• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2022

The reported risk factors for gallstone disease (GD) are old age, female sex, obesity, metabolic syndrome and migrants. Many younger adults tend to live in Jeju City, where transportations are convenient and commercial activities are active. Whereas, older people tend to live in Seogwipo City, because they engaged in fisheries and agriculture. Rates of migrants and old age could affect the prevalence of GD among residents in two regions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the GD prevalence and analyze risk factors affecting GD including residencies. A total of 13,050 subjects who visited a single health medical check-up center on Jeju Island between 2012 and 2019 were included. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for GD. The prevalence of GD among residents were 5.7% in Jeju City and 5.8% in Seogwipo City, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (P=0.008), body mass index (P=0.044), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.006) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (P=0.013) were independent factors affecting GD. The old age, mean higher body mass index, gamma-glutamyl transferase and mean lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were independent risk factors affecting GD. However, residencies did not affect the prevalence of GD.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1211-1215
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• 2006

가뭄에 대한 대책을 수립하기 위해서는 가뭄의 심도 및 지속기간 등 가뭄특성을 산정하여 가뭄을 정량화 하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄을 해석하기 위하여 강수를 이용한 표준강수지수(SPI, Standardized precipitation Index)를 이용하여 가뭄 특성을 산정하였다. 서울지점은 강수의 근대 관측 기간이 약 100년 정도(1907년 ${\sim}$ 2003년) 이기 때문에 측우기 자료를 이용하여 조선 말까지(1770년 ${\sim}$ 1907년) 자료를 확장하여 가뭄지수를 산정하였다. 산정된 SPI로부터 절단 수준법 개념을 이용하여 SPI의 -1이하를 가뭄으로 정의 하고, 연속된 가뭄으로부터 가뭄 심도 및 가뭄 지속기간을 구하였다. 가뭄의 지속기간과 심도를 이변수 감마 분포(Bivariate Gamma Distribution)를 이용하여 가뭄의 재현특성을 분석하였고, 가뭄의 지속기간만을 고려한 재현기간과 본 연구에서 산정된 이변수 가뭄 재현기간을 서로 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.6
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• pp.50-57
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• 1997

TiO$_{2}$ tin films have been grown by MOCVD and their cahracteristics of crystallization and microstructures ahve been invetigated. Envelope mehtods are applied to the analysis of the transmission spectra to obtain the optical constants such as refractive indices and extinction coefficients for the TiO$_{2}$ thin films. The envelope methods are proved to be accurate by simulatin gthe transmission spectra. TiO$_{2}$ thin films start to crystallize at 350.deg.C and then crystallize fully into anatase phase at 400.deg.C or higher temperatures. Activation energies are obtained by plotting the deposition rate with varying the substrate temperature. It is 17.8 kcal/mol for the reaction limited regions. The refractive index and the extinction coefficient of the TiO$_{2}$ thin film at .gamma.=632.8 nm increases from 2.19 to 2.32 and decreases from 0.021 to 0.007, respectively, as the substrate temperature increases from 400 to 600.deg. C.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.285-292
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• 2001

In this paper, the analysis model of a composite electromagnetic interference environment is proposed, and the composite interference consists of three types, i.e., impulse, sinusoidal, and rectangular type. Also, we have derived the p.d.f of the amplitude of the composite interference. And using a derived p.d.f, we have evaluated the performance of 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) system in a composite electromagnetic interference environment. From the results, it is known that when impulse type interference is weaker than the others, the shape of p.d.f is dominantly governed by the power component ratio of sinusoidal and rectangular type interference. On the other hand, when impulse type interference is stronger, the effect of the other two interference becomes insignificant. Also, It is shown that the smaller both impulsive index (A) and the mean power component ratio ($\Gamma$') in impulse type interference are, the worse the performance of 16QAM system is.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological characteristics of the Sasang constitutions by using Braverman nature assessment (BNA). Methods: One hundred seventy-four students participated in this study, and among them, the 142 individuals who had clearly identified Sasang constitutional types were used for the analysis. Sasang constitutions and the Braverman temperaments of the subjects were determined by using a questionnaire for the Sasang constitution classification (QSCC) II and BNA, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was used to compare the inclinations of the Sasang constitutions and Braverman temperament types. Results: Significant differences in Braverman temperament type existed among the Sasang constitutions (P = 0.042), and the relations between Soyangin and the dopamine type and between Taeeumin and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type were meaningful. Significant differences were also shown in the comparison with the Yin and the Yang constitutions (P = 0.017), and the post-hoc analysis showed a strong and significant relation between the Yang constitution and the dopamine type and between the Yin constitution and the GABA type. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the independent t-test were conducted to examine the BMI and the degree of obesity among the Sasang constitutions and the Braverman temperament types. Concerning the BMI, Taeeumin showed a bigger BMI than the other constitutions (P < 0.001), but no significant differences in the BMI were observed between the Braverman temperament types. Conclusion: Soyangin has a close relationship to the dopamine type and Taeeumin has a close relationship to the GABA type. The correlation between two types were more clear when the Yin and the Yang types were compared to Braverman temperaments. These results may serve as a basis for identifying the psychological traits of Sasang constitutional types, especially in regard to the characteristics related to the four Braverman temperament types.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.595-605
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• 2018

