• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 2020

Background: Based on the importance of ceasing smoking programs to control the regional disparity of smoking behavior in Korea, this study aims to reveal the variation of smoke rate and determinants of it for 229 provinces. An evaluation of the relative efficiency of the cease smoking program under the consideration of regional characteristics was followed. Methods: The main sources of data are the Korean Statistical Information Service and a national survey on the expenditure of public health centers. Multivariate regression is performed to figure the determinants of regional variation of smoking rate. Based on the result of the regression model, clustering analysis was conducted to group 229 regions by their characteristics. Three clusters were generated. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), relative efficiency scores are calculated. Results from the pooled model which put 229 provinces in one model to score relative efficiency were compared with the cluster-separated model of each cluster. Results: First, the maximum variation of the smoking rate was 16.9%p. Second, sex ration, the proportion of the elder, and high risk drinking alcohol behavior have a significant role in the regional variation of smoking. Third, the population and proportion of the elder are the main variables for clustering. Fourth, dissimilarity on the results of relative efficiency was found between the pooled model and cluster-separated model, especially for cluster 2. Conclusion: This study figured regional variation of smoking rate and its determinants on the regional level. Unconformity of the DEA results between different models implies the issues on regional features when the regional evaluation performed especially on the programs of public health centers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5115-5122
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• 2013

This paper has studied about the development and application of landslide collapse prediction real-time monitoring system based on USN to detect and measure the collapse of landslide. The rainfall measuring sensor, gap water pressure sensor, indicator displacement measuring sensor, index inclination sensor, water content sensor and image analysis sensor are selected and these are applied on the test bed. Each sensor's operation and performance for reliability verification is tested by the instrument which is installed in the field. As the result, u-IT based real-time landslide monitoring system which is developed by this research for landslide collapse detection could minimize life and property damages because it makes advance evacuation with collapse risk pre-estimate through real-time monitoring on roadside cut and bedrock slopes. This system is based on the results of this study demonstrate the effect escarpment plan are spread throughout.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.75-85
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• 2020

The application of Internet technology has created enormous impact on banking sector with the implementation of many techno-oriented services like Internet banking, EFT, branchless banking, Automated Clearing House (ACH) transactions etc. Study of customer's attitude in terms of trust, perceived risk and ease of use of a particular technology is as an important parameter for acceptance or rejection of a technology. To explore the customers'attitude for Internet banking this research is undertaken. The research is carried out in Pokhara valley which is the second largest city and tourism capital of Nepal. The study employs descriptive research design with stratified sampling procedure for eight top commercial banks. A set of 25 customers is taken from each selected 8 banks making a sample size of 200 respondents. A fixed set of question related to demographic factors is provided personally or by visiting the location of the customers of Internet banking service and collected accordingly. Reliability test is performed using Cronbach's alpha and data is analyzed using inferential statistics to present the results of the study. This study provides knowledge on the current scenario of Internet banking and helps banks in cost saving, mass customization, product innovation, improved marketing and communication. This study is very important for financial institutions like banks, government agencies and business houses to understand the perception of customers towards Internet banking and technology as a whole. The study also supplements the gap in literature on technology and banking in Nepal and serves as an important knowledge base.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.199-208
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• 2017

This study investigates the components and rating system of reliable technology credit information for a technology finance donor who is a consumer of the information and aims to create an effective and optimal technology credit appraisal system to enlarge technology finance supply. Firstly, we calculate the optimal TCAR which becomes the maximum AUROC through the combination of ratio change, verify the substitution possibility between TAR and CR through the existing CR and system gap simulation, and propose a rating system by which financial institutes can utilize the TCAR as a credit rating. As a result, 70% : 30% is the most suitable as the weighted combination ratio of credit rating : technology rating. As a result of this study, we confirmed the possibility that the technical credit rating information could be substituted by the credit rating or the technology appraisal rating. Furthermore, it also suggests that sophisticated risk management is possible through using technology credit rating that are combined with credit and technology appraisal rating.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.94-118
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• 2013

