• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

This study was designed to identify the effects of walking conditions (normal walking vs. toe-walking) on electromyographic (EMG) activity of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle. Seven healthy adult males participated in this study. The exclusion criteria were orthopedic or neurologic disease, congenital anomaly or acquired deformity, or pain in low back or lower extremities. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction for each muscle was used for the reference contraction, and EMG activity of each muscle during normal walking and toe-walking was expressed as a percentage of reference contraction. The gait cycle was determined with two foot switches, and gait was normalized as 100% gait cycle for each condition. The maximal values of EMG activity in terminal stance (30~50% of gait cycle) of each condition were compared for data analysis. No significant differences were found in EMG activity of the tibialis anterior and soleus (p>.05), whereas significant decrement was found in EMG activity of gastrocnemius during toe-walking compared to normal walking (p<.05). There is a limitation to generalize the results of this study, because small number of subjects participated for this study and only EMG was used for data collection. The treatment methods should be developed to improve gait efficiency by substituting the weakened muscles secondary to upper motor neuron, or by strengthening the distal muscles in lower extremity.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.840-845
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• 2015

Improvement in functional gait is one of treatment goals in treatment of cerebral palsy children. This study intended to examine the effects of insoles for postural correction on gait in spastic cerebral palsy patients by investigating changes in gait temporal spatial parameters. As the subjects, 15 spastic bilateral cerebral palsy patients participated in this study. Temporal spatial parameters of gait were measured using GAITRite system under three gait conditions. Bare foot gait, gait in shoes, and gait in insoles for postural correction were conducted. In order to look at differences in temporal spatial parameters according to three gait conditions, repeated one way analysis of variance was conducted. As post hoc test, Bonferroni was conducted. A significant level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. According to the result of this study, gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length of the left lower extremity significantly changed. When the subjects put on customized insoles for postural correction, the effect was greatest. There were no significant changes in stance time, single support time, double support time, swing % of gait, and stance % of cycle. Therefore, gait with insoles for postural correction positively influenced functional gait improvement and will be able to be usefully employed for spastic cerebral palsy children as one of gait assistance devices.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the force of lower extremities, the change in walking ability on the ground by applying a walking training program based on perceptual learning to improve gait capacity of chronic stroke patients. Method: This study included Twenty-four patients with chronic stroke. Using a perceptual-based gait training, the experimental group trained twice a day for 30 minutes each time, 5 times a week, for a total of 8 weeks. The control group underwent ground gait training that excluded the element of a perceptual training for 30 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Results: In the two groups, the maximum forefoot pressure after intervention was significantly different in both the LEPGT and GGT (p<0.05). The maximum midfoot pressure was significantly different in LEPGT (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the maximum heel pressure after intervention between the two groups (p<0.05). As a result of comparing the change in step length and stride length after intervention in the two groups, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both gait training programs was found that gait training based on perceptual learning and ground gait training were the training for improving the functional gait of stroke patient. Perceptual learning gait training utilizing intensive perceptual awareness was the training for improving gait capacity within the period than ground gait training.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electromechanical gait trainer therapy in stroke patients. The gait trainer was designed to provide nonambulatory subjects the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement without overstraining therapist. To simulate normal gait, discrete stance and swing phase, lasting 60% and 40% of the gait cycle respectively, and the control of the movement of the centre of mass were required. Methods : This preliminary study investigated during 8 weeks therapy on the gait trainer could improve gait ability in 5 subacute and chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. Gait ability(time up & go [TUG], comfortable and maximal gait speed and functional ambulation category[FAC]), functional movement of lower extremity(Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA] and composite spasticity score [CSS]) and sensory of lower extremity(Fugl-Meyer Assessment sensory [FMA-s])were the measured. Results : TUG, comfortable and maximal gait speed and FMA were improved significantly. Although FAC, FMA-s and CSS were improved, there were not statistically significant. Conclusion : Therefore, the gait trainer enabled affected patients the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement, which is important for the restoration of walking ability.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 마비측 다리에 나선형 방향으로 테이핑을 적용하여 뇌졸중 환자의 보행능력에 미치는 즉각적인 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌졸중 환자 42명을 각각 실험군(나선형 테이핑군) 21명과 대조군(넙다리네갈래근 테이핑군)21명으로 나누어 테이핑을 부착하였다. 두 집단 모두 10m 보행 검사(10 meter walk test)와 동적 보행 지수(Dynamic Gait Index; DGI), 가속도계(Accelerometer)를 이용한 시 공간적 보행변수 중 보행율(cadence), 속도(speed), 마비측 보행주기(gait cycle duration), 마비측 디딤기(stance phase duration), 마비측 양발 지기기(double support duration)를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 중재 전과 중재 후 두 집단 모두 10m 보행과 DGI 그리고 보행율, 보행속도에서 유의한 증가를 보였고 마비측 디딤기, 마비측 보행주기, 마비측 양발지지기에서 증가 및 감소하였지만 유의한 차이가 없었다. 두 집단간 변화량 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 테이핑을 통한 뇌졸중 환자의 보행능력 변화에서 두 방법 모두 보행능력에 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 나선형 테이핑은 테이핑 절단 횟수가 적고 비교적 쉽게 적용이 가능하므로 가정에서 적용 시 보다 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 방법일 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

