• 제목/요약/키워드: Gas control valve

검색결과 247건 처리시간 0.029초

우주추진용 홀방식의 전기추력기를 위한 제논연료공급장치 개발 (Development of Xenon Feed System for a Hall-Effect Thruster to Space-propulsion Applications)

  • 김연호;강성민;정연황;선종호;위정현;윤호성;최원호;이종섭;서미희
    • 한국항공우주학회지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.84-89
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    • 2011
  • 소형인공위성의 우주추진체로 사용될 홀방식 전기추력기의 서브시스템으로 제논연료공급장치가 개발되었다. 제논연료공급장치는 연료저장탱크에서 추력기의 양극과 음극에 낮은 압력으로 연료를 공급하게 된다. 추력기는 양극과 음극에서 독립적으로 정밀한 연료의 유량제어를 요구하고 있다. 연료의 유량은 양극과 음극에 각각 위치한 오리피스와 차단밸브를 통해 축압탱크의 압력을 변경함으로서 조절된다. 본 논문은 제논연료공급장치의 부품선정을 포함한 설계와 성능검증 및 기능시험에 대한 내용을 다루고 있다.

전자공학 및 전자기술의 역사, 현황 그리고 미래 (The history, present status and future perspective of electronics and electronic technologies)

  • 조규심
    • 기술사
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 1991
  • Electronics has different meanings to different people and in different countries. Hence, let me difine the term in the sense that it is used here. Electronics in the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacumn, or in a semiconductor. The beginning of electronics came in 1895 when H. A. Lorentz postulated the existence of discrete charges called electrons. Two years later J.J. Thompson found these electrons experimentally. In the same year (1897) Braun built what was probaly the first electron tube, essentially a primitive cathode-ray tube. It was not until the start of the 20th century that electronics began to take technological shape. In 1904 Fleming invented the diode which he called a valve. This era begins with the invention of the transistor about 30 years ago. The history of this invention is interesting. M.J. Kelly, director of research(and later president of Bell Laboratories), had the foresight to realize that the telephone system needed electronic switching and better amplifiers. Vacuum tubes were not very reliable, principally because they generated a great deal of heat even when they were not being used, and, particularly, because filaments burned out and the tubes had to be replaced. In 1945 a solid-state physics group wa formed. The foregoing completes the history of electronics and electronic industries up to 1978. There is already a start toward a merging of the computer and the communication industries which might be called information manipulation. This includes storage of information, sorting, computation, information retrieval, and transmission of data. This combination of the computer and the communication fields will penetrate many disciplines. Applications will be made in the fields of law, medicine, biological sciences, engineering, library services publishing banking, reservation systems, management control, education, and defense.

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Steady-State/Transient Performance Simulation of the Propulsion System for the Canard Rotor Wing UAV during Flight Mode Transition

  • Kong, Changduk;Kang, Myoungcheol;Ki, Jayoung
    • 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.513-520
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    • 2004
  • A steady-state/transient performance simulation model was newly developed for the propulsion system of the CRW (Canard Rotor Wing) type UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) during flight mode transition. The CRW type UAV has a new concept RPV (Remotely Piloted Vehicle) which can fly at two flight modes such as the take-off/landing and low speed forward flight mode using the rotary wing driven by engine bypass exhaust gas and the high speed forward flight mode using the stopped wing and main engine thrust. The propulsion system of the CRW type UAV consists of the main engine system and the duct system. The flight vehicle may generally select a proper type and specific engine with acceptable thrust level to meet the flight mission in the propulsion system design phase. In this study, a turbojet engine with one spool was selected by decision of the vehicle system designer, and the duct system is composed of main duct, rotor duct, master valve, rotor tip-jet nozzles, and variable area main nozzle. In order to establish the safe flight mode transition region of the propulsion system, steady-state and transient performance simulation should be needed. Using this simulation model, the optimal fuel flow schedules were obtained to keep the proper surge margin and the turbine inlet temperature limitation through steady-state and transient performance estimation. Furthermore, these analysis results will be used to the control optimization of the propulsion system, later. In the transient performance model, ICV (Inter-Component Volume) model was used. The performance analysis using the developed models was performed at various flight conditions and fuel flow schedules, and these results could set the safe flight mode transition region to satisfy the turbine inlet temperature overshoot limitation as well as the compressor surge margin. Because the engine performance simulation results without the duct system were well agreed with the engine manufacturer's data and the analysis results using a commercial program, it was confirmed that the validity of the proposed performance model was verified. However, the propulsion system performance model including the duct system will be compared with experimental measuring data, later.