In recent years, researches on organic-inorganic coating films have conducted a nanocomposite system composed of organic resin matrices having excellent flexibility and chemical stability and inorganic materials having excellent mechanical properties. The o-phenylphenoxyethyl acrylate (OPPEA) used as the acrylate monomer has a high refractive index of 1.58, and the bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BAEDA) has a low refractive index but improves the chemical stability of the organic resin. In addition, zirconia used as an inorganic material exhibits excellent durability and optical properties. In this study, the BAEDA contents in acrylate monomer were controlled to produce a film with suitable optical transparency. And optimum conditions were established by comparing the changes in surface properties of PET films detected with pencil hardness tester, Abbe's refractometer, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The hydrophobicity and the dispersibility of zirconia in acrylate monomer were much improved after modification with ${\gamma}$-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), which is a silane coupling agent. And the existence of ester C=O bond peak at $1716cm^{-1}$ introduced by MPS through FT-IR ATR spectrophotometer confirmed the completion of surface modification of zirconia with MPS. In addition, the presence of silicon atom on the surface modified zirconia was also proved using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. When the photocurable hybrid coating was prepared by introducing chemically modified zirconia into acrylate monomer, the refractive index of this coated PET film was improved by 1.2%, compared to the only acrylate coated PET film. The homogeneous distribution of zirconia in acrylate coating layer on PET film was also identified through SEM/EDS mapping analysis technique.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

Objectives: To examine the association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) activity level and blood pressure, serum lipids in the male residents of rural area, we analyzed cross-sectionally the data of 379 male health examinees aged 40 years and older from rural areas in Gyeongsangnam-do prefecture in Korea. Methods: Blood pressure and concentration of serum lipids were compared between high and low level of serum GGT activity by t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Possible confounding effects of age, body mass index and coffee drinking were adjusted by analysis of covariance. Results: Adjusted values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the group of high level of serum GGT activity in non-drinkers(P=0.055 and P=0.074 respectively) and drinkers(P=0.284 and P=0.398) of alcohol. Adjusted serum total cholesterol level was also higher in the group of high level of serum GGT activity in non-drinkers(P=0.052) but not in drinkers(P=0.981) of alcohol. In serum triglyceride, adjusted level was significantly higher in the group of high level of serum GGT activity in both non-drinkers(P=0.035) and drinkers(P=0.002) of alcohol. Conclusions: These results suggest the association of serum GGT activity and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, or blood pressure in non-drinkres of alcohol.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.287-293
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• 1998

Although serum gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT) has been widely used as a marker of alcoholic hepatic dysfunction, little is known as to behavioral correlates in the normal population. To examine the association between serum GGT activity and some behavioral factors in male rural population, data un health examination in a rural population (248 males aged 40 years and older) was analyzed Multiple linear regression and analysis of convariance were used to control the effect of confounding factors. Adjusted average differences in the level of serum GGT according to body mass index(BMI: $kg/m^2$) and alcohol intake(ml/day) were statistically significant(p=0.051 0<0.001 respectively). Serum GGT activity for BMII$\geq$25 was significantly higher than for BMI<25 in non-drinkers(p=0.007), but not significantly different in drinkers(p=0.892). Alcohol intake was significantly associated with elevated serum GGT activity for both BMI$\geq$25 and BMI<25(p<0.001, p=0.002 respectively). These findings suggest that alcohol drinking, obesity in non-drinkers are important factors associated with serum GGT in male rural population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.305-316
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• 2021

In this study, the effect of wearing functional compression pants is verified using a lower-limb wearable robot through a bio-signal analysis and subjective fit evaluation. First, the compression area to be applied to the functional compression pants is derived using the quad method for nine men in their 20s. Subsequently, functional compression pants are prepared, and changes in Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals when wearing the functional compression and normal regular pants inside a wearable robot are measured. The EEG and ECG signals are measured with eyes closed and open. Results indicate that the Relative alpha (RA) and Relative gamma wave (RG) of the EEG signal differ significantly, resulting in increased stability and reduced anxiety and stress when wearing the functional compression pants. Furthermore, the ECG analysis results indicate statistically significant differences in the Low frequency (LF)/High frequency (HF) index, which reflect the overall balance of the autonomic nervous system and can be interpreted as feeling comfortable and balanced when wearing the functional compression pants. Moreover, subjective sense is discovered to be effective in assessing wear fit, ease of movement, skin friction, and wear comfort when wearing the functional compression pants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.683-692
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• 2009

On-site remote sensing technique by using single lens reflex(SLR) digital camera will be expected as the useful tool for the vegetation measurement field such as a crop growth management, the monitoring of revegetation slope and the evaluation of environment. We reviewed the availability of the vegetation measurement using a digital camera which is sailed for general-purpose. As a result, we could analysis relationship with the illuminance of image plane and incidence energy of multitemporal observation images by doing gamma correction and exposure compensation. And also, we proposed the model formulas for the correction of influences of capturing angle and illuminance. In addition, we obtained high correlation of normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) between digital camera and spectral photometer.