• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature comparing the differences between task-oriented treadmill training and general treadmill training for stroke patients. METHODS: Literature published in the Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and PubMed was reviewed. A total of 1,163 studies were initially retrieved, of which eight articles were included in the final review. A quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 tool, and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill method was used to evaluate publication bias. Data analysis was performed using R studio 4.2.1. RESULTS: According to the quality assessment using RoB 2.0, three articles were evaluated as low risk, two as of some concern, and three as high risk. The overall effect size of task-oriented tradmill training was .35. Regarding gait function, the values were .76, .25, and .40, respectively, for gait endurance, gait speed, and gait pattern. According to Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill method, no publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate that task-oriented treadmill training is the most effective intervention for improving gait endurance in patients with stroke. Therefore, applying this intervention to patients with stroke in the community is recommended.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prove the effects of the PNF patterns combined with whole-body vibration (PWBV) training on muscle strength, balance, walking speed, and endurance in stroke patients. Methods: Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to the PWBV group (n=8) and the whole-body vibration (WBV) group (n=8). The PWBV group performed PNF pattern exercises using sprinter combined with WBV, while the WBV group performed using squatting for 30 minutes. Both groups performed therapeutic interventions five days per week over a period of four weeks. The manual muscle test, timed up and go test (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were used to assess the muscle strength, balance, and gait of the participants. The SPSS Ver. 19.0 statistical program was used for data processing. Statistical analysis included a pared t-test to compare the pre- and post-intervention, and an independent t-test was used to compare groups. The significance level was set as 0.05. Results: The PWBV group and WBV group showed significant improvements in the TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT (P<0.05). Significant differences between the PWBV and WBV groups were found (P<0.05). Conclusion: The PWBV improved muscle strength, balance, gait speed, and endurance in stroke patients. Thus, PWBV may be suggested as a therapeutic intervention in patients with stroke hemiplegia.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.991-996
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• 2017

Gait stability is partly characterized by an extended stance phase that comprises 60 of the gait ％ cycle. In this study, a gait pattern was employed for a crank drive system that allows for stable lower limb kinematics during stand-up cycling. A quick return mechanism was applied to the crank system to allow for a slow rotation of the crank during the stance phase and for a quick return during the swing phase. Design parameters for the quick return crank mechanism were defined, and kinematic simulations were performed to understand the behavior of the mechanism. To evaluate the design, an experimental instrument was fabricated, and the cycling motion was analyzed. The results indicated that this new drive system can stabilize the center of mass of the user. This study can contribute to the development of a stand-up bicycle that allows for more comfortable leg kinematics.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.521-531
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of normalization by dimensionless number of Hof(1996) and to analysis the gait pattern for 20s Korean males and females. Subjects are selected in accordance with classification system of Korean standard body figure and age. Experimental equipment is the Motion capture system. Subjects who are walked at a self-selected normal walking speed were photographed using the Motion capture system and analyzed using 3D motion analysis method with OrthoTrak, Cortex, Matlab and SPSS for a statistical test. When used to normalize data, there are no differences of statistical significances between gender in all spatiotemporal variables. I concluded that gait research for mutual comparison requires a normalization by dimensionless number to eliminate the effects of the body size and to accurate statistical analysis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the gait patterns of cerebellar infarction patients with those of corticospinal tract stroke patients through a follow-up of patients with ataxic gait due to cerebellar infarction and corticospinal tract stroke. Methods: We investigated two cases of patients with cerebellar infarction and two cases each of acute or chronic corticospinal tract stroke who were hospitalized at Wonkwang University Gawangju Medical Center from September 1, 2017 to February 15, 2020 based on medical records and gait analyses. The spatiotemporal gait parameters of each patient were measured three times at 2-week intervals except those of the chronic corticospinal tract stroke patients, which were measured twice at a 1-month interval. Results: Spatiotemporal gait parameters, which include velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and single support, were consistently increased in the cerebellar infarction patients in comparison to the corticospinal tract stroke patients. The stance phase was decreased in all the patients. Conclusions: The cerebellar infarction patients' gait spatiotemporal parameters were found to consistently improve. Moreover, gait analysis can be used to effectively measure improvement of ataxic gait.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2008

