966 to 1975 for i) survey on the harbouring status of anisakis type larvae in marine fishes of this country, ii) observation on the response to the experimental infestation of the larvae to the pigs, in the reason that they could well fetid raw fish viscera occasionally containing the larvae as a high protein source of swine food, and iii) observation on the larval resistance and response to vermicidal agents for the purpose of prevention of the larval infection to the mammal animals. The data obtained in the studies were summarized as follows: 1. In the survey on the status of larvae harbouring in main species of marine fishes of this country, 15 species, a total of 1,940 fishes, were observed and the result was summarized in table 2. Average number of larvae, in upper rank of 5 out of all 15 species of fishes, were as highest as 156 larvae ranging 74 to 450 in Pseudosciaena manchurica (chamjogi), 54.5 ranging 15 to 240 in Trichiurus haumela (kalchi), 35.6 ranging 8 to 112 in Trachurus japonica (junggengi), 30.6 ranging 4 to 65 in Parapristipama trilineatum (benjari) and 20.5 ranging 3 to 48 in Nibea argentata (boguchi) respectively. In morphological observation, size of the larvae in the fishes were varied, ranging from 2 to 32mm long, and a tendency to larger size and number of larvae in the fishes, which were wider sea migration, higher age and lager bodily size, was observed The favorite places harbouring the larvae in fishes were mainly around the intraperitoneal viscera such as mesentery, omentum, liver, pyloric suspensory, fat tissue and cloaca, and rarely in body muscles of fish. Fishes heartily infested with the larvae showed stunted growth decreased egg formation and severe damage of liver. 2. In the experimental infestation of the larvae to normal pigs, as illustrated in table 3, a group with large dose of larvae (a total of 1,800 larvae, 300 larvae Per dose, twice in a dart for 3 days) showed acute clinical syndrome terminatine death with a week course, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae (a total of 180~360 larvae, 10 larvae per dose, at 5 days interval for 70~180 days) showed subclinical syndrome with remarkably stunted growth as. much as approximately one half of body size in contest to the control pigs. In the pathological findings, a group with large dose of larvae showed macroscopically larvae penetrating to the gastric wall with severe gastroenteritis, and histopathologically various acute lesions caused by active larvae penetration into the wall of stomach and interstine, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae showed chronic lesions such as hypertrophy and verminous granulomatous swelling of gastric wall, suggesting strongly the possibility of natural infestation of larvae to swine. 3. In the resistance of the larvae to the chemical solutions, the larvae tolerated for 2 days in 15 percent solution of sodium chloride and acetic acid, and for 7 days in 70 percent solution of ethyl alcohol. In the resistance to the temperature, the larvae died within 1 second at $62^{\circ}C$ and tolerated for 24 hours at $-3^{\circ}C$, 12 hours $-5^{\circ}C$ respectively. 4. For the experiment on the vermicidal effect to larvae, general vermicidal drugs such as Neguvon, Combantrin, antimony Potassium, piperazine adipate and piperazine dihydrochloride, oxidizer such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate, and dyes such as gentian violet and crystal violet were used, and among them, as illustrated in table 6, potassium permanganate was proved as the best. In the successive test for the practical use of potassium permanganate, vermicidal effect in seawater solution of potassium permanganate and common-water solution of potassium permanganate were compared, and then retested by dipping the fish viscera including the larvae into the two different solutions of potassium permanganate. The result through these tests indicated that 0.01 percent common water and sea-water solution of potassium permanganate could be apparently recommended as a preventive vermicidal solution, having 90 to 100 percent vermicidal effect by dipping for 12 to 24 hours even though sea-water solution of potassium permanganate had a tendency to slightly less effect than the common-water solution of potassium permanganate (Table 8).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.936-942
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• 2012

