• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2015

Explant culture condition of dorsal root ganglion have been used to investigate the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury, while applying for the various clinical symptom such as trauma, pressure, and stretch. However, explant culture is usually contaminated by mitotic cells, which may observed as a newly divided cells including fibroblast or glia. The mitotic cells could be able to interrupt and change the cell signaling that make it difficult to avoid detrimental effects during the experiments. To eliminate mitotic cells, anti-mitotic reagents like mixture of uridine and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine or cytosine arabinoside were added to the cultures on the following day, but there is no research that investigate viability of anti-mitotic reagent in dorsal root ganglion explant culture. In this study, we investigate inhibition effect of cytosine arabinoside to mitotic cells in dorsal root ganglion explant culture. Also we visualized and analyzed anti-mitotic effect and toxicity of cytosine arabinoside in various concentration condition. This dorsal root ganglion explant culture condition can be applied to research that effect and mechanism of various stimulation and chemical application which affect peripheral nerve regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2019

Background: Ganglion impar blockade is a reliable and effective treatment option used in patients with coccydynia. Our primary objective was to specify the role of corticosteroids in impar blockade. We compared applications of local anesthetic with the local anesthetic + corticosteroid combination in terms of treatment efficiency in patients with chronic coccydynia. Methods: Our study was a prospective randomize double-blind study. The patients were divided into 2 groups after randomization. The first group (group SL) was made up of patients where a corticosteroid + local anesthetic were used during ganglion impar blockade. In the second group (group L) we used only local anesthetic. We evaluated numeric rating scale (NRS) and Beck depression scale, which were employed before the procedure and in 1st and 3rd months after the procedure. Results: Seventy-three patients were included in the final analysis. We detected a significantly greater decrease in NRS values in the 1st month in group SL than in group L (P = 0.001). In the same way, NRS values in the 3rd month were significantly lower in the group with steroids (P = 0.0001). During the evaluation of the Beck test, we detected significantly greater decreases in the 1st month (P = 0.017) and 3rd month (P = 0.021) in the SL group than in the L group. Conclusions: Ganglion impar blockade decreases pain in the treatment of chronic coccydynia and improve depression. Addition of steroids in a ganglion impar blockade is required for treatment response that should accumulate over a long period of time.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2020

Objectives: Ganglion cysts require a sustainable treatment that suppresses their frequent recurrence. This study aimed to explore the clinical effects of Scolopendra pharmacopuncture (SP) and electroacupuncture on ganglion cysts. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patient records and follow-up reports for 20 patients with wrist ganglion cysts who received SP and electroacupuncture from April 2016 to March 2017. The cyst diameter, recurrence, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, the Korean version of the disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (K-DASH) score, and the Korean version of the patient-rated wrist evaluation (K-PRWE) score before and after treatment were noted. Results: After treatment, the cyst diameter decreased significantly from 13.61 ± 6.41 mm to 5.15 ± 6.18 mm (p < 0.001), and VAS score for pain decreased from 1.31 ± 1.77 to 0.41 ± 0.33 (p = 0.021). Further, the K-DASH score decreased significantly from 8.97 ± 12.66 to 2.21 ± 7.39 (p = 0.016), and score for the function subscale of K-PRWE decreased from 11.37 ± 4.48 to 9.1 ± 3.67 (p = 0.046). No recurrences were reported from the followed-up patients. Any complication related to SP or electroacupuncture was not observed, except mild rash, itching, and swelling at the injection site in four patients. Conclusion: Combination of SP and electroacupuncture may be effective in treating ganglion cysts; further prospective studies with large population are needed to clarify the effect of SP and electroacupuncture.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2009

본 연구는 잘 알려진 통증모델을 대상으로 척수신경절세포의 변성과정을 경시적으로 관찰하고자 하였다. 10주령된 Sprague-Dawley 계통의 랫드를 실험동물로 사용하였고, pentobarbital (50mg/kg)로 마취상태에서 다섯째 허리신경(L5)의 앞가지를 결찰한 후 1일, 3일, 7일 실험군으로 구분하였다. 실험 1일과 3일군에서 작은 신경절세포에서 퇴행성변화가 먼저 관찰되었고, 중간 및 큰 신경절세포에서는 그 변화가 미약했다. 7일 실험군에서는 작은 신경절세포의 수가 크게 감소하였던 반면, 중간 및 큰 신경절세포에서는 큰 변화가 없었다. 전자현미경 소견으로는 작은 신경절세포의 경우 초기 1일 및 3일군에서 미토콘드리아의 능선의 변형과 부종이 관찰되었으며, 세포질은 검게 변성되었다. 반면 큰 신경절세포의 경우 모든 실험군에서 변형된 세포가 관찰되지 않았으며, 소기관들도 잘 보존되었다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면, 척수신경 결찰에 의한 통증자극으로 랫드 척수신경절 내 작은 신경절세포는 다른 신경절세포에 비해 퇴행성변화가 빠르게 나타났으며, 미토콘드리아 등 세포질소기관의 부종을 동반한 암적화변성(dark degeneration)을 통해 사멸되었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제16권1_2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

