• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.985-996
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• 2022

This study investigated the effects of light intensity on growth performance, blood components, eye condition, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Three hundred and fifty-two 1-day-old male chicks were assigned to one of four treatments (four repetitions per treatment, 22 birds per repetition) and reared in a floor pen for 5 weeks. From the second week, chicks were reared under four different levels of light intensity (5, 20, 35, and 50 lx) and the lighting duration was maintained at 18-hours light : 6-hours dark (18L : 6D). The feed intake and body weight were measured weekly. At 35 days of age, 12 birds per treatment were randomly selected for blood sampling, eye measurement, and carcass analysis. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among treatments. Triglyceride levels in the serum were significantly higher in the 5 lx treatment, and creatinine was significantly lower in the 5 lx treatment (p < 0.05). The heterophil : lymphocyte ratios decreased significantly as light intensity increased (p < 0.05); however, other blood cell compositions were not affected by light intensity. Interleukin-6 content was significantly higher in the 5 lx treatment than in other treatments (p < 0.05), but the content of tumor necrosis factor-α was not significantly different among treatments. Serum corticosterone concentration was significantly higher at 5 lx than at 20, 35, and 50 lx (p < 0.05). The corneal diameter was the highest in 5 lx treatment (p < 0.05), and tended to increase as the light intensity decreased. Other eye parameters were not significantly different among treatments, but displayed a tendency to increase as the light intensity decreased. Carcass yield and part yields were not affected by light intensity. Meat quality parameters (pH, color, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity) did not show significant difference among the treatments. The results indicate that a light intensity of 5 lx may increase physiological stress or have a negative effect on broiler welfare, even if the performance and carcass characteristics are not affected. Therefore, a light intensity of 20 lx or above is recommended considering both the growth performance and welfare of broilers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the physiological response, litter performance, blood profiles, immune response, and milk composition of lactating sows. Methods: A total of 50 multiparous F₁ sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with an average body weight (BW) of 233.6±4.30 kg and an average parity of 4.00±0.307 and their litters were used in this experiment. All sows were allotted to one of five treatments, taking into consideration BW, backfat thickness, and parity in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet. Results: All treatments added with β-glucan or vitamin E were statistically higher in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lactating sows compared to those of the control (Diet, p<0.01). Additionally, the ADFI of lactating sows was significantly higher in the groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan (BG, p<0.01). There was an increasing trend in piglet weight at weaning (BG, p = 0.07), litter weight at the 21st day of lactation (BG, p = 0.07) and litter weight gain (BG, p = 0.08) in groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan. The addition of 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet increased vitamin E concentration significantly in lactating sows (VE, p<0.01) and exhibited a trend for higher concentrations of vitamin E (VE, p = 0.09) in piglets. Adding 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan induced a decrease in the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α in lactating sows (BG, p = 0.06) and in piglets (BG, p = 0.09) on the 21st day of lactation. There were no significant differences in the milk composition of sows. Conclusion: Adding 0.1% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg to a lactating sow's diet was beneficial to the growth performance of piglets by leading to an increase in the feed intake of sows and efficiently supplying vitamin E to both the sows and piglets.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

Purpose: The globalization of the Korean restaurant franchise industry differs from the business performance of enhancing the brand image and customers' intention to revisit depending on the degree of localization marketing. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the extent to which the localization marketing activities of overseas Korean restaurant franchise companies affect the customer's perception. This study aims to investigate the effects of localization marketing (Localized Menu, Localized Price, Localized Service Experience, Localized Promotion, Localized Physical Environment) of Korean restaurant franchise companies on customer revisit intention. Research design, data, and methodology: For this study, 150 questionnaires using local Korean restaurants in Beijing, China, were analyzed using SPSS Ver.21 and AMOS Ver.22. Result: It was confirmed that the localized menu, localized service experience, and localized physical environment all affect the intention to revisit customers. Based on these verification results, if overseas franchises fully recognize localization marketing, which is an important factor for local business success, and establish localization strategies, they can gain an edge in competition with local Korean restaurants or restaurant franchises founded by locals. There may be a higher probability that However, it was found that localization price and localization promotion had no mediating effect of brand image between revisit intention and revisit intention. It was found that it had no effect on the degree of inquiry and had a negative effect. Conclusions: Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many changes in the domestic and overseas food service industry over the past two years. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to study the localization of overseas Korean restaurant franchise companies that are more multidimensionally subdivided. Various measures of customized localization marketing for optimal regional characteristics should be developed and applied to enhance customer revisiting and brand image of Korean restaurant franchise companies entering overseas. In the future, this study will be meaningful data for the establishment of localization marketing (Localized Menu, Localized Price, Localized Service Experience, Localized Promotion, Localized Physical Environment) strategies for Korean restaurant franchise companies that consider overseas expansion or have already entered.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

