• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2004

Generally industrial multi-articulated robots are used for parts assembly, welding, and painting processes. The high flexibility of them is very useful to not only parts assembly, welding, and painting processes, but also machining processes. But because of machining processes to need a high stiffness of machine structure, so machining is usually not tried at them, except deburring processes now. During past three years the works are carried out to improve the stiffness of a industrial multi-articulated robot With some gas spring as a first idea in this research area. As a result of that stiffness was significantly up, and found and investigated the machining possibility at it.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2018

This study analyze the economic effect of chemical fertilizer. We used the input and output data, and the analysis variables include production output nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, seeds, and labor. The main results are as follows. First, for spring potatoes, potassium increases to a certain level of output, but over a certain stage, the output decreases as the input increases. Optimal use of potassium in the calculation of spring potatoes can achieve the effect of reducing input costs and increasing output simultaneously. Second, radish In autumn, nitrogen increases to a certain level, but over a certain stage it represents a reverse U-shaped relationship in which output decreases as input increases. This means that reducing the amount of fertilizer input increases the output. This means that soil-related agricultural big data can contribute to the management of nutrients and greenhouse gas reduction in agricultural land.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 코일스프링의 동적 거동 분석을 위해 스프링 릴리즈 시험기를 설계하고 시험을 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션을 위해 집중 매개변수 스프링모델을 개발하였다. 실험계획법을 이용하여 코일스프링의 설계변수들을 최적화하였다. 2수준의 요인배치법을 사용하여 설계변수들의 민감도와 교호작용을 분석하였다. 민감도와 교호작용 분석결과를 통해 설계변수의 수준을 재배열하였다. 혼합수준 요인배치법을 이용하여 설계변수를 최적화 하였다. 최적설계 결과에 따르면, 스프링 조작기의 성능이 2.90 % 개선되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.789-800
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• 2013

$N_2O$ and $CH_4$, Greenhouse gas emission, Forest soil, Closed chamber technique, Soil uptake $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ are important greenhouse gases (GHG) along with $CO_2$ influencing greatly on climate change. Their soil emission rates are highly affected by bio-geo-chemical processes in C and N through the land-atmosphere interface. The forest ecosystems are generally considered to be net emission for $N_2O$; however, net sinks for $CH_4$ by soil uptake. Soil $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ emissions were measured at Mt. Taewha in Gwangju, Kyeonggi, Korea. Closed chamber technique was used for surface gas emissions from forest soil during period from May to October 2012. Gas emission measurement was conducted mostly on daytime (from 09:00 to 18:00 LST) during field experiment period (total 25 days). The gas samples collected from chamber for $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ were analyzed by gas chromatography. Soil parameters were also measured at the sampling plot. GHG averages emissions during the experimental period were $3.11{\pm}16.26{\mu}g m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ for $N_2O$, $-1.36{\pm}11.3{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$ for $CH_4$, respectively. The results indicated that forest soil acted as a source of $N_2O$, while it acted like a sink of $CH_4$ on average. On monthly base, means of $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ flux during May (spring) were $8.38{\pm}48.7{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$, and $-3.21{\pm}31.39{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$, respectively. During August (summer) both GHG emissions were found to be positive (averages of $2.45{\pm}20.11{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$ for $N_2O$ and $1.36{\pm}9.09{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$ for $CH_4$); which they were generally released from soil. During September (fall) $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ soil uptakes were observed and their means were $-1.35{\pm}12.78{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$ and $-2.56{\pm}11.73{\mu}gm^{-2}hr^{-1}$, respectively. $N_2O$ emission was relatively higher in spring rather than other seasons. This could be due to dry soil condition during spring experimental period. It seems that soil moisture and temperature mostly influence gas production and consumption, and then emission rate in subsoil environment. Other soil parameters like soil pH and chemical composition were also discussed with respect to GHG emissions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.623-630
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• 2011