Innovation plays a large role in green growth. While it is a widely accepted view that, without innovation, it would be very difficult and costly to address major environmental issues, innovation itself tends to be constrained by limited access to eco-financing and is inherently risky, often requiring a long-term horizon. Although global consensus is more or less established as to the urgency and necessity of accelerating green innovation, the quality and quantity of financing in this area is largely insufficient, with increasing funding gaps in many countries. A new financial mechanism is urgently needed in order to re-orient financial flow and enable innovators to overcome the valleys of death that occur throughout the innovation cycle. A number of different modalities exist in financing the commercialisation of eco-innovation. Existing mechanisms have not been as successful as expected, revealing critical limits to furthering certain types of projects that are essential for economic and environmental progress. Experts' estimations have shown that the funding gap will widen in the coming years as demand for clean energy and green infrastructure rises, and as green technologies and innovation develop faster than the market for it can develop. Against this backdrop, the main purpose of this research is threefold: to identify issues and problems regarding current means of funding for eco-innovation and green projects; to provide insight into securing longterm green financing by looking at European cases; and ultimately to suggest policy implications for designing and implementing eco-specific financial instruments, focusing on governments' roles in sustainable financing for eco-innovation. This study analyses different models of financing mechanisms, a mix of public and private funds, in view of suggesting conditions for the sustainable financing of green projects, especially for large-scale high-risk projects. Based on the findings from the analyses of mechanisms and the shortcomings of the existing funding modalities, this study ultimately suggests policy implications for effectively supporting the commercialisation of eco-innovation.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2002

The main objective of this research aims at analyzing efficiency of government financial transfers(GFTs) to the Korean fisheries sector, using the Linear Structural Relations model(i.e., LISERL model) and the field survey data. Most policies of GFTs tend to be implemented to protect industries with weak competitive advantages such as infant and/or primary industries. Specific policy instruments include income transfers, government loans with lower interest rates, taxes and the like. Fishing activities are made at a highly changeable natural environment of the ocean with a great amount of risk and uncertainty. Fishing households make their livelihood under the small-scale fisheries. Such fisheries and fishing households have also a relatively weak market power. Because of these fisheries characteristics most coastal states have adopted a variety of government support programs. However, despite such a huge government support, during the past several decades the world fishing communities have seen a tendency of continuous fishereis resource overexploitation. For this resason there have been hot debates over the government support policies for fisheries through OECD, FAO, WTO, and UNEP. In general, policy evaluations tend to be made on the basis of benefit-cost(B/C) analysis. However, the B/C analysis may produce results quite different from real ones primarily due to many unmeasurable effects. Thus, the authors composed simple questionaires and let fishermen, government officials and academic people answer the questions. The survery was made in several ways such as post-mail and personal/group interviews. In recent years, for analysis of policy performances and effectiveness, the LISREL model has often been used, which consists of structural and measurement eqquations. This model has a good advantage of transforming unobservable variables to observable ones so that it helps construct endogenous cause and effect relationships among relevant variables. The evaluation was done from the two aspects: policy results and policy effectiveness. The policy result evaluation showed that there is a need for improvement for policy problem perception and decision-making process, while the policy effect evaluation suggested that the policy goals were successfully achieved and social justice was improved from the perspective of the entire society as well. However, the research results showed that the GFT policies rendered little contrubtion to narrowing down the gap between GFT beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries incomes.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2020

