• Clean Technology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2009

Adsorptive removal of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) and tert-butylmercaptan (TBM) that were widely used sulfur odorants in pipeline natural gas was studied using various ion-exchanged NaY zeolites at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. In order to improve the adsorption ability, ion exchange was performed on NaY zeolites with alkali metal cations of $Li^+,\;Na^+,\;K^+$ and transition metal cations of $Cu^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ag^+$. Among the adsorbents tested, Cu-NaY and Ag-NaY showed good adsorption capacities for THT and TBM. These good behaviors of removal of sulfur compound for Cu-NaY and Ag-NaY zeolites probably was influenced by their acidity. The adsorption capacity for THT and TBM on the best adsorbent Cu-NaY-0.5, which was ion exchanged with 0.5 M copper nitrate solution, was 1.85 and 0.78 mmol-S/g at breakthrough, respectively. It was the best sulfur capacity so far in removing organic sulfur compounds from fuel gas by adsorption on zeolites. While the desorption activation energy of TBM on the Cu-NaY-0.5 was higher than NaY zeolite, the difference of THT desorption activation energy between two zeolites was comparatively small.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.13
• /
• pp.507-528
• /
• 2007

June 2006, five korean oil workers, three who worked for Daewoo and two for Korea Gas, released after being held hostage by separatist militants in Nigeria. The kidnapping was happened in the Niger Delta where armed separatists are demanding a larger share in oil revenues and compensation for environmental destruction due to oil exploration. Seven months later, nine Korean pipeline workers of Daewoo together with a Nigerian were kidnapped again and safely released thanks to the efforts of the company and the Korean government. These two kidnapping incidents have shown that companies engaged in the overseas business are not safe any more from the terrorist attacks and has given an invaluable lesson that the company having an intention to go abroad for business should take all possible anti and counter-measures against terrorism. The main purpose of this study is to suggest a guideline for the establishment of counter-terrorism and security strategy against terrorist attacks on the private companies at the overseas. In order to foster a better understanding of the problem, a brief history of terrorism is presented in the first part. In addition, this study analyses and describes the variations of terrorist attacks against private companies together with the terrorism related environment of Korea. Based on the outcome of the study, this paper takes a global view and perspectives of terrorist attacks against private companies and suggests consideration for the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2010

Utility-Pipe Conduit is, Housing and city effectively accommodate what they absolutely need power, communications, gas, pipeline, water supply, drainage, energy facilities etc, according to expansion of urban infrastructure are derived, several ways to solve problems in, collection facilities in place are maintained and managed facility. If Utility-Pipe Conduit is damaged, as well as national security, because their impact on society as a whole, by introducing large vulnerability in the fire prevention activities and suppression measures and disaster for our situation by introducing measures, comprehensive analysis of the fire risk, it shall establish fire prevention activities and suppression through analysis of Utility-Pipe Conduit design, institutional issues, the problem of fire protection facilities, fire spread phenomenon etc. Because of Utility-Pipe Conduit is an enclosed place, so incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen supply that there are problem such dark smoke, carbon monoxide etc, toxic combustion products and heat generation and visual impairment is an issue difficult to enter. As well as fire prevention activities, the fire In light of the particularity of the under ground than above ground fire, so this phenomenon is weak fire fighting that fire to become effective fire fighting tactics, basically it is necessary difficulty softening, non-burn softening and prevent combustion expansion of the cable is installed on the Utility-Pipe Conduit, having to considering the specificity of the response command system and relevant organizations to establish an on-site, Structural identification and other information gathering required to record of Response agencies, keep air conditioning system 24 hours and strengthening Virtual Total Training of Response agen

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.46 no.7
• /
• pp.745-754
• /
• 2013

The systematic analysis and evaluation of required energy in the processes of drinking water production and supply have attracted considerable interest considering the need to overcome electricity shortage and control greenhouse gas emissions. On the basis of a review of existing research results, a practical method is developed in this study for evaluating energy in water supply networks. The proposed method can be applied to real water supply systems. A model based on the proposed method is developed by combining the hydraulic analysis results that are obtained using the EPANET2 software with a mathematical energy model on the MATLAB platform. It is suggested that performance indicators can evaluate the inherent efficiency of water supply facilities as well as their operational efficiency depending on the pipeline layout, pipe condition, and leakage level. The developed model is validated by applying it to virtual and real water supply systems. It is expected that the management of electric power demand on the peak time of water supply and the planning of an energy-efficient water supply system can be effectively achieved by the optimal management of energy by the proposed method in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 2015

Longitudinal strain is an important component of seismic design for buried pipelines. A design procedure which determines the wavelength from site natural period and shear wave velocity of the soil layer and closed-form solutions of pipelines under a harmonic motion is typically used in design. However, the applicability of the procedure has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, displacement-time histories extracted from 1D site response analyses are used in 3D shell-spring model to accurately predict the response of pipelines. The results are closely compared to those from the design procedure. The area of interest is East Siberia. Performing a site response analysis to determine site specific displacement time history is highlighted. The site natural period may be used to predict the predominant period of the acceleration time history, but cannot be used to estimate the predominant period of the displacement time history. If an accurate estimate of the predominant period of the displacement time history is provided, it is demonstrated that the design equation can be successfully used to predict the response of pipelines.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2014

Due to the latitudinal location of Korea, the seasonally frozen ground has been focused on as research topics such as the frost heaving under the asphalt road rather than the permafrost ground. However, the recent construction of the second Korean Antarctic research station, the Jangbogo station and the participation on the development of the natural gas pipeline in Russia arouse the research interests on the behavior of the permafrost ground. At the design process of the geotechnical structures on the permafrost ground, the evaluation of the creep characteristics of the frozen soil is very crucial. Since the domestic specification on the frozen soil testing does not exist currently, it is necessary to evaluate the creep characteristics of frozen soils systematically with regard to the affecting factors. Therefore, the creep characteristics of the frozen specimens of dense Jumoonjin sand were evaluated under various loads at -5 and $-10^{\circ}C$. Based on the test results, as the load became close to the strength and the temperature became lower, the duration of the secondary creep became shorter and more distinct tertiary creep responses were observed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 2016

LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) bunkering has become an important issue with the enforcement of environment regulations in shipping industry required by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). With increased attention on LNG bunkering, many studies that focus on safety, regulation, demand forecasting, and the feasibility of LNG fueled ships have been carried out. However, most of the existing research has not included considerations of the price of LNG bunkering and its competitiveness. This paper, therefore, suggests ways to increase price competitiveness in the LNG bunkering market in the Busan Port. This paper analyzes the LNG bunkering supply mechanism by investigating various LNG bunkering terminal business in the LNG supply market. Factors that determine LNG bunkering price and its elasticity are also identified. Market players who want to operate LNG bunkering terminals in the Busan Port should introduce a merchandising trade method that is able to exclude the "Korea premium" in order to increase price competitiveness. This paper also suggests adoptable strategies such as the use of TPS (Terminal to Ship via Pipeline) type of bunkering service and the importance of location for minimizing initial investment cost.