매실나무(Carthamus tinctorius L.)는 한국, 일본과 중국에서 전통적으로 약효가 있는 음식으로 사용되어 왔다. 특히 과일은 위염증 및 위궤양에 도움이 되는 생물학적 효과가 있다고 보고되었다. 그러나 피부미백과 관련된 효능에 대한 연구는 이직까지 미진하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 항산화 및 피부미백에 대한 매실추출물의 효능이 조사되었다. MTT assay를 이용한 세포생존에 대한 결과로 매실추출물은 0.1% 이하의 농도에서 세포독성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 다음에 매실추출물의 환원력 뿐만 아니라 DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide 및 superoxide에 대한 직접적인 소거효과가 in vitro에서 평가되었다. 그것은 이상의 활성산소종에 대한 소거효과를 발휘하게 하는 우수한 환원력을 가지고 있다. 더욱이 산화적 스트레스와 연관된 genomic DNA 손상에 대한 보호효과가 농도에 따라 증가하는 것이 관찰 되었다. 뿐만 아니라 L-dopa에 의하여 유발되는 멜라닌 생성에 대한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 그것은 또한 Western blot 분석에서 항산화와 괸련된 NRF-2, SOD-1 및 SOD-2 발현수준을 감소시킨다는 것이 발견되었다. 이러한 결과들은 매실추출물이 항산화에 의한 멜라닌생성의 억제를 통하여 피부 미백효과를 발휘할 수 있다는 것을 암시한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1738-1745
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• 2007

A growth trial and a digestibility trial were conducted to examine the effect of feed particle size on the performance, nutrient digestibility, gastric ulceration and intestinal morphology in pigs fed barley-based diets. Barley was processed through a hammer mill to achieve four diets varying in particle size (average particle $size{\pm}standard $deviation): coarse ($1,100{\pm}2.19\;{\mu}m$), medium ($785{\pm}2.23\;{\mu}m$), fine ($434{\pm}1.70\;{\mu}m$) and mixed (1/3 of coarse, medium and fine) ($789{\pm}2.45\;{\mu}m$). Sixty-four entire male pigs were used in the growth trial and the diets were fed ad libitum between 31 kg and 87 kg live weight. Following slaughter, stomach and ileal tissues were scored for integrity (ulceration or damage) and histological measurements taken. Twenty-four entire male pigs were used in the digestibility trial, which involved total faecal collection. Over the entire growth phase, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain and feed conversion ratio between pigs fed diets of different particle size. Pigs fed the coarse and medium diets had lower (p<0.05) stomach ulceration scores (0.20 and 0.25, respectively, on a scale from 0 to 3) than those fed the mixed (0.69) or the fine diets (1.87). The stomachs of all animals fed the fine diet had lesions and stomach ulcerations were present only in this group. Pigs fed the fine diet had thicker (p<0.001) ileal epithelial cell layer with no differences (p>0.05) being observed for villous height or crypt depth. Faecal digestibility coefficients of neutral and acid detergent fibre were the highest (p<0.05) for the mixed diet, intermediate for the fine and coarse diets and the lowest for the medium diet. A similar numerical trend (p = 0.103) was observed for the apparent faecal energy digestibility coefficient. It is concluded that, with barley based diets, a variation in average particle size between $400{\mu}m$ and $1,100{\mu}m$ had no effect on pig performance but the fine dietary particle size affected the integrity of the stomach, as well as the structure of the small intestine, thus compromising overall gut health. Our data also demonstrate that changes in particle size distribution during the digestion process, rather than average particle size or particle size variation, are related to apparent faecal digestibility.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.906-913
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• 1998

This study an analyzes the effects of the P/S ratio of dietary lipids and antioxidant vitamin supplements on serum lipids level and fatty acid profile, the degree of lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver of rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz($\alpha$) anthracene(DMBA). P/S ratio of dietary lipids was made into 0.5, 1 and 2 by mixing palm oil, soybean oil, sesame oil and perilla oil at 10%(w/w) fat level and n-6/n-3 ratio was fixed to 4. Antioxidant vitamin of $\alpha$-tocopherol or $\beta$-carotene was supplemented in addition to vitamin mixture which was given at 1 % of the standard diet. female Sprague-Dawley strain rats, about 60 days old, were divided into three groups(LP : low P/S ratio(0.5), MP : medium P/S ratio (1.0), HP , high P/S ratio(2.0)) and each group was sub-divided into three groups(S ; standard, T ; tocopherol supplemented, C : carotene supplemented): Two weeks after feeding experimental diets, all groups were treated with a single dose of DMBA(2mg/100g BW) by gastric intubation and fed experimental diet for 9 week. The results were as follows ; 1) Serum total cholesterol(TC) level was not significantly influenced by diet but tended to be lower in HP groups compared to LP and MP groups. Triglyceride level was the highest in LP groups and the lowest in $\alpha$-tocopherol supplemented groups. 2) Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) level, representing lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsome, tended to be increased as the unsaturation of dietary lipids increases. $\alpha$-Tocopherol supplement significantly decreased TBARS level. 3) The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) in hepatic cytosol showed the tendency to be high with increasing P/S ratio of dietary lipids. SOD activity was not significantly influenced by antioxidant vitamin, but GSHPx activity was significantly increased in $\alpha$-tocopherol supplemented groups. In summary, high polyunsaturated fat diet was effective on reducing the serum level of total cholesterol and triglyceride, while it increased unsaturation and peroxidizability of serum fatty acid. With increasing P/S ratio of dietary lipids, lipid peroxidation was increased in the liver and antioxidant enzyme system was induced to inhibit lipid peroxidation against oxidative damage. $\alpha$-Tocopherol supplement was effective in lowering lipid peoxidation, but $\beta$-carotene supplement did not exhibit antioxidant effect. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) 906~913, 1998)

