• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.153-156
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• 2009

본 연구는 3 단계 각성 모드에 따른 자율신경계 반응 모델 구현에 대한 연구이다. 정신생리학(Psycho-Physiology)에서의 각성 시스템 모델은 Boucein(1992, 2006)에 의해 제안되었다. 각성 시스템 1 은 편도체(amygdala)활동과 관계한, 무의식수준에서 주의를 집중시키는 역할을 한다. 각성 시스템 2 는 해마(hippocampus)활동과 관계한, 인지적 각성 단계로서 상황-반응(situation-reaction) 대한 연결을 담당하는 역할을 한다. 각성 시스템 3 은 기저핵(basal ganglia)활동과 관계한, 몸운동(somatomotor)활동과 관계된 뇌 영역의 준비를 활성화시킨다. 각성 시스템은 상황의 변화나 특정 자극이 일어나면, 그에 해당하는 각성 모드에 의해 자율신경계(automatic nervous system)반응이 발생한다. 따라서, 자율신경계반응의 분석을 통하여 각성 시스템의 단계를 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구는 자율신경계반응 중 GSR(galvanic skin Response)과 SKT(skin temperature)분석을 통하여 3단계 각성 모드인 직관적, 인지적, 행동적 모드를 평가하는 연구이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The one of the most important factors is the platoon design on developing AH3(Advanced Highway System), as it is related to traffic efficiency and drivers' safety. This study was evaluated that how much speed is comfortable for drivers and how long distance is appropriate for vehicular gap of platoon by measuring drivers' physiology signal and sensibility. A fixed-based AHS simulator was developed by using a real vehicle cockpit and the restructured part of Korean highway for human factors evaluation. The EEG(electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram) and GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) were measured for obtaining drivers' physiology signal according to the change of speed and gap. The brain wave(${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\delta},\;{\theta}$) by EEG, the response of the autonomic nervous system. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, by ECG, and relax-arousal situation by GSR were analyzed. The SD(Semantic Differential) method was also applied to evaluate drivers' sensibility by 5-grade evaluation scale with 96 adjectives. SSQ(Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) was used to measure the simulator sickness of pre and post driving, two times. As the results, drivers were comfortable with 120km/h speed of platoon and lam to 15m vehicular distance. The results of this study may differ from the adaption of the reality because of many parameters. However, the purpose of this study is show to significant results of the drivers' safety and the acceptability of human factors evaluation.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 과제수행에 대하여 주관적 인지부하 요인과 GSR의 각성수준이 어떤 관계를 형성하고 있는지를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 인지부하 설문지(신체적 노력, 정신적 노력, 지각된 과제난이도, 자기평가, 자료설계의 용이성), 사전-사후검사, GSR에 의한 각성수준을 측정하였다. 사전검사는 학습자의 사전지식 수준을 의미하며, 사후검사는 과제수행의 결과를 의미한다. 이 연구의 분석방법은 사후검사의 결과를 종속변수로 하는 회귀분석이었다. 첫째, 자기보고의 인지부하 요인이 사후검사에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과에 따르면, 사전검사, 신체적 노력, 지각된 과제난이도가 사후검사에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 신체적 노력은 정적관련성을 보이고 있었으나 지각된 과제난이도는 부적관련성을 보이고 있었다. 이 결과는 사전검사의 점수가 높은 사람은 상대적으로 과제난이도를 낮게 지각하는 경향이 있으며 과제해결을 위하여 신중히 노력함으로써 사후검사의 결과가 올라간다는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 둘째, 각성수준에 대한 연구결과에서는 평가단계에서 측정된 각성수준이 사후검사의 점수를 유의미하게 예측하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 평가단계의 GSR은 과제수행(사후검사)과 부적 관계를 형성하고 있었다. 즉, 평가단계에서 적절한 이완수준을 유지하고 있을 때 사후검사의 결과가 증진된다는 것을 보여주는 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 인간의 주관적 감성 변화를 실시간으로 측정할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 시스템은 펜 마우스와 디지타이저론 이용하여 인간의 감성 변화론 실시간으로 입력 받을 수 있는 입력 부분과. 쾌도 및 긴장도의 감성 변화즐 실시간으로 측정하고 평가할 수 있는 감성평가 및 디스플레이 부분으로 구성되어있다. 본 연구에서는 된 시스템의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 하나의 실험을 수행하였다. 20명의 20대 남녀 피험자를 대상으로 긍정 감성과 부정 감성을 유발시킬 수 있는 사진을 각각 1장식 제시하면서 실시간 주관적 감성 평가와 함께 Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)를 실시간으로 측정하였고, 실험이 종료된 후 설문지를 이용하여 비 실시간 주관적 감성 평가를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 실시간 및 비 실시간 주관적 감성 평가, 생리 신호 평가의 결과들을 비교하였다. 상관관계 계수의 비교로부터 긍정 사진 자극으로 유발된 실시간 주관적 감성 변화는 부정 사진 자극으로 유발된 GSR 반응과, 부정 사진 자극으로 유발된 실시간 주관적 감성 변화는 부정 사진 자극으로 유발된 GSR 반응과 더 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 또한 설문지를 이용한 비 실시간 주관적 감성 평가 결과는 실시간 주관적 감성 평가의 누적된 평균 감성 값과 유사하였다. 이러한 결과로부터, 본 시스템의 가장 큰 특징은 시간에 따라 시시각각으로 변하는 인간의 주관적 감성 크기 변화를 관찰할 수 있다는 것과 자극제시 기간 동안의 평균적인 감성 평가가 가능하다는 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2005

