• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 1999년도 제1회 학술대회논문집(KIASC 1st conference 99)
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• pp.157-160
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• 1999

Enthalpy transport in a pulse tube was investigated by two-dimensional analysis of mass, momentum and energy equations of the gas as well as energy conservation of the tube wall. The mean temperature of the gas and the tube wall was obtained directly by assuming that the outer surface of a pulse tube is adiabatic. Effects of operating frequency, tube wall thickness, velocity ratio and velocity phase angle between both ends of a pulse tube on net enthalpy flow were shown.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to assess approaches to modeling coal gasification and combustion in general purpose CFD codes. Coal gasification and combustion involve complex multiphase flows and chemical reactions with strong influences of turbulence and radiation. CFD codes would treat coal particles as a discrete phase and gas species are considered as a continuous phase. An approach to modeling coal reaction in $FLUENT^{(R)}$, selected in this study as a typical commercial CFD code, was evaluated including its devolatilization, gas phase reactions, and char oxidation, turbulence, and radiation submodels. CFD studies in the literature were reviewed to show the uncertainties and limitations of the results. Therefore, the CFD analysis gives useful information, but the results should be carefully interpreted based on understandings on the uncertainties associated with the modelings of coal gasification and combustion.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.700-705
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• 2009

In this study, the volatile compounds in 9 commercial fermented soybean pastes were extracted and analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. A total of 63 volatile components, including 21 esters, 7 alcohols, 7 acids, 8 pyrazines, 5 volatile phenols, 3 ketones, 6 aldehydes, and 6 miscellaneous compounds, were identified. Esters, acids, and pyrazines were the largest groups among the quantified volatiles. About 50% of the total quantified volatile material was contributed by 5 compounds in 9 soybean paste samples; ethyl hexadecanoate, acetic acid, butanoic acid, 2/3-methyl butanoic acid, and tetramethyl-pyrazine. Three samples (CJW, SIN, and HAE) made by Aspergillus oryzae inoculation showed similar volatile patterns as shown in principal component analyses to GC-MS data sets, which showed higher levels in ethyl esters and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol. Traditional fermented soybean pastes showed overall higher levels in pyrazines and acids contents.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.252-258
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• 1999

As an effective means to convey crushed materials from seabed to on board ship and to raise hazardous or abrasive liquids air-lift pump provides a reliable mechanism due to its simple config-uration and easy-to-operate principle. The present study is focused on fundamental investigation of related performance by the analysis program based on the gas-liquid two-phase flow in circular pipes. The program covers pump operating in isothermal and vertical two-phase flow with Newto-nian liquids. it is summarized as important result that an optimum air mass flow rate exists for the maximum lifted liquid mass flow rate in terms of a given submergence rates and furthermore attachment of downcomer gives little effects on riser performance the conveyed liquid flow rate increases with larger submergence rate.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2014

CFD(computational fluid dynamics) model is developed to simulate direct injection of ammonia gas phase from ammonia transporting materials into the SCR catalyst in the exhaust pipe of the engine with solid SCR. Configurations of one-hole and four-hole nozzle, circumferential type, porous tube type, and the effect of mixer configurations which commonly used in liquid injection of AdBlue are considered for complex geometries. Mal-distribution index related to concentration of ammonia gas, flow uniformity index related to velocity distribution, and pressure drop related to flow resistance are compared for different configurations of complex geometries at the front section of SCR catalyst. These results are used to design the injection system of ammonia gas phase for solid SCR of target vehicle.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.88-88
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• 2010

We synthesized molybdenum thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and physicochemical analysis was performed. The physical and chemical properties of these films were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained film at the oxygen ratio of 0% showed crystallinity of cubic Mo(110) phase. After the oxygen ratio increased more than 5% in the sputter gas, the molybdenum films were formed as an amorphous phase. The thickness of the Mo thin film was drastically decreased from 1000 nm to ca 70 nm after introduction of oxygen in the sputter gas confirmed by spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) and scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). The calculated band gap of the film deduced from SE data increased from 3.17 to 3.63 eV by addition of oxygen in the sputter gas. The roughness of the Mo film was examined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and it was dramatically decreased by introducing of oxygen during sputtering. XPS results revealed that the ratio of metallic Mo species in the film decreased by the contents of Mo(VI) species increased at the ratio of oxygen increased in the sputter gas and fully oxidized at low content of oxygen in the sputter gas.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2001

Welding process generates distortion and residual stress in the weldment due to rapid heating and cooling. Welding distortion and residual stress in the welded structure result in many troubles such as dimensional inaccuracies in assembling and safety problem during service. The accurate prediction of welding residual stress is thus very important to improve the quality of weldment and find the way to reduce itself. This paper suggests new analysis method to predict welding residual stress by considering solid phase transformation during welding process. Using the method, analysis is performed for medium and low carbon steel. The analysis result for medium carbon steel reveals that case considering phase transformation has compressive residual stress in contrast with the case neglecting phase transformation because of martensite formation. However, for the case of low carbon steel, residual stress shows little difference between the case considering phase transformation and the other case, because it has small transformation strain and recovers rapidly stress after phase transformation.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

본 연구는 기존 연구에서 다루었던 기체상태의 CO₂를 송출시 주입관내 상변화 및 유동특성 연구의 계속으로 액체 상태의 CO₂를 송출하여 초임계 상태로 주입시의 연구 결과이다. 지중에 CO₂를 저장하는 기술은 높은 주입성, 저장량 및 경제성으로 기후 변화를 완화하는 효율적인 방법중 하나이다. 심부 대수층에 CO₂를 주입 및 저장하는 실증 프로젝트인 포항분지 CO₂ 지중저장 사업은 미래 대규모 CO₂ 지중 저장 사업에 필요한 기술을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이 사업의 설계 단계에서 고려해야 하는 문제 중 하나는 CO₂를 주입시 주입관내 CO₂의 상(phase)변화 및 그에 따른 유동특성의 분석이다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위해 주입량에 따른 압력, 온도 및 열역학적인 물성값 등을 계산하여 주입설비의 송출 조건을 결정한다. 본 연구를 위해 액체 상태의 CO₂를 송출하고 초임계로 변하는 주입관내 상변화 및 유동 특성을 OLGA 프로그램을 사용하여 수치해석적으로 분석하였다. 결과를 통하여 CO₂의 주입 시스템과 저장소의 공저압을 연계하는 주입 송출 조건을 제시하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.199-202
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• 2015

A simple and novel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation method for phase change nanowire is investigated. A $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ (GST) nanowire TEM sample was meticulously prepared using nanomanipulator and gas injection system in a field emission scanning electron microscopy for efficient and accurate TEM analysis. The process can minimize the damage during the TEM sample preparation of the nanowires, thus enabling the crystallographic analysis of as-grown GST nanowires without unexpected phase transition caused by e-beam heating.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2005년도 제24회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.208-211
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• 2005

연소기 설계에 유용한 자료를 제공하기 위해 연소실내에서 연료와 산화제의 분무 연소에 관한 수치적 해석을 수행하였다. 분무 모델로 DSF 모델과 Euler-Lagrange 방법을 사용하였다. 액적 가열을 고려하여 액적의 온도 변화를 계산하였다. 액적과 가스상의 커플효과와 가스상과 증발된 기체상의 커플효과를 고려하기 위해 PSIC 모델을 사용하여 계산하였다.