아프리카왕달팽이 Achatina fulica의 내장신경 절과 우체벽신경절은 좌, 우 양반구로 구성된 나비모습을 하고 있으며, 이들 신경절의 피질부와 수질부의 표피부위에는 신경세포가 밀집되어 있는 반면 중앙부위에는 신경섬유가 망상형으로 신경망을 구성하고 있었다. 두 신경절의 피질부 및 수질부에 위치한 신경세포들은 초대형신경세포(200 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상)와 대형신경세포(직경 60-70 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상), 중형신경세포(직경 30-40 $\mu\textrm{m}$) 그리고 소형신경세포(직경 10-15 $\mu\textrm{m}$) 등 4종류로 구분할 수 있었다. 초대형 및 대형신경세포는 20-22개 정도로 매우 소수가 관찰된 반면, 중형신경세포(약 400-500개)와 소형신경세포(약 700-800개)는 다수가 관찰되었다. AB/AY 이중염색반응에서 초대형 신경세포는 light Yellow cell(LYC)로, 대형 및 중형신경세포는 yellow green cell (YGC)과 dark green cell(DGC) 등 두 종류로 그리고 소형신경세포는 yellow cell(YC)과 blue cell(BC) 등으로 각각 확인되었다. Somatostatin 면역염색반응에서 양성반응을 나타낸 DGC는 성장조절물질 분비의 억제에 관여하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 초대형 및 대형신경세포는 신경분비기능 이외 포식작용을 수행하는 것으로 각각 확인되었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

서론: 견갑상 신경 마비를 유발하는 극관절와 결절성 낭포에 대하여 여러 가지 치료 방법이 알려져 있으나, 술 후 잔존하는 낭포의 경과에 대한 보고는 미미한 실정이다 대상 및 방법: 견갑상 신경 마비를 동반한 극관절와 결절성 낭포에 대해 관절경적 감압술 및 상부 관절와순 봉합술 시행 후, 평균 15 (12~23)개월 추시 가능하였던 6예를 대상으로 하였다. 술후, 초음파 및 자기공명 영상으로 극관절와 결정성 낭포의 잔존 여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 수술 직후 시행한 초음파 검사상 5예에서 결절성 낭포가 잔존하고 있었으며, 1예의 경우완전 소실되었다. 술 후 3개월에 시행한 초음파 검사상 모든 예에서 잔여 낭포가 소실 되었고, 술후 1년에 시행한 자기공명영상에서도 재발된 경우는 없었다. 결론: 극관절와 결절성 낭포의 관절경적 감압술 및 상부관절와순 봉합술 후 잔존하는 낭포는 3개월 이내 자연 흡수되는 경향이 있는 것으로 판단한다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2002