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BPA 공장의 메탄올 분리공정에서 위험성 평가 및 안전대책 (Risk Assessment and Safety Measures for Methanol Separation Process in BPA Plant)

  • 우인성;이중희;이인복;천영우;박희철;황성민;김태옥
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 2012
  • BPA 공장의 메탄올 분리공정에서 HAZOP 평가를 실시하고, 사고 시나리오로부터 화재 및 폭발 사고의 피해범위를 예측하였다. 그 결과, 화재사고의 피해범위는 50 mm 직경의 안전밸브 토출배관 파열에 의한 제트화재에서는 20 m이었고, 설비가 전파되어 플래쉬화재가 발생되는 경우에는 267 m이었다. 또한 개방공간 증기운 폭발사고의 피해범위는 토출배관 파열에서는 22 m이었고, 설비 전파인 경우에는 542 m이었다. 그리고 최악의 누출 시나리오에 대한 안전대책으로는 메탄올 분리컬럼 내부의 이상압력 상승을 감지할 수 있는 압력계를 2 out of 3 voting으로 설비 상부에 설치하여 주공급라인 상에 설치된 컨트롤밸브와 긴급차단밸브를 동시에 차단할 수 있도록 하여야 한다.

곡물냉각기의 개발 (Development of a New Commercial Grain Cooler)

  • 김동철;김의웅;금동혁;한종규
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.250-256
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    • 2004
  • 국내의 기상조건 및 벼의 수확후 처리여건에 적합한 곡물냉각기를 개발하고, 냉각능력, 재열능력, 가열능력, 소요전력 및 성능계수 등의 성능을 측정하여 설계조건에 적합한지를 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 압축기 무부하전자변과, 재열기 및 증발기에 고온고압의 냉매가스를 공급하여 냉각능력을 0∼100%까지 제어할 수 있고, 온도 5$^{\circ}C$이상, 상대습도 54∼95%의 정온정습 공기를 발생할 수 있는 1일 최대 벼 200톤을 냉각할 수 있는 곡물냉각기를 개발하였다. 이 곡물냉각기의 최대냉각능력은 35,284㎉/hr, 송풍량 및 정압은 각각 120㎥/min, 279mmAq이었으며, 재열기를 통한 냉각공기의 최대 온도상승 및 상대습도의 저하범위는 각각 7.6∼8.6$^{\circ}C$, 34.5∼41.0%이었으며, 최대가열능력은 5.6$^{\circ}C$이었다. 또한, 최대 소요동력은 22.8㎾이었으나, 압축기의 무부하 전자변이 작동될 때는 총소요동력의 33.3%, 압축기 소요축동력의 44.7%가 절약되는 것으로 나타났으며, 제어조건에 따라 전체소요동력의 26.7~33.3%정도가 절약되는 것으로 나타났으며, 냉동시스템의 성능계수는 과냉각으로 인해 표준냉동사이클하에서의 4.0보다 높은 4.71이었으며, 전성능계수는 1.8로 나타났다.

곡물냉각기를 이용한 철제 원형빈에서 벼 냉각 (Field Cooling Tests of Paddy Stored in Steel Bins with a Grain Cooler)

  • 김의웅;김동철
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.263-268
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    • 2004
  • 곡물냉각기를 이용하여 벼의 냉각특성을 구명하기 위하여 RPC의 원형빈에서 2회의 냉각실험을 실시하였다. 1차 냉각 실험은 하절기에 200 톤 규모의 원형빈에서, 2차 냉각실험은 수확기에 300 톤 규모의 원형빈에 저장된 벼를 대상으로 실시하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1차 냉각실험에서 초기곡온 23.6$^{\circ}C$, 함수율 19.3%인 벼180.3 톤을 14$^{\circ}C$까지 냉각시키는데 52.5시간이 소요되었으며, 냉각을 통해 함수율은 약 0.6% 감소하였다. 또한, 2차 냉각실험에서 초기곡온 16.1$^{\circ}C$, 함수율 19.2%인 벼 272.2 톤을 5.5$^{\circ}C$까지 냉각시키는데 78.0시간이 소요되었다. 1, 2차 냉각실험에서 냉각공기온도를 각각 8.0, 5.5$^{\circ}C$로 설정하였을 때, 곡물냉각기출구의 냉각공기온도는 각각 8.0$\pm$0.48$^{\circ}C$, 5.7$\pm$0.84$^{\circ}C$로서 정밀하게 제어되고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 2차 냉각실험에서의 온도편차가 1차 냉각실험에서보다 높게 나타난 것은 냉각부하가 적었고, 외기조건이 급격하기 변화하여 압축기 무부하전자변, 재열기 및 증발기에 공급되는 고온고압 냉매가스량, 응축기 송풍기가 제어되었기 때문으로 판단되었다. 1차 냉각실험에서 곡물냉각기에서 냉각된 공기량은 평균77.5㎥/min인데 비해 곡물층을 통과한 냉각공기량은 42.5㎥/min에 불과해 약 45%의 냉각공기가 누설되어 이에 대한 방지책이 필요하였다. 냉각부하가 큰 하절기에 실시한 1차 냉각실험에서는 댐퍼만이 제어되었으며, 소요전력은 평균 22.1㎾를 나타낸 반면, 냉각부하가 적은 수확기에 실시한 2차 냉각실험에서는 압축기의 무부하전자변, 응축기 송풍기 등이 제어되었으며, 소요전력은 평균 17.4㎾로 나타나 하절기에 비하여 약 27%정도의 에너지가 절감된 것으로 나타났다.