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.126-144
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• 2012

Background : Peripheral nerves more rapidly recover than central nerves. However, it has been known that the degree of reaction of axons of peripheral nerves is affected by distinctive characteristics of axons and environmental factors near the axons. Taxol is a widely used medicine as for ovarian, breast, lung and gastric cancer. However it causes patients difficulties under treatment due to its toxic and side effects, which include persistent pain. Objectives : This study reviewed how SJT extract in vitro and in vivo affects nerve tissues of a sciatic nerve damaged by Taxol. It also studied how SJT extract in vivo affects axons of the sciatic nerve after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing. Methods : After vehicle, Taxol, and Taxol plus SJT were treated respectively for tissue of the sciatic nerve in vitro and then tissues were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and anti-cdc2. SJT was also oral medicated by injecting Taxol into the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats. Tissues of the sciatic nerve and axons of DRG sensory nerves were then observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$-tubulin, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and p-Erk1/2. After inflicting pressing damage to the sciatic nerve of in vivo rats, tissues of the sciatic nerve and DRG sensory nerve were observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, $S100{\beta}$, caspase-3, anti-cdc2, phospho-vimentin, ${\beta}1$-integrin, Dil reverse tracking and p-Erk1/2. Results : The group of in vitro Taxol plus SJT treatment had meaningful effects after sciatic nerve tissue was damaged by Taxol. The group of in vivo SJT treatment had effects of regenerating Schwann cells and axons which were damaged by Taxol treatment. The group of in vivo SJT had effects of regenerating axons in damaged areas after the sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing, and also had variations of distribution in Schwann cells at DRG sensory nerves and axons. Conclusions : This study confirmed that SJT treatment is effective for growth of axons in the sciatic nerve tissues and improvement of Schwann cells after axons of the sciatic nerve tissues was damaged. After tissues of sciatic nerve was damaged by pressing in vivo, SJT treatment had effects on promoting regeneration of axon in the damaged area and reactional capabilities in axons of DRG sensory nerves.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2012

Purpose: Severe pancreaticoduodenal injuries are relatively uncommon, but may result in high morbidity and mortality, especially when management is not optimal, and determining the appropriate treatment is often difficult. The objective of this study was to review our experience and to evaluate the role of a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in treatment of pancreaticoduodenal injuries. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 16 patients who underwent an emergency PD at our hospital for severe pancreaticoduodenal injury from 1990 to 2011. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, mechanism and severity of the injury, associated injuries, postoperative complications and outcomes were reviewed. Results: The mean age of the 16 patients was $45{\pm}12years$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation), and 15(93.8%) patients were male. All patients underwent an explorative laparotomy after a diagnosis using abdominal computed tomography. Almost all patients were classified as AAST grade higher than III. Thirteen(83.3%) of the 16 patients presented with blunt injuries; none presented with a penetrating injury. Only one(6.3%) patients had a combined major vascular injury. Fifteen patients underwent a standard Whipple's operation, and 1 patient underwent a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Two of the 16 patients required an initial damage-control procedure; then, a PD was performed. The most common associated injured organs were the small bowel mesentery(12, 75%) and the liver(7, 43.8%). Complications were intraabdominal abscess(50%), delayed gastric emptying(37.5%), postoperative pancreatic fistula(31.5%), and postoperative hemorrhage (12.5%). No mortalities occurred after the PD. Conclusion: Although the postoperative morbidity rate is relatively higher, an emergency PD can be perform safely without mortality for severe pancreaticoduodenal injuries. Therefore, an emergency PD should be considered as a life-saving procedure applicable to patients with unreconstructable pancreaticoduodenal injuries, provided that is performed by an experienced hepatobiliary surgeon and the patient is hemodynamically stable.

