• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.4 s.62
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Incheon adjacent sea, and antimicrobial effect on growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide and combination of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The detected strains were compared geographical, months and sample types. The distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was high at Ganghwa county with 66.1%(336 samples), on 7-9 months with 72.4%(386 samples) and from tireland with 75.0%(90 samples), respectively. The minimun inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lactic acid in Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 1250 ppm at pH 6.5 and 7.0, 625 ppm at pH 6.0. respectively. The minimun inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hydrogen peroxide in Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 25 ppm at pH 6.5 and 7.0, 12.5 ppm at pH 6.0, respectively. MICs of combined treatment of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide in Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 625 ppm of lactic acid with 12.5 ppm of hydrogen peroxide. The correlations between MICs of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide in Vibrio parahaemolyticus were obtained through the coefficient of determination($R^2$). $R^2$ value were 1.0000. The antimicrobial effect of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide in Vibrio parahaemolyticus could be confirmed from the result of this experiment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.326-331
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• 2008

To search for immunoactive natural products exerting anti-inflammatory activity, we have evaluated the effects on the water extracts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (APP) on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production by RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Our data indicate that this extract is a potent inhibitor of NO production and it also significantly decreased PGE2 and TNF-$\alpha$ production. Consistent with these results, the protein and mRNA expression level of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was inhibited by water extracts of APP in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that APP may exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects possibly by suppressing the inducible NO synthase and COX-2 expressions.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this survey is to investigate the recognition of parents' attending oriental childcare class, as a part of an oriental health promotion programs in a health center. Methods: During 2010, 74 parents participated in the pre-survey and 61 parents participated in the post-survey at the Kimpo, Kyeongju and Ganghwa health center. Results: 1. 77% of the participants didn't recognize the existence of Oriental childcare center. 49% of participants were informed by health center. 2. In terms of preferences on oriental versus western medicine, 76% of participants preferred western medicine as compared to the oriental medicine but, some wanted to use both medical treatments 3. Recognition levels in importance of childcare education on post-survey were significantly elevated to the pre-survey(p<0.05), and the childcare education helped parents to breed children better. Participants want to recommend neighbors to participate in childcare class. 4. Levels of common senses about childcare on post-survey were significantly elevated compared to pre-survey(p<0.05), but levels of common senses about oriental childcare were not elevated. 5. 77% of the participants satisfied with the childcare class. Conclusions: The oriental childcare class sessions in health center have helped parents to recognize the importance of childcare education and common senses about childcare.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2009

In order to identify secondary metabolites, the root of Brassica rapa was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, four secondary metabolites were isolated through the repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatographies. From the result of spectroscopic data including NMR and MS, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as 4-(methoxymethyl)phenol (1), ${\alpha}$-methoxy-2,5-furandimethanol (2), phenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), and 2-phenylethyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4). They were isolated for the first time from Brassica rapa.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2009

Hepatic fibrosis is one of chronic liver diseases which spread in worldwide and it has high risk to turn advanced cirrhosis and hepatocellualr carcinoma. Brassica family has been produced for commercial purpose and in Korea Brassica rapa (Turnip) is cultivated in Ganghwa County, Gyeonggi-do Korea and used for making Kimchi. Recently pharmacological effects of turnip have been known; diabete mellitus modulation, alcohol oxidization, and fibrosis inhibition. In previous study we found antifibrogenic effect of turnip water extract and in this study we made turnip nanoparticle to promote turnip delivery into liver. At the same time we assessed the biological safety of turnip nanoparticle. Thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatic nodular formation and fibrosis (mean of fibrosis score: 4). However, 1% turnip nanoparticle inhibited TAA-induced hepatic nodular formation and fibrosis (mean of fibrosis score: 2-3). Activities of serum enzymes (aspartic acid transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and total bilirubin (T-Bil)), complete blood count (CBC), and the appearance of organs were not different from control and 1% turnip nanoparticle treatment. Conclusively 1% turnip nanoparticle significantly reduced TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis and was safe in 7-weeks feeding.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate biological activities of Brassica rapa (Turnip) plant callus extracts of Ganghwa-gun of Incheon city using water, ultrasonic wave and ethanol extractions to develop functional materials. DPPH radical scavenging activities of the callus extracts were increased in a concentration-dependent manner, as compared with control. The astringent effects of the ethanol extracts were higher, as compared to water and ultrasonic extracts. In the collagen synthesis assay, the ethanol extract showed significant anti-wrinkle effects of 59% and 78% at a concentration of 5 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively. These results suggested that water, ultrasonic wave and ethanol extracts of turnip plant calluses are natural antioxidant sources. Especially, the ethanol extract can be regarded as a functional, natural cosmetic material with astringent and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