Purpose : In this case report, we demonstrated the improvement of gait ability on the child who has mental retardation with incomplete gait pattern. Methods : The subject was a 4 years old boy with mental retardation. We applied the Bobath approach to the subject. Treatments included to facilitate trunk alignment and stability, and to train weight bearing and shifting, to facilitate pelvis posterior-anterior movement, and to train walk especially stance phase and assist up-down stairs locomotion in environment similar to actual daily life. It was performed 24 sessions for 12 weeks. Results : With this treatment, he could accomplish dynamic standing stability and he could independent walk at the out door after 12 weeks. In gross motor function measure(GMFM), total motor function was improved to 85.6% from 75.7%. Conclusion : The gait ability of child with mental retardation was improved by using the bobath approach.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.372-383
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess of cane use on the hemiplegic gait of strock patients in temporal and spatial variables. Subjects were thirteen including 8 men and 5 women. They could walk independently without cane, To compare the effect of walking with and without a cane, temporal and spatial variables was measured using GAITRite. Cane walking demonstrated increased stance time on the affected side, and swing time, step length on the sound side were increased, and base of support was decreased. In conclusion, hemiplegic gait pattern of strock patients were improved with cane than those not using a cane.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe the gait pattern and parameters of the healthy elderly over 65years of age by the GATERite system. The subjects were sorted into two groups, depending on their sex: male and female. And female subjects were sorted into three groups, depending on their age. From time parameters and space parameters of gait cycle, between groups, the following results were made. The time parameters such as cadence, velocity, step time, single support and double support were the less the male than the female. And the higher age, the lower value except 80 age group, while no statistically significant. The space parameters(step length and stride length) were the longer the male than the female, and the higher age, the lower value while no statistically signigicant. The functional ambulation profile was high correlation with time and space parameters statistically significant.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to develop a new orthosis controlling ankle and knee joint motion during the gait cycle and to identify the effects of the newly designed orthosis on gait kinematics and tempospatial parameters, including coordination of the extremities in stroke patients. Fifteen individuals who had sustained a stroke, onset was 16 months, participated in this study. Before application of the measurement equipment the subjects were accustomed to walking on the ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) or stance control knee with knee flexion assisted-oil damper ankle-foot orthosis (SCKAFO) for 5 minutes. Fifteen patients were investigated for 45 days with a 3-day interval between sessions. Measurements were walking in fifteen stroke with hemiparesis on the 3D motion analysis system. Comparison of AFO and SCKAFO are gait pattern. The difference between the AFO and SCKAFO conditions was significant in the gait velocity, step length of the right affected side, stance time of both legs, step-length asymmetry ratio, single-support-time asymmetry ratio, ${\phi}$-thigh angle and ${\phi}$-shank angle in the mid swing (p<.001). Using a SCKAFO in stroke patients has shown similar to normal walking speeds can be attained for walking efficiency and is therefore desirable. In this study, the support time of the affected leg with the SCKAFO was longer than with the AFO and the asymmetry ratio of single support time decreased by more than with the AFO. This indicates that the SCKAFO was effective for improving gait symmetry, single-support-time symmetry. This may be due to the decrease of gait asymmetry. Thus, the newly designed SCKAFO may be useful for promoting gait performance by improving the coordination of the extremity and decreasing gait asymmetry in chronic stroke patients.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.4 s.247
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• pp.435-441
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• 2006

The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is an important stabilizer of knee joint. The ACL injury of knee is common and a serious ACL injury leads to ligament reconstruction surgery. Gait analysis is essential to identify knee condition of patients who display abnormal gait. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and classify knee condition of ACL deficient patients using a nonlinear dynamic method. The nonlinear method focuses on understanding how variations in the gait pattern change over time. The experiments were carried out for 17 subjects(l2 healthy subjects and five subjects with unilateral deficiency) walking on a motorized treadmill for 100 seconds. Three dimensional kinematics of the lower extremity were collected by using four cameras and KWON 3D motion analysis system. The largest Lyapunov exponent calculated from knee joint flexion-extension time series was used to quantify knee stability. The results revealed the difference between healthy subjects and patients. The deficient knee was significantly unstable compared with the contralateral knee. This study suggests an evaluation scheme of the severity of injury and the level of recovery. The proposed Lyapunov exponent can be used in rehabilitation and diagnosis of recoverable patients.