• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2013

처음 승선한 실습 기관사가 선박 기기에 대한 다양한 경험을 쌓고 비상시에 대비할 수 있을 정도의 수준에 도달하려면 긴 시일과 많은 비용이 든다. 따라서 현장과 유사한 환경에서 짧은 시간내 체계적인 교육과 훈련을 통해 다양한 경험과 비상시 적절한 판단을 가능케 하도록 STCW-95 권고안을 따르는 여러 형태의 시뮬레이터가 개발되어 교육 훈련 도구로써 활용되고 있다. 현재 국내에서 운용되고 있는 기관시뮬레이터는 전량 외국에서 도입된 것으로서 국제협약의 개정이나 기술발전사항 등을 바로 반영하기 힘든 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 실습기관사가 보조 보일러, 배기 보일러 및 증기터빈과 같은 증기계통의 각종 장치간의 연관성을 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 하는 선박용 보조 보일러 시뮬레이터 개발에 대하여 논한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.820-824
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• 2014

TiNOx multi-layer thin films on aluminum substrates were prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method. 4 multi-layers of $TiO_2$/TiNOx(LMVF)/TiNOx(HMVF)/Ti/substrate have been prepared with ratio of Ar and ($N_2+O_2$) gas mixture. $TiO_2$ of top layer is anti-reflection layer on double TiNOx(LMVF)/TiNOx(HMVF) layers and Ti metal of infrared reflection layer. In this study, the crystallinity and surface properties of TiNOx thin films were estimated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), respectively. The grain size of TiNOx thin films shows to increase with increasing sputtering power. The composition of thin films has been investigated using electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The optical properties with wavelength spectrum were recorded by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry at a range of 200~1,500 nm. The TiNOx multi-layer films show the excellent optical performance beyond 9% of reflectance in those ranges wavelength.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.340-350
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to find out the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission and changes of soil carbon contents in the cropland. In order to minimize the soil disturbance, this study was conducted without crop cultivation at the pots treated with different biomass. Different biomass was buried in the soil for 12 months. Decomposition rates of expander rice hull, pig manure compost and carbonized rice hull were 18%, 11~11.5% and 0.5~1.2%, respectively. It was appeared that carbonized rice hull was slightly decomposed. No difference was shown between chemical fertilizer treatment plot and non-application plot. It was appeared that soil carbon content in the non chemical fertilizer application plot was high when compared to its chemical fertilizer. Its content at soil depth of 20 cm more decreased than the upper layer of soil. Accumulative emission of $CO_2$ with different treatments of biomass was highest of 829.0~876.6 g $CO_2m^{-2}$ in the application plot of PMC (Pig Manure Compost) regardless of chemical fertilizer treatment during 16 months of experiment. However, the emission for expander rice hull treatment plot was lowest of 672.3~808.1 g $CO_2m^{-2}$. For application plot of the carbonized rice hull, it was shown that non chemical fertilizer plot, 304.1 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$, was higher than the chemical fertilizer treatment, 271.6 mg $N_2Om^{-2}$. Greenhouse gas emissions in the PMC treatment were highest of 0.94 ton $CO_2eqha^{-1}yr^{-1}$. However, it was estimated to be the lowest in the expander rice hull treatment.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2014

This research was conducted to estimate methane emission from paddy field of 16 local government levels using the DNDC(DeNitrification-DeComposition) model from 1990 to 2010. Four treatments used in DNDC model for methane emission calculations were (1) midseason drainage with rice straw, (2) midseason drainage without rice straw, (3) continuous flooding with rice straw, and (4) continuous flooding without rice straw. Methane emissions at continuous flooding with rice straw were the highest ($471kg\;C\;ha^{-1}$) while were the lowest ($187kg\;C\;ha^{-1}$) at midseason drainage without rice straw. The average methane emission for 21 years was the highest ($1,406Gg\;CO_{2-eq}$.) in Jeonnam province because of its large cultivation area. Jeju province had the highest the average methane emission per unit area due to the organic content in soil.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2016