This study investigated the degradation of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO, indicator of the generation of OH radical) by using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The DBD plasma reactor of this study consisted of a quartz dielectric tube, titanium discharge (inner) and ground (outer) electrode. The effect of shape (rod, spring and pipe) of ground electrode, diameter (9~30 mm) of ground electrode of spring shape and inside diameter (4~13 mm) of quartz tube, electrode diameter (1~4 mm), electrode materials (SUS, Ti, iron, Cu and W), height difference of discharge and ground electrode (1~15.5 cm) and gas flow rate (1~7 L/min) were evaluated. The experimental results showed that shape of ground electrode and materials of ground and discharge electrode were not influenced the RNO degradation. The thinner the diameter of discharge and ground electrode, the higher RNO degradation rate observed. The effect of height gap of discharge between ground electrode on RNO degradation was not high within the experimented value. Among the experimented parameters, inside diameter of quartz tube and gas flow rate were most important parameters which are influenced the decomposition of RNO. Optimum inside diameter of quartz tube and gas flow rate were 7 mm and 4 L/min, respectively.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2014

To enhance the performance of SEWGS system by holding the WGS catalyst in a SEWGS reactor, a spring type bed insert was developed. In this study, effects of operating variables such as steam/CO ratio, gas velocity, syngas concentration on CO conversion were investigated in a fluidized bed reactor using the spring type bed insert to hold the WGS catalyst as tablet shape. CO conversion increased initially as the steam/CO ratio increased. But further increment of the steam/CO ratio caused decreasing of CO conversion because of increment of gas velocity and decrement of syngas concentration. Moreover, CO conversion decreased as the gas velocity increased and the syngas concentration decreased at the same steam/CO ratio. Continuous operation up to 48 hours (2 days) was carried out to check reactivity decay of WGS catalyst supported by spring type bed insert. The average CO conversion was 99.04% and we could conclude that the WGS reactivity at those conditions was maintained up to 48 hours.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2001

Acidic air pollutants were collected to characterize indoor air quality at a private house in Seoul during the spring period. All indoor and outdoor samples were measured simultaneously using an annular denuder system. The data set was collected on twelve different days with a 24-hr sampling period in April and May 1997. The chemical species measured were HN $O_3$, HN $O_2$, S $O_2$ and N $H_3$in the gas phase and P $M_{2.5}$ (dp 2.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and N $H_4$$^{+}$ in the particulate phase. Indoor concentrations of HN $O_2$, N $H_3$, and P $M_{2.5}$ were greater than outdoor levels. However, indoor concentrations of HN $O_3$, S $O_2$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ and N $H_4$$^{+}$ were less than those found from outdoors. In the case of S $O_4$$^{2-}$, the indoor and outdoor concentrations were similar. Indoor concentrations of P $M_{2.5}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ were dependent upon the outdoor concentrations. A tracer-gas decay technique with sulfur hexafluoride (S $F_{6}$ ) as the tracer gas was used to estimate the air exchange rate of a private home in the spring. The average air exchange rate was computed to be 2.87 h $r^{-1}$ .X> .