THE CURRENT STATUS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING IN THE USA

  • Webster, John G.
    • 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한의용생체공학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.27-47
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    • 1992
  • Engineers have developed new instruments that aid in diagnosis and therapy Ultrasonic imaging has provided a nondamaging method of imaging internal organs. A complex transducer emits ultrasonic waves at many angles and reconstructs a map of internal anatomy and also velocities of blood in vessels. Fast computed tomography permits reconstruction of the 3-dimensional anatomy and perfusion of the heart at 20-Hz rates. Positron emission tomography uses certain isotopes that produce positrons that react with electrons to simultaneously emit two gamma rays in opposite directions. It locates the region of origin by using a ring of discrete scintillation detectors, each in electronic coincidence with an opposing detector. In magnetic resonance imaging, the patient is placed in a very strong magnetic field. The precessing of the hydrogen atoms is perturbed by an interrogating field to yield two-dimensional images of soft tissue having exceptional clarity. As an alternative to radiology image processing, film archiving, and retrieval, picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are being implemented. Images from computed radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasound are digitized, transmitted, and stored in computers for retrieval at distributed work stations. In electrical impedance tomography, electrodes are placed around the thorax. 50-kHz current is injected between two electrodes and voltages are measured on all other electrodes. A computer processes the data to yield an image of the resistivity of a 2-dimensional slice of the thorax. During fetal monitoring, a corkscrew electrode is screwed into the fetal scalp to measure the fetal electrocardiogram. Correlations with uterine contractions yield information on the status of the fetus during delivery To measure cardiac output by thermodilution, cold saline is injected into the right atrium. A thermistor in the right pulmonary artery yields temperature measurements, from which we can calculate cardiac output. In impedance cardiography, we measure the changes in electrical impedance as the heart ejects blood into the arteries. Motion artifacts are large, so signal averaging is useful during monitoring. An intraarterial blood gas monitoring system permits monitoring in real time. Light is sent down optical fibers inserted into the radial artery, where it is absorbed by dyes, which reemit the light at a different wavelength. The emitted light travels up optical fibers where an external instrument determines O2, CO2, and pH. Therapeutic devices include the electrosurgical unit. A high-frequency electric arc is drawn between the knife and the tissue. The arc cuts and the heat coagulates, thus preventing blood loss. Hyperthermia has demonstrated antitumor effects in patients in whom all conventional modes of therapy have failed. Methods of raising tumor temperature include focused ultrasound, radio-frequency power through needles, or microwaves. When the heart stops pumping, we use the defibrillator to restore normal pumping. A brief, high-current pulse through the heart synchronizes all cardiac fibers to restore normal rhythm. When the cardiac rhythm is too slow, we implant the cardiac pacemaker. An electrode within the heart stimulates the cardiac muscle to contract at the normal rate. When the cardiac valves are narrowed or leak, we implant an artificial valve. Silicone rubber and Teflon are used for biocompatibility. Artificial hearts powered by pneumatic hoses have been implanted in humans. However, the quality of life gradually degrades, and death ensues. When kidney stones develop, lithotripsy is used. A spark creates a pressure wave, which is focused on the stone and fragments it. The pieces pass out normally. When kidneys fail, the blood is cleansed during hemodialysis. Urea passes through a porous membrane to a dialysate bath to lower its concentration in the blood. The blind are able to read by scanning the Optacon with their fingertips. A camera scans letters and converts them to an array of vibrating pins. The deaf are able to hear using a cochlear implant. A microphone detects sound and divides it into frequency bands. 22 electrodes within the cochlea stimulate the acoustic the acoustic nerve to provide sound patterns. For those who have lost muscle function in the limbs, researchers are implanting electrodes to stimulate the muscle. Sensors in the legs and arms feed back signals to a computer that coordinates the stimulators to provide limb motion. For those with high spinal cord injury, a puff and sip switch can control a computer and permit the disabled person operate the computer and communicate with the outside world.

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