The major greenhouse gases (GHGs) in agricultural sector are methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). GHGs emissions are estimated by pertinent source category in a guideline book from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) such as methane from rice paddy, nitrous oxide from agricultural soil and crop residue burning. The methods for estimation GHGs emissions in agricultural sector are based on 1996 and 2006 IPCC guideline, 2000 and 2003 Good Practice Guidance. In general, GHG emissions were calculated by multiplying the activity data by emission factor. The total GHGs emission is $10,863Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from crop cultivation in agricultural sector in 2013. The emission is divided by the ratio of greenhouse gases that methane and nitrous oxide are 64% and 34%, respectively. Each gas emission according to the source categories is $7,000Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from rice paddy field, $3,897Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from agricultural soil, and $21Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from field burning, respectively. The GHGs emission in agricultural sector had been gradually decreased from 1990 to 2013 because of the reduction of cultivation. In order to compare with indirect emissions from agricultural soil, each emission was calculated using IPCC default factors (D) and country specific emission factors (CS). Nitrous oxide emission by CS applied in indirect emission, as nitrogen leaching and run off, was lower about 50% than that by D.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2016

Nitrous oxide is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases and its concentration has increased from 273 ppb in 1,750 to 315 ppb in 2005. Specially, nitrogen fertilizer used in agricultural soils is considered as an important source of atmospheric $N_2O$ emission. This study was conducted to estimate the difference of nitrous oxide emission as chamber position on furrow and ridge and crop existence in gas sampling chamber on upland. Four treatments used in this experiment were (1) no-fertilizer without crop in chamber on ridge, (2) fertilizer application without crop in chamber on ridge, (3) fertilizer application with crop in chamber on ridge, (4) fertilizer application without crop in chamber on ridge and furrow. Nitrous oxide emission at fertilizer application with crop in chamber on ridge were the highest while were the lowest at no-fertilizer without crop in chamber on ridge. There was no significant difference of nitrous oxide emission by chamber position, but total emission by crop existence in chamber was significant difference. Therefore, in order to estimate greenhouse gases emission using chamber method in upland, it should be considered in correlation with crop existence in chamber and characteristic changes like as the soil moisture, microbial flora by crop growth stage.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

연안의 양식 어장에서 식량자원으로 주로 생산되는 양식 패류는 성장에 따라 탄소가 저장된 패각을 형성한다. 수확된 패류를 식량자원으로 사용하고 남겨지게 되는 패각 부분을 탄소저장기능이 있는 방법으로 재활용할 경우, 탄소수지 개선 효과가 있다는 것이 여러 연구를 통해 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 해양 패류의 개체성장에 따른 패각 내 이산화탄소의 생성과 저장에 대한 기작을 분석하였고 자연 패류 및 양식 패류의 생산성 향상을 통하여 일반적으로 얻어지는 탄소수지 추정에 대하여 고찰하였다. 또한 양식 패류 생산의 부산물로 얻어지는 패각의 재활용방안에 대하여 분석하였으며 마지막으로 탄소저장 기능성을 가진 재활용 방법이 활용될 경우에 대한 탄소수지를 추정함으로써 온실가스 감축에 대한 잠재효과를 고찰하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.842-847
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• 2012