목적 : 결절종에의해발생한견갑상 신경포착증후군환자에서수술적치료후결과를분석하고치료방법의개선을찾고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 1996년3월부터2001년5월까지진찰소견, 근전도, 자기공명영상소견에서결절종에의한견갑상신경포착증후군으로진단받은 13명의환자를대상으로하였다. 수술은결절종의개방적절제및감압술과관절경하검사를시행하였으며수술후의평가는근력의주관적인회복정도와American shoulder elbow surgeon (ASES)의평가법을이용하여분석하였다. 결과 : 수술후9예(69$\%$)에서간헐적인동통, 근력의불완전회복, 근위축의잔류로인한증상의지속소견이관찰되었으며4예(31$\%$)에서증상의완전회복소견을보였다. 수술후ASES 점수는평균86.4(70$\~$99.8)점이었으며수술전에비해수술후84$\%$의환자에서동통의호전과53$\%$의환자에서근력의호전을보였으나근위축은남아있었다. 결론 : 결절종에의한견갑상신경포착증후군은결절종의절제만으로는증상의완전한해소를기대하기어려우며, 수술시결절종에의한주병변이외에포착이다발성으로발생할가능성이있으므로결절종의제거및관절내병변의치료와함께견갑상절흔과견갑하절흔부위에서의신경에대한감압술을함께고려하는것이좋을것으로생각한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and fluorescene intensity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) immunoreactive cells in rat trigeminal ganglion after inferior alveolar nerve axotomy. The animals were divided into normal and two experimental groups. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 14th and 28th day after inferior alveolar nerve axotomy. The trigeminal ganglion was removed and immersed in the 4% paraformaldehyde-0.2% picric acid in 0.1M phosphate buffer. Serial frozon sections about $16{\mu}m$ in thickness were cut with a cryostat. The immunofluorescence staining was performed. The rabbit anti-VIP(1 : 8,000) was used as primary antibody and fluorescene isothiocynate(FITC)-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG(1 : 80) as secondary antibody. The slides were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope. Three-dimensional images were constructed from 9 serial images(each $1{\mu}m$ in thickness) made by automatic optical sectioning. Unprocessed optical sections were obtained and stored on a optical disk. Color picture were printed by a video copy processor. The results were as follows; 1. The appearance of VIP immunoreactive cells in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion was 8.79${\pm}$1.99% in normal group and 39.16${\pm}$5.62% in 14 days, 16.25${\pm}$2.39% in 28 days after inferior alveolar nerve axotomy groups. 2. The relative fluorescence intensity of VIP immunoreactive cell bodies in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion was 134.40${\pm}$10.39 in normal group and 192.88${\pm}$14.06 in 14 days, 143.10${\pm}$5.02 in 28 days after nerve axotomy groups. Therefore, the relative fluorescence intensity of 14 days after nerve axotomy group was 43.3% higher than intensity of normal group. 3. In optical single section analysis of VIP immunoreactive cell bodies, white cell bodies(moderate fluorescence intensity) were the most abundant in normal and 28 days after nerve axotomy groups. Whereas, in 14 days after nerve axotomy group, red cell bodies(high fluorescence intensity) were the most abundant. 4. In optical serial section analysis of VIP immunoreactive cell bodies, red cell bodies(high fluorescence intensity) were observed in a part of the 9 sections of normal and 24 days after nerve axotomy groups. Whereas, red cell bodies were observed in all of the 9 sections of 14 days after nerve axotomy group. 5. The results indicates that number and fluorescence intensity of VIP immunoreactive cells were increased in the mandibular part of trigeminal ganglion following inferior alveolar nerve axotomy.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.54-57
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• 1997

Background : The tonsillar region is innervated by the sensory components of the glossopharyngeal nerve(IX) which communicates with certain part of cervical sympathetic ganglion. Some authors suggest stellate ganglion block(SGB) is effective for treatment of recurrent tonsillitis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of SGB in controlling pain after tonsillectomy. Methods : Forty five patients, evaluated to ASA class 1 and 2, scheduled for tonsillectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (group I: control; group II: SGB with 1% lidocaine 5 ml; group III: SGB with 2% lidocaine 2.5 ml plus 0.5% bupivacaine 2.5 ml), SGB was performed at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed with Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) NRS assessment was made 30, 60, 90 min, 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h after tonsillectomy. Results : Pain scores, after 30 min in group II, III and 60, 90 min in group III were significantly lower than group I(p<0.05). Conclusions : We found SGB was effective in controlling pain after tonsillectomy but further studies are required needs to prolong duration of relief..

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.82-85
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• 1997

Destruction of the gasserian ganglion can be carried out by creating a radiofrequency lesion under biplanar fluoroscopic guidance. This procedure is reserved for patients who have failed various interventions for intractable trigeminal neuralgia including retro-gasserian injection of glycerol and whose physical status otherwise precludes more invasive neuro-surgical treatments such as microvascular decompression. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion provides a safe method of achieving long-standing relief from trigeminal neuralgia with low risk. This technique is currently emerging worldwide as the surgical treatment of choice for trigeminal neuralgia. Recently we performed a successful radiofrequency gasserian ganglionotomy, without any complication, under fluoroscopic guidance. The procedure was successful and complete pain relief was achieved for a patient who already had treatments of various interventions including microvascular decompression but never experienced pain relief.