This study aimed to assess of beam-matching accuracy for an 8 MV beam between the same model linear accelerators(Linac) commissioned over two years. Two models were got the customer acceptance procedure(CAP) criteria. For commissioning data for beam-matched linacs, the percentage depth doses(PDDs), beam profiles, output factors, multi-leaf collimator(MLC) leaf transmission factors, and the dosimetric leaf gap(DLG) were compared. In addition, the accuracy of beam matching was verified at phantom and patient levels. At phantom level, the point doses specified in TG-53 and TG-119 were compared to evaluate the accuracy of beam modelling. At patient level, the dose volume histogram(DVH) parameters and the delivery accuracy are evaluated on volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) plan for 40 patients that included 20 lung and 20 brain cases. Ionization depth curve and dose profiles obtained in CAP showed a good level for beam matching between both Linacs. The variations in commissioning beam data, such as PDDs, beam profiles, output factors, TF, and DLG were all less than 1%. For the treatment plans of brain tumor and lung cancer, the average and maximum differences in evaluated DVH parameters for the planning target volume(PTV) and the organs at risk(OARs) were within 0.30% and 1.30%. Furthermore, all gamma passing rates for both beam-matched Linacs were higher than 98% for the 2%/2 mm criteria and 99% for the 2%/3 mm criteria. The overall variations in the beam data, as well as tests at phantom and patient levels remains all within the tolerance (1% difference) of clinical acceptability between beam-matched Linacs. Thus, we found an excellent dosimetric agreement to 8 MV beam characteristics for the same model Linacs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.567-575
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• 2021

This study was aimed to identify surgical ward nurses' importance-performance awareness toward early mobilization after abdominal surgery patients. The date were collected from 162 nurses and the importance and performance of early mobilization were analyzed by the IPA method. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 by implementing descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Early mobilization was divided into exercise of pulmonary complications and early ambulation. As a result of the study, the areas requiring concentration were 'check risk of aspiration', and areas requiring improvement were 'oral care', 'check lung sound', 'percussion/vibration', 'suction', and 'reinforcement exercise in bed'. Therefore, each item of early mobilization is recommended to reduce the gap between importance and performance in clinical care.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.443-456
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• 2019

Objectives: Children are exposed to various environmental pollutants through contact with children's products. We investigated the KC mark, certification number, and contained substances labeled on children's products through market research and collected the toxicological data on these substances. Methods: The environmentally hazardous substances labeled on children's products (n=6576), including toys (n=2812), personal care products (n=2212), stationary/books (n=1333), and playground equipment (n=219) were examined. For the components that could be identified by CAS number, toxicological data on oral, inhalation, and dermal routes, cancer slope factor, and reference dose were collected. Results: Among the investigated products, KC marks or certification numbers were found for 4557 products (69.3%). Except for cosmetics and cleansers, the material information was labeled on most of the products. The frequency of labeling substance information in toys and stationary/books was low since this information could be omitted if KC certification was obtained. In the target products, 617 substances were identified by CAS number, and polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyester were the most frequently displayed. Chronic toxicity data was found for only 32.4% of individual components, and information on toxicity through the dermal route was also highly limited. Conclusion: Our study suggested that labeling guidelines should be required to identify the environmentally hazardous substances contained in children's products. In addition, the toxicological data on many ingredients in children's products were insufficient. The data gap for toxicity data should be filled for future risk assessment.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Purpose - Currently, the economic globalization has become a common channel for China's enterprise to perform the international economic activities. Due to this background, this paper tries to analyze the influence of internationalization level on operation performance of enterprises. Research design, data, and Methodology - This paper aims at 296 companies going listed in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The data about the listed companies during the 12 years from 2005 to 2016 have been collected. Relevant theories, including the theory of comparative advantage, monopolistic advantage and product life cycle in developed countries as well as the small scale technology and state on localized technological capacities in developing countries, have been summarized to provide theoretical basis for the influence of international operation on operation performance of the enterprises. Moreover, the current status of international operation of China's enterprises, including the dynamic cause of the internationalization of China's enterprises, its competitive advantage and disadvantage as well as the interest and potential risk of the internationalization, have been also analyzed. Results - Via adopting the panel data to conduct an empirical analysis, It can be found that the relationship between international operation level and operation performance of China's enterprises can be expressed as the S-curve of declining, rising and declining again. Conclusions - This paper has taken the lead in using Ohlson corporate value model to fill the gap in the relevant researches in China. It can also provide guidance for the international operation of China's enterprises. Meanwhile, the two systems for international operation and performance evaluation index have been put forward. The performance of international operation can be classified as financial performance or corporate value so that the operation effect of those China's enterprises going abroad can be better evaluated.