A case study was conducted for a severe wintertime dust event that occurred on December 29, 2007 in Korea. Three different dust emission schemes, namely, those of Marticorena and Bergametti (1995), Lu and Shao (1999), and Shao (2004) (hereinafter, referred to MB, LS, and S04 schemes, respectively) were implemented in Weather Research Forecast with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) to assess their performance in simulating wintertime Asian dust events. WRF/Chem simulation reproduces dust emission over Mongolia on December 27 and 28, 2007 and the onset timing of the dust event in Korea well. There is, however, a huge difference among the estimated dust emission amounts for the three schemes; the dust concentration derived by MB scheme is 6 times larger than that from LS scheme. The three schemes overestimate dust concentrations when comparing to observed surface-level $PM_{10}$ mass concentrations in Ganghwa, Seoul, and Yeongwol. This discrepancy is thought to be mainly due to the overestimated model winds and the surface condition such as snow cover fraction, which did not adequately represent the real conditions. Considering frozen soil effect on dust emission, the model results are comparable with observation data: it is important to consider frozen soil in simulating wintertime dust events.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2011

한강하구지역의 강화해협은 한강, 임진강과 예성강의 강물이 흘러들어오는 하구형 수로로서 폭이 좁고, 유속이 매우 빠른 특성을 갖는다. 또한 조류(潮流)의 영향을 강하게 받아 상당량의 유량을 경기만으로 내보내고, 한강의 상류로부터 유입되는 상당량의 물질이 하구로 운반되어 침전하여 쌓이거나 하류의 외해로 배출하는 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 한강하류부에 위치한 강화해협의 유 무에 따른 한강과 임진강의 흐름특성 변화를 분석하였다. 수치모의를 위해 복잡한 하구지역의 물의 흐름해석이 가능한 일차원적인 모델링 도구인 MIKE 11 모형을 이용하여 정류 및 부정류 해석을 실시하였다. 상류경계조건은 홍수 시 방류량이 크게 증가하는 홍수기 유량과 조위의 영향을 많이 받는 평수기 시 유량으로 설정하였고, 하류경계조건은 평수기를 비롯하여 홍수기에도 임진강과 한강의 유량에 영향을 미치는 서해 조위로 설정하였다. 강화해협의 폐쇄에 따른 수위 변화의 영향은 홍수기 시 실제 강우 사상을 모의 하였을 때 최대 8.21% 수위가 상승하였으며, 200년 빈도 계획홍수량을 모의한 결과로는 정류 해석의 경우 최대 8.25%의 변화율을 보였고, 부정류 해석의 경우 최대 13.08%의 변화율을 보였다. 평수기는 창조기에 수위 변화가 적었던 반면 낙조기에는 창조기에 비해 수위 변동이 심하게 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 강화해협 뿐만 아니라 해양생태계의 중요한 가치를 지니고 있는 한강하구의 다른 수로에 의한 영향을 분석함으로써 수로의 중요성을 평가하고, 2차원 수치해석 등을 통한 다양한 분석을 실행하여, 홍수 및 해양환경 훼손으로부터 하구 환경을 보호하는 보다 정량적인 대응체계가 정립되어야할 것으로 사료된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.557-565
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• 2015

Sea level rise due to global warming causes seawater intrusion into aquifers in coastal areas. Seawater intrusion vulnerability index was developed using PSR (Pressure, State, Response) model and analysis hierarchy process (AHP). Coastal regions in Korea, Gangwon-do Sokcho-si, Incheon-si Ganghwa-gun, Chungcheongnam-do Taean-gun, Jeollanam-do Yeosu-si, Jindo-gun were chosen and 14 indicators were selected by considering the humanities, economic, social, environmental aspects. Re-scaling method was used for the standardization of indices and questionnaire survey was performed to calculate weight values for each index. The results showed that Yeosu-si was selected as the most vulnerable region to seawater intrusion. The seawater intrusion index developed in this research can be used to analyze the vulnerable regions to seawater intrusion and to establish a policy to minimize the seawater intrusion problems in coastal regions.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.743-752
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• 2020

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and level of periodontopathic bacteria with the general characteristics and oral health condition of the elderly. Methods: A total of 335 elderly individuals aged 65 years or older who lived in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, were included in the study. Oral examination, investigation through a questionnaire, and collection of saliva were carried out. The collected saliva was analyzed for the distribution and levels of bacteria (red and orange complex bacteria) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS statistical software version 9.4. Results: Among the general characteristics, there were significant differences in the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Parvimonas micra depending on sex, age, and dental visits (p<0.05). The number of remaining teeth and denture use were related to the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria, except T. denticola (p<0.05). Additionally, periodontitis was related to the distribution of P. gingivalis (p<0.05). As the number of remaining teeth increased, the copy number of red and orange complex bacteria also increased (p<0.05). Those individuals who did not use dentures and had periodontal disease had more periodontopathic bacteria (p<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria in the elderly were more related to oral health condition than to general characteristics. In particular, the distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria were higher in subjects with multiple remaining teeth, no dentures, and periodontal disease.