본 연구는 국가 온실가스 배출량 평가에서 향후 적용될 2006 IPCC 신규 가이드라인을 적용하여 16개 지자체별로 경종부문 온실가스 배출량을 평가하고 배출량 차이를 분석하고자 수행하였다. 지자체 별 경종부문 온실가스 배출량을 평가한 결과 전남 (JN)지역에서 가장 많은 배출량을 차지하였으며, 연 평균 배출량 또한 가장 많은 양을 차지하였다. 온실가스 종류($CH_4$, $N_2O$, $CO_2$)별 배출량 및 배출원 (벼 재배, 농경지 토양, 작물잔사 소각 및 요소 시용)별 배출량을 분석한 결과 또한 전남 (JN)에서 가장 많은 양을 차지하였다. 전남 (JN) 지역에서 배출량이 많았던 주요 원인은 작물 재배면적이 가장 넓기 때문이며 이에 따른 작물생산량, 질소 비료 시용량 및 요소 시용량 또한 많았기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 작물잔사 소각에 의한 온실가스 배출량은 경종부문 총 배출량에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. Top-down 방법을 적용하여 산정한 국가 온실가스 배출량과 2006 신규 가이드라인을 적용하여 Bottom-up 방법으로 산정한 지자체별 배출량을 비교한 결과 1990년의 경우 이번 배출량 평가에서 더 적은 배출량을 나타냈으며, 가장 큰 원인은 이번 산정에서는 2006 가이드라인의 기본 배출 계수를 사용하였기 때문이며, 가축분뇨 투입에 따른 질소 배출량 기본 계수값이 더 작기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 좀 더 정확한 지자체별 배출량 평가와 분석을 위해서는 작물별 재배면적, 생산량, 화학비료 및 가축분뇨 투입량 등의 활동자료 뿐만이 아닌 지자체 고유의 영농방법 (물 관리 방법, 유기물 시용 방법 등)에 대한 활동자료 구축과 더불어 이를 적용한 배출량 산정이 필요하다. 국가 온실가스 배출량 산정 시 기본 계수를 사용할 경우 국내의 농업환경을 반영하기에는 많은 한계가 있으며, 불확도 또한 클 수밖에 없다. 향후, 2006 신규 가이드라인을 적용하고 국내 농업환경을 반영할 수 있는 Tier 2 수준의 온실 가스 배출량 산정을 위해서는 국가 고유의 배출계수 개발과 더불어 신뢰도 높은 활동자료를 구축하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.405-408
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• 2007

Semi-solid Al-Zn-Mg alloys were produced using a cooling plate method in order to investigate the extrudability. Al melt was poured on cooling plate which was adjusted at $60^{\circ}$ with respect to the horizontal plane, and the melt was cooled by water circulation underneath. Obtained Semi-solid feedstock has globular microstructure but also contains considerable amount of gas pore. Due to the pore, tensile elongation of the semi-solid feedstock was very low and it doesn't show yield point phenomenon. Isothermal hot extrusion was carried out using at $400^{\circ}C$ with a ram speed of 1mm/sec and an extrusion ratio of 25:1. The extruded bar show noticeably improved tensile ductility and strength because pore volume fraction decreased from 5% to 0.8% after extrusion. Mechanical properties of the semi-solid extruded bar were compared with that of commercial casting alloy..

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.688-693
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• 2006

Glucosinolates are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase and are mainly found in cruciferous vegetables such as Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). lsothiocyanates (ITCs) are glucosinolate degradation products with reported anticarcinogenic properties. Korean Chinese cabbage in the form of 'kimchi' is a staple part of the Korean diet. In this study, we examined the effects of storage temperature and duration on glucosinolate, ITC, soluble sugar, and organic acid levels in kimchi. Changes in pH and the impact of various parts of the Korean Chinese cabbage being used during the preparation of the dish were also assessed. Extracted ITC levels, analyzed via gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were higher in the midrib parts than in the cabbage leaves after storage at both 4 and $20^{\circ}C$. During storage, organic acid levels increased while soluble sugars were depleted. The pH initially increased (after 1 day at $20^{\circ}C$, and 1 week at $4^{\circ}C$), but subsequently decreased over time at both temperatures. Glucosinolate and ITC levels increased in the beginning of storage but then generally fell during further storage. Our data suggest that acidity-related reduction in myrosinase activity during storage may decrease glucosinolate and ITC levels. The changes in these levels depended on the storage conditions and the Korean Chinese cabbage parts used for the kimchi preparation.