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2023

차량 충돌 시 벨트를 잡아당겨 탑승자의 상해 가능성을 최소화하기 위한 안전장치인 프리텐셔너는 화약 폭발 방식으로 구동되므로 화재나 파편이 튀는 2차 사고의 위험이 있으며 사고 발생 후 프리텐셔너 내부의 가스 발생기 뿐만 아니라 매니폴더를 포함한 연결 부품 모두를 교체해야 하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 안전하고 반영구적으로 사용이 가능한 탄성력 기반 프리텐셔너를 제안한다. 기존 프리텐셔너의 작동 원리를 열역학적/동역학적 관점으로 분석한 후 프리텐셔너 전개를 위해 필요한 가스 폭발에너지를 탄성에너지로 변환하였다. 또한 비감쇠 진동해석을 통해 프리텐셔너 작동시간을 확인하였으며 폭발 압력과 전개 시간 조건을 모두 만족하는 스프링 강성을 선정하였다. 스프링 부착 위치에 따른 차량 내부 설치 규격을 고려하여 코일 스프링 형상 및 고정부를 설계하였으며 제작을 통해 탄성력 기반 프리텐셔너의 성능 검증을 수행하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.635-649
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 호남지역에 분포하는 5개 온천(죽림, 변산, 지리산, 덕산, 화순)에서 9개 온천시료와 인근의 지하수 시료 3개를 채취하여 수질화학 성분과 안정동위원소 $({\delta}^{18}O,\;{\delta}D,\;{\delta}^{34}S)$ 및 영족기체(He, Ne, Ar) 동위원소 분석을 통하여 온천수의 지화학적 특성, 지화학적 진화, 그리고 황, 헬륨, 아르곤의 기원을 해석하고자 하였다. 호남지역 온천수의 수온은 $23.0{\sim}30.5^{\circ}C$ 범위로 저온형 온천특성을 보이고 pH는 $7.67{\sim}9.98$ 범위로 알카리성의 특성을 보여주었다. 전기전도도는 $153{\sim}746{\mu}S/cm$ 범위로 지역에 따라서 큰 차이를 보여주었다. 온천주변 지하수의 수질특성은 온천수보다 낮은 pH와 전기전도도의 특성을 보여주었다. 온천수와 지하수의 지화학적 성분은 파이퍼도상에서 크게 3개의 유형으로 구분된다($Na-HCO_3$ 유형, Na-Cl 유형, $Ca-HCO_3$ 유형). 온천수의 지화학적 진화과정을 보면 초기에 $Ca-HCO_3$ 유형에서 출발하여 $Ca(Na)-HCO_3$ 유형을 거쳐 $Na-HCO_3$ 유형으로 진화하였으며, 일부 온천수는(JR1)의 경우 pH 9.98의 알카리성으로, $Na-HCO_3$ 유형의 종말점까지 도달하여 지화학적 진화의 최종단계에 도달되었음을 보여준다. 온천수의 산소 및 수소동위원소 조성은 순환수선을 따라 도시되며 지역에 따라 위도효과를 보인다. 황산염에 대한 황동위원소 대부분 화성기원을 보인다. 그러나 JR1 온천은 고염수에서 기원한 것으로 보이는 해양성기원을 보인다. 온천수의 $^3He/^4He$ 비와 $^4He/^{20}Ne$ 비는 $0.0143{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}0.407{\times}10^{-6}$ 범위와 $6.49{\sim}584{\times}10^{-6}$ 범위를 각각 보여주어 대기와 지각성분의 혼합선상에 도시된다. 이는 온천수내 헬륨가스의 대부분이 지각기원임을 의미한다. 죽림온천(JR1)의 경우 맨틀기원의 헬륨가스의 혼합율이 다른 온천에 비해 다소 높은 비율을 보여준다. 이들 동위원소비와 온천수의 pH와는 대체적으로 정의 상관관계가 확인되었다. 아울러 $^{40}Ar/^{36}Ar$비가 $292.3{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}304.1{\times}10^{-6}$ 범위로 대기기원임을 지시한다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1996

Effects of crustal species on the characteristics of ambient particles were studied by applying a gas-particle equilibrium model, SCAPE, to the measurements at Kosan, Cheju Island during the spring and summer, 1994. Two cases were simulated; the measured composition was used without any modification (case 1), and the metal ion concentrations originated from crust were subtracted from the measured particle composition (case 2). Total suspended particles (TSPs) were collected by an automatic high volume tape sampler during spring period and by high volume samplers during summer period. The fine particles, PM 2.5, and gaseous volatile species were collected using a filter pack smapler during summer period. The water soluble ion concentrations were analyzed from all the particle samples. According to the simulation results, the effect of crustal elements on the chemical composition of particles is negligible for both TSP particles and PM 2.5 particles. Acidity of particles measured at Kosan, however, is affected by the change of the concentrations of crustal species, stronger effects for TSP particles than for PM 2.5 particles during summer, and stronger effects during summer than spring for TSP particle. The average pH decrease due to the absence of crustal species was about 0.10 for PM 2.5 particle during summer and 1.51 and 0.85 for TSP particles during summer spring, respectively. Water contents of PM 2.5 particles for both cases are comparable to each other. Estimated water content of TSP particles for case 2 is higher than that for case 1 by about 4 $\sim 6 \mum/m^3$ because salts of metal ions are not hygroscopic.