• 대한안과학회지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.1097-1102
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• 2018

목적: 클로르페나피르 음독 후 중추신경계 손상을 동반한 독성 시신경병증 1예를 보고하고자 한다. 증례요약: 44세 여자가 7일 전부터의 양안 시력저하를 주소로 내원하였다. 환자는 내원 2주 전 자살 목적으로 클로르페나피르 한 모금을 음독했고, 직후 근처 병원에서 위세척을 시행하였다. 초기 최대교정시력은 우안 안전수지 30 cm, 좌안 안전수동이었다. 양안 동공은 5.0 mm로 커져 있었고, 빛에 대한 반응은 느렸으며 좌안에는 상대구심동공운동장애가 관찰되었다. 안저검사에서 양안 시신경유두부종이 관찰되었고, 뇌자기공명영상에서 양안 시신경과 속섬유막, 뇌량, 중소뇌각, 뇌간 등 백질 신경로를 따라 양쪽에 대칭적인 고강도신호가 관찰되었다. 클로르페나피르 중독으로 인한 독성 시신경병증으로 진단 후, 고용량 스테로이드치료를 3일간 시행하였으나 양안 최대교정시력은 광각무로 악화되었다. 3개월 후, 안저검사에서 양안 시신경위축이 관찰되었고, 빛간섭단층촬영에서 망막신경섬유층 및 신경절세포-내망상세포층 두께가 감소하였다. 결론: 매우 적은 양이라도 클로르페나피르에 노출되면 적절한 치료에도 불구하고 잠복기를 거쳐 심각한 시신경손상이 발생할 수 있으므로 주의해야 하겠다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2021

Objective: Chronic reflux esophagitis (CRE), characterized by esophageal mucosa ulcer, is caused by continuous backflow of gastric acid and consequent inflammation due to unstable gastroesophageal sphincter. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of an Arecae Semen and Coptidis Rhizoma mixture (AC-mix) on CRE. Methods: CRE was surgically induced in SD rats with three experimental groups used: normal; CRE control; and CRE treatment (200 mg/kg AC-mix). Blood and esophageal tissue were collected after two weeks of drug administration. The anti-oxidant activity of the AC-mix was measured by total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents as well as by radical scavenging activity with protein levels evaluated using western blotting. Results: CRE damage to the esophageal mucosa was significantly reduced in the AC-mix group as compared with the controls, and administration of the AC-mix was seen to inhibit NF-κBp65 activity. Consequently, the inactivation of NF-κBp65 significantly inhibited inflammatory mediators such as COX-2 and iNOS. Moreover, the anti-oxidant enzyme HO-1 significantly increased through activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which can break down collagen from the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, was decreased following AC-mix treatment, and elevated levels of MMP-2 were regulated by its tissue inhibitor. Conclusions: These results show that AC-mix can alleviate esophageal mucosa ulcer though inhibition of the NF-κBp65 inflammatory pathway and enhancement of the anti-oxidant Nrf2-Keap1 pathway.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 우선 진피 열수 추출물의 in vitro 항산화능을 평가하기 위해 total polyphenol, total flavonoid 함량, DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거능을 분석한 후, 150 mM/60% ethanol로 유발한 급성 위염 동물 실험을 진행하여 급성 위염 완화 효과를 검증하였다. 약물투여군의 혈청 내 ROS와 MPO 수준, 조직 내 MDA 수준의 유의성 있는 감소를 확인하였으며, western blot을 통해 NOX2와 p22^phox를 포함한 산화적 스트레스 관련 단백질을 억제하였고, PI3K/Akt/NF- κB 신호 전달 경로를 통한 염증성 단백질의 현저한 감소를 확인하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 진피 열수 추출물이 급성 위염에 대한 완화 효과를 나타냈으며, 위염 및 천연 치료제의 후보 소재로서 가능성이 있다고 판단된다. 또한, 향후 만성 위염, 위암과 같은 위장 질환에 관한 추가 연구에서 진피 열수 추출물의 활용 가능성을 시사한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.321-330
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• 1995