본 연구는 문화예술 광고 플랫폼 앱을 중심으로 앱의 사용자 경험을 비판적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 이는 관련 앱의 방향성을 검토하고 사용성을 높일 수 있는 대안적 접근 방안을 제언하고자 하는 목적을 지닌다. 본 연구는 '무비프리' 앱을 선정한 후 휴리스틱 검사법을 활용하여 심층적으로 탐색하였으며 그중 허니콤 모델을 재구성하여 해당 사례의 유용성·사용성·매력성·검색성·접근성·신뢰성을 분석하였다. 첫째, 가격 요소에 대한 사용자의 호의적 반응이 콘텐츠와 인터페이스의 유용성과는 큰 상관관계가 없기에 독창적 가치를 통해 시장에서 경쟁우위를 점해야 한다. 둘째, 소비자 경로 프로세스 분석 결과 사용자들은 앱에 대해 인지한 첫 순간부터 서비스와 연속적으로 교감하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사용자가 앱의 이용에 불편을 느끼면 사용자와 앱 상호간의 장기적 관계를 구축하는 데 실패요인으로 작용한다. 마지막으로 양질의 문화예술 콘텐츠를 이용할 수 있으리라는 사용자의 기대를 충족시킬 수 있도록 브랜드의 정체성을 명확하게 수립하고 제품 인지도 향상 전략을 꾀해야 한다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2018

Purpose - Due to the increase in coffee consumption and competition, domestic coffee franchise companies are currently entering the overseas market. Therefore, coffee franchise companies are pursuing a variety of marketing strategies to meet customer needs and gain competitive advantage in overseas markets. From this perspective, overseas franchise companies need to ensure that their servicescapes meet the needs of their overseas customers. For these purposes, the study is to identify the impact servicescapes on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty focused on Global Coffee Franchise Company "C", which extended its business worldwide in Mongolia. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from customers who had visited the stores of 'C' company in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 435 valid questionnaires collected through online survey coded and analyzed using frequency, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS 24 and SmartPLS 3.0. Result - Firstly, seating comfort, facility aesthetics, and cleanliness, ambient conditions among servicescapes influenced customer satisfaction. Secondly, servicescapes didn't affect the loyalty directly. Third, customer satisfaction had positive effect on loyalty. Fourthly, cleanliness which was ranked lower in Korea had a great effect on customer satisfaction in Mongolia. Fifthly, IPMA(Importance-performance map analysis) shows that the importance of servicescapes is higher for women than for men, and facility aesthetics for female and cleanliness is the most important for male. Conclusions - The results of this study show that there is a positive (+) effect on customer satisfaction in order of cleanliness, ambient conditions, aesthetics, and seating comfort. Therefore, franchise companies considering or advancing into Mongolia should consider importance in order of cleanliness, ambient conditions and aesthetics when entering Mongolia market. For example, franchise managers should select Monday as a "clean day," and all merchants should spend all of their open hours and keep their stores clean in accordance with the head office manual. In addition, franchise managers need to hire a VMD (visual merchandising) experts to build up a physical environment that will effectively highlight the space-specific display of the store so that Mongolian local customers can have a satisfactory climate and aesthetics. And, the IMPA analysis between servicescapes and customer satisfaction shows that women are more susceptible to servicescapes than men. Especially, in the case of women, the importance of esthetics is high, but the performance is low. Thus, if the aesthetics are actