• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.27 no.B
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• pp.65-70
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• 2007

The LNG tank are properly designed to fit with the limited installation space of a light duty truck, Hyundai Porter II. This designed LNG tank has 36 liter capacity, so two LNG tanks installed on Porter II truck allow it to run about 432 km per fueling. It is almost two times greater than CNG mileage for same truck. To analyze the relationship between car acceleration and heat leak for different fuel vapor/liquid ratios, the modified Fortran program "Pro-Heatleak" is used. Computational analysis shows that the relationship between the heat leak and vapor/liquid ratio is linearly inversed. Heat leak increases with increasing of car acceleration when fuel vapor/liquid ratio is less than 0.5 and decreases when fuel vapor/liquid ratio is greater than 0.5. The difference between maximum and minimum heat leak for full tank is about 12 percents. For the fuel vapor/liquid ratio equal to 0.5 heat leak does not depend on car acceleration.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.9 s.252
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• pp.850-857
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• 2006

Hydrogen production using current fueling facilities is essential for near-term applications of fuel cells. A preliminary process for developing a natural gas autothermal reforming (ATR) reactor for fuel cells is presented in this paper. A experimental reactor for methane ATR was constructed and used for characterization of Jin reactor. Temperature profiles of the reactor were observed, and reformed gas compositions were analyzed to evaluate efficiency, conversion and reaction heat with varying amounts of $O_2/CH_4$ at selected furnace temperature and $H_2O/CH_4$. The amount of $O_2/CH_4$ showed strong offsets on reactor temperature, efficiency and conversion indicating that $O_2/CH_4$ is a crucial operation condition. Operation conditions which result in thermal neutrality of ATR reactor system were determined for two cases of an ATR system based on the estimation of enthalpy difference between reactants of assumed inlet temperatures and the products from experimental results. The determined conditions for thermally neutral operations could be used for guidelines to design reformers and for determining the operation parameters of a self sustaining ATR reactor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2019

Hydrogen is difficult to accurately measure the amount of charge due to sudden temperature changes and pressure rise when charging the vehicle. In order to construct a hydrogen infrastructure, it is important to precisely measure the amount of charge that can be a sensitive issue in commercial transactions. In this study, the accuracy of metering of domestic hydrogen stations was evaluated as a study for metering management of hydrogen dispenser. For the experiment, we constructed metering system using master meter method and measured the flow rate in the actual hydrogen vehicle charging environment. As a result of error occurred about 10% on average, and the hydrogen loss per one charge was found to be up to 60g.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2008

The 36 liter LNG tank is designed to fit in the limited installation space of a small truck. Two LNG tanks allow one ton truck to run about 432 km per fueling. which is about 1.8 times longer than CNG mileage for the same truck. The variation of BOG with car acceleration for the different fuel liquid/vapor ratios in a tank is analysed by the modified Fortran program "Pro-Heatleak". Computational analyses show that the relationship between the BOG and liquid/vapor ratio is linearly proportional at a given acceleration. Fuel consumption decreases the volume of liquid fuel in the tank but increases the specific BOG. BOG increases with increasing of car acceleration when fuel liquid/vapor ratio is greater than 0.5 and decreases with increasing of car acceleration when fuel liquid/vapor ratio is less than 0.5. The difference between maximum and minimum BOG for full tank is about 12 percents. For the fuel liquid/vapor ratio equal to 0.5 BOG does not depend on car acceleration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2003

This paper the self fuel filling system was investigated in order to improve the manual system. This process can be conducted by credit cards and cash automatically even though the drivers don't know how to use a lubricator. Normal gas stations interface simple circuits not to by a lubricator so it can go side by side with self-refueling. This system give convenience for drivers and decrease oil price reducing handwork for gas station. This effect will be able to strengthen outside competitive power of gas station.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.3353-3358
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• 2007

The present paper is devoted to investigate dynamic effect and steady-state performance of methane autothermal reformer theoretically and numerically. In order to simplify the complicated phenomena in the system, axisymmetric heterogeneous reactor model is developed. As autothermal reaction takes places on catalyst surface between bulk gas and catalyst, volume averaging method is incorporated using porous medium approach. To understand the start-up process which occurs in the reactor is highly important. Therefore, in this paper we get various goverining equations to find out transient and steady solutions and time scale for start-up introducing dimensionless variables. Start-up is a significant issue in reforming reaction for automobile system and fueling of SOFC-based auxiliary power units. This paper deals with characteristics of heat and mass transfer and predicted light-off time in the reformer as oxygen to carbon ratio ($O_2$/C) and amount of feeding gas.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2006

In this study, $20\;Nm^3/hr$ scale compact hydrogen generator which can be apply to the hydrogen station was manufactured and tested. The design of $20\;Nm^3/hr$ scale compact hydrogen generator was upgraded on the base of $5\;Nm^3/hr$ scale plate hydrogen generator concept stacking the plate reactors. Ideas for improving system efficiency such as heat recovery from the exhaust, exhaust duct which is especially design for plate type reactor, reinforcement of insulation, enlargement of heat exchange area of reactor, introduction of desulphurizer reactor and PROX rector in a compact design etc. were applied. From the performance test, we can learn that the $20\;Nm^3/hr$ scale compact hydrogen generator can be operated steadily at 100% road condition and the methane conversion of over 94%(at S/C=3.75) was obtained. This result shows that the concept of plate type hydrogen generator can be scale-up to the $20\;Nm^3/hr$ scale and fit for hydrogen generator for on site hydrogen station application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

This study performed a quantitative risk assessment for hydrogen-CNG complex refueling stations. Individual and societal risks were calculated by deriving accident scenarios that could occur at hydrogen and CNG refueling stations and by considering the frequency of accidents occurring for each scenario. As a result of the risk assessment, societal risk levels were within the acceptable range. However, individual risk has occurred outside the allowable range in some areas. To identify and manage risk components, high risk components were discovered through risk contribution analysis. High risks at the hydrogen-CNG complex refueling station were large leakage from CNG storage containers, compressors, and control panels. The sum of these risks contributed to approximately 88% of the overall risk of the fueling station. Therefore, periodic and intensive safety management should be performed for these high-risk elements.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The adoption of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a vehicle fuel is a common phenomenon as it is accelerating worldwide. Increasing number of CNG driven vehicles around the world has jumped up from one million in 1996 to five million in 2006. CNG as a vehicle fuel is very popular to the end users because of its clean-burning properties and cost effective solution compared to other alternative fuels like diesel and gasoline. The use of CNG as a fuel reduces vehicular emission that is consisted of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen ($NO_x$), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) etc. This research highlights the characteristics of CNG vehicles, CNG arrangement in the vehicles, CNG fueling procedures and most importantly the environmental and economic factors that are highly considered as cost effective solution for the flexibility of using CNG in the automobiles.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.134-139
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• 2008

This research investigated variations of the engine performance and the exhaust emission characteristic of a direct injection diesel engine by fueling a commercial diesel fuel, which was blended with the di-ether group (butyl-ether: BE). The smoke emission reduced to 26% from the diesel engine with the blending fuel (diesel fuel 80 vol-% + BE 20 vol-%)at the full engine load of 2500 rpm compared to it with the diesel fuel only. The power, torque and brake specific energy consumption of the diesel engine showed very slight differences. The NOx emission from the diesel engine, however, with the blended fuel was higher than with the commercial diesel fuel only. By applying EGR method, as a counter plan of the NOx reduction, this research obtained reductions of the smoke and NOx emission at the same time from the diesel engine with the BE blended diesel fuel.