In this paper, to quantitatively evaluate the degree of rehabilitation for the disabled of unilateral lower extremity, we compared the EMG pattern of normal and simulated abnormal gait. The EMG signal was measured at a rate of 1 kHz on the quadriceps and biceps femoris, the pressure sensor was attached to the sole in order to distinguish the gait cycle. Integrated EMG (IEMG) was obtained by the gait cycle, and classified four patterns that were the normal gait pattern, amplitude decrease pattern, reversed pattern, and irregular pattern. For comparison of the patterns, a curve fitting was performed using the trigonometric functions. The result of curve fitting, the method using a variable A that corresponds to the amplitude of the regression curve was able to distinguish the reverse pattern and remaining pattern. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) representing coincidence of the pattern of the regression curve and EMG was confirmed the biggest value at the normal gait. Therefore, the degree of normal gait can be confirmed using the coefficient of determination. This results show that it is possible to quantitatively confirm the degree of unilateral lower extremity disabled rehabilitation, and it will be contributed to the study of efficient rehabilitation methods by objective analysis.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2023

Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently among humans who undertake various body movements. Diverse walking environments and dual tasks, that can affect ankle sprains, have been studied. However, there is a lack of research on inter-trial variability according to the changes in gait speed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the adaptive ability of walking between the subjects with chronic ankle instability and healthy adults while performing a walking task with different walking speeds. Methods: In this study, 24 people in the chronic ankle instability group and 24 people in the healthy ankle group were selected as subjects. The length of the pre-measurement and the actual walking measurement were both set to 4.6 m. Once the subjects entered the measurement section, they changed their gait speed according to the randomly assigned speed change. Gait was measured twice and the average value was used for the analysis. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) of cycle time in subjects with chronic ankle instability showed a significant difference in all cases except when the subjects changed their speed from preferred to slow and from slow to preferred. The CV of step length demonstrated a significant difference in all cases except for the change from slow to preferred and from preferred to fast. The cycle time and step length differential showed a significant difference only when the subjects changed the speed from slow to fast. Conclusion: The subjects with chronic ankle instability were found to have significantly reduced walking adaptability while performing inter-trial variability tasks with different gait speeds compared to healthy subjects.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.573-581
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• 1998

Gait is a highly complex activity in which many variables can be observed and measured. Walking is a repetitious sequence of limb to move the body and to maintain stability. Normal gait is rhythmic and characterized by alternating propulsive and retropulsive motions of the lower extremities. Pathological gait patterns have four functional categories (deformity, muscle weakness, impaired control, pain). The purpose of this study was to assess the quantitive gait variables(the width of the base, length of a step, stride length, cadence, velocity) in patients with low back pain. Patients walked more slowly, took shorter steps and did not show the symmetrical gait patterns.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2009

Purpose: This study reports the basic reference data of the specific gait parameters for Korean normal adults. Methods: The basic gait parameters were extracted from 73 Adults (35 men and 38 women), 18 to 33 years of age, using a Vicon MX motion analysis system. The segment kinetics, such as joint moment and power, was analyzed at the hip, knee and ankle. Results: The motion patterns are typically associated with a specific phase of the gait cycle. The temporal-spatial gait parameters of Korean normal adults, such as cadence, walking speed, stride length, single support and double support, were similar to the other western reference data. The kinetic parameters of Korean normal adults, such as joint moments of force, joint mechanical power generation or absorption and ground reaction forces, were also similar to other western reference datasets. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that objective gait analysis can be used to document the gait patterns of normal healthy adults. The techniques of 3-dimensional temporal-spatial gait parameters and kinematic parameters analysis can provide a detailed biomechanical description of a normal and pathological gait.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

본 연구는 맨발 보행과 운동화 착용 보행에서 보행주기의 차이를 비교하여 보행역학에 따른 신발 개발에 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 발의 변형과 이상이 없는 정상 성인 여성 30명을 대상으로 보행 주기를 측정하였다. 먼저 운동화를 착용하고 보행하여 주기를 측정한 후, 맨발로 보행하여 주기를 측정하여 데이터를 얻었다. 이후 두 데이터를 대응표본 T-test를 이용하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과 맨발 보행에서 입각기 좌측(p<.001), 우측(p<.005), 체중부하기 좌측(p<.009), 우측(p<.002), 전유각기 좌측(p<.002), 우측(p<.011), 양하지 지지기(p<.004)가 증가하였고, 중간 입각기 좌측(p<.016), 우측(p<.001), 유각기 좌측(p<.001)이 감소하였다. 이는 맨발 보행이 다양한 발의 감각의 입력을 증가시켜 보행안정성이 높은 보행이 가능해 졌다고 보여 지며, 향후 보행 주기에 의거하여 맨발보행과 가까운 신발 개량이 필요하다고 사료된다. 향후 신발의 개량을 위해 신발 종류에 따른 보행주기 연구가 필요할 것이다.