Objective : We investigated the sasang constitutional difference of physiological and psychological response in various thermal environmental conditions. Methods: Among 210 volunteers, 30 healthy subjects were selected through the QSCC II (a questionnaire for constitutional discrimination) and the manual examination of a specialist in sasang constitution. Subjects consisted of 10 each Soyang(少陽), Soeum(少陰), and Taeum(太陽). Experimental environments were set by six different conditions to be $23^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;25\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.lm/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.4m/s;\;25^{\circ}C,\;75\%\;RH,\;0.1m/s;\;and\;27^{\circ}C,\;50\%\;RH,\;0.1m\s$ (respectively temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity). Skin temperature, core temperature, heart rate variability (HRV), and galvanic skin response (GSR) were measured for each subject Additionally, subjects were asked about comfort through the questionnaire. Results: From the viewpoint of external temperature sensibility, in all experimental environments, generally the Taeum type feels hotter and the Soeum feels colder than other types. In relative comfort, Soeum types were most sensitive to wind velocity change. From the viewpoint of body temperature, Taeum type was lower and Soyang was higher than other types. The measurements of HRV and GSR showed no difference between the types. Conclusion : The four sasang constitution types showed different responses to various thermal environmental conditions. Accordingly, our research could provide basic data for building the optimal thermal conditions for individuals based on sasang constitution. Consequently, it will help to build a healthy environment for everyday life.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2006

he purpose of this study is to measure bio-signal to investigate the driver's physiological response change under real situation using train simulator. The train simulator used in this study is KTX model and according to changes of driving situation, The bio-signal controlled by autonomic nervous system, such as GSR(Galvanic Skin Response), SpO2(Saturation percent O2), HR(Heart Rate), ECG(Electrocardiograph), EEG(Electroencephagram) and movement and response of eye were measured. Statistically significant difference in bio-signal data and eye movement activity pattern were investigated under several different driving speeds using analysis of variance (p<0.05). The GSR and HR value measured in average and mission speed operation is higher than in high-speed operation. β wave of EEG in average speed operation become more activated than in high speed operation. In accordance with a characteristic of rail vehicle, movement and response of eye in high-speed operation requiring relatively simple maneuver become less activated than in either average or mission speed operations. Conclusively, due to more careful driving controls in average and mission speed operation are required than in high-speed operation, level of mental and physical stresses of train driver was increased and observed through changes of bio-signal and eye movement measured in this study.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1958-1962
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• 2005

A driver's emotion is a very important factor of safe driving. This paper classified a driver's emotion into 3 major emotions, can be occur when driving a car: Surprise, Joy, Tired. And It evaluated the classifier using Hidden Markov Models, which have observation sequence as bio-signals. It used the 2-D emotional plane to classfiy a human's general emotion state. The 2-D emotional plane has 2 axes of pleasure-displeasure and arsual-relaxztion. The used bio-signals are Galvanic Skin Response(GSR) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV), which are easy to acquire and reliable. We classified several moving pictures into 3 major emotions to evaluate our HMM system. As a result of driving simulations for each emotional situations, we can get recognition rates of 67% for surprise, 58% for joy and 52% for tired.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

Driving simulators are useful tools not only to test the components of future cars but also to evaluate the telematics service and HMI (Human-Machine Interface). However driving simulators cannot be implemented to test and evaluate the telematics service system because the GPS (Global Positioning System) which contains basic functional support for the telematics module do not work in the VR (virtual reality) environment. This paper presents a method to implement telematics service to a driving simulator by developing the GPS simulator which is able to emulate GPS satellite signals consist of NMEA-0183 protocol and RS232C communication standards. It is expected that the driving simulator with the GPS simulator can be used to study HMI and human-factor evaluations of the commercial telematics system to realize the HiLES (Human-in-the-Loop Evaluation System).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the increasing effects of Ga-As-Al laser Koryo-hand acupuncture on experimental pressure threshold. Forty healthy subjects (female=20. male=20) aged 21 to 30 years were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with same ratio in sex. The subjects in the experimental group (n=20) received Ga-As-Al laser stimulation, and those in the control group (n=20) received sham stimulation on appropriate Koryo-hand acupuncture points M10 on the left hand which is reflex point of upper trapezius portion. Experimental pressure threshold at the contralateral upper trapezius was determined with a pressure algometer and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) before and after treatment. The change of pressure threshold between pretreatment and posttreatment in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). The result indicates that Ga-As-Al laser Koryo-hand acupuncture increases experimental pressure threshold and suggests that it is an effective noninvasive pain management technique.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of natural landscapes in the context of work environments. The study examined the impact of natural landscapes on urban office workers' stress reduction and cognitive performance, using physiological, psychological, and cognitive measures. One-hundred-twenty urban office workers participated in the experiments. The physiological measures used were GSR (galvanic skin response) and IBI (interbeat interval), and the psychological measure was ZIPERS (Zucherman Inventory of Personal Reactions). Cognitive performance was measured using a mental arithmetic test that had been developed by a pretest. The results from the physiological, psychological, and cognitive measures converged to indicate that the natural landscape had more beneficial effects in relieving both psychological and physiological stress and in enhancing cognitive performance of the of office workers than the city landscape. The results suggest wide applications in the fields of workers' well-being and landscape research. First, the results can provide reliable information for promoting natural landscaping in work places in order to relieve worker stress and enhance cognitive performance. Second, the results provide an example for future empirical landscape research using multiple measurements, such as psychological, physiological, and cognitive tests. Third, they can foster experimental research to investigate the relationship between stress reduction and natural landscapes.