목적 : 제초제로 사용되는 Paraquat($Gramoxone^{(R)}$)는 l0cc미만의 소량복용으로 사망이 가능하여 자살목적 혹은 사고로 복용한 후 응급실로 내원하게 되는데 적극적인 치료방법으로 신장 및 간장에 대한 독성은 가역적으로 회복이 가능하나 폐에 대한 독성은 가장 치명적으로 초기에 폐부종, 폐출혈등의 성인형호흡곤란증후군의 양상을 보이며 더욱 진행하면 폐섬유화를 초래하여 궁극적으로 사망하게 된다. 1984년 Webb등이 폐부종이 진행되는 paraquat중독환자에서 전폐방사선치료를 시행, 폐섬유화로의 진행을 억제하여 생존시킨 예를 보고한 이래 전폐 방사선 치료가 paraquat에 의한 폐독성을 방지할 수 있는 가에 대한 연구가 시도되었다. 저자들은 연세의대 치료방사선과에서 paraquat중독으로 전폐방사선치료를 시행받은 환자들을 후향적으로 분석하여 폐섬유화 예방에 대한 효과 및 궁극적으로 생존율 향상에 기여하였는지 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1987년 6월부터 1993년 8월까지 paraquat중독으로 연세의료원에 내원하여 치료하였던 30명의 환자들을 대상으로 분석하였다. 이 중 14예에서 전폐방사선치료를 시행받았다. 환자들의 특성을 보면 남녀비가 12:18 이었고 3-76세의 연령에서 20-30세사이가 가장 많았고, 자살목적이 22예, 우발적인 사고로 복용한 예가 8예였다. 환자 및 보호자의 진술에 따라, 복용한양을 소량(<5cc), 한모금(5-50cc) 그리고 과량(>50cc)군으로 세 군으로 나누어 분석하였다. 방사선치료는 응급실에 도착하여 적극적인 치료와 함께 24시간 이 내 시작하였고 방사선량은 10Gy/5fr/1주으로, 전폐를 범위로 폐밀도 보상 없이 전후 2문 대향조사하였다. 3예에서 방사선치료도중 중단하였는데 치료거절(2Gy) 및 사망(2Gy, 6Gy)이 원인이었다. 결과 : 소량복용군에서는 방사선치료와 상관없이 7예 전원이 생존하였고 대조군에서 2예의 경미한 폐부종이 나타났으나 방사선치료군에서는 나타나지 않았다. 한모금 복용군의 경우 15예 전예에서 폐독성이 나타났는데, 대조군에서는 7예중 1예($14{\%}$)에서만 회복된 반면 방사선치료군에서는 8예중 4예($50{\%}$)에서 폐독성에서 회복되었다. 한모금 복용군에서 음독후 4일이내에 방사선치료를 받은 경우 5예중 4예($80{\%}$)에서 폐독성이 회복된 반면 5일 이후에 치료한 3예에서는 전원($100{\%}$)이 호흡부전으로 사망하여 차이를 보였다. 4일이내 방사선치료군에서 2Gy 조사 후 치료를 거절한 1예를 제외하면 4예 전원($100{\%}$)에서 폐섬유화를 예방할 수 있었다. 과량복용군에서는 방사선치료와 상관없이 8예 전원이 다기관 손상과 함께 호흡부전으로 사망하였는데 방사선치료는 3예 모두 음독2일 이내에 시행되었지만 모두 폐섬유화로 진행되어 사망하였다. 결론 : Paraquat중독으로 궁극적인 사망의 원인이되는 폐섬유화를 방지하기 위한 방법으로 전폐방사선치료는 비록 복용량이 정확하지는 않으나 약 한모금(5-50cc)정도 복용한 경우 paraquat배설을 위한 적극적인 치료와 함께 조기에(적어도 4일 이내에) 시행될 경우 폐섬유화로의 이행을 방지하여 궁극적으로 생존이 가능함을 알 수 있었고, 소량복용의 경우와 과량을 복용한 경우 전폐방사선치료는 필요가 없을 것으로 생각되었다. 향후 음독후 정확한 혈중 paraquat 농도를 측정하여 대조군과 비교하여 전폐방사선효과를 규명하는 임상실험이 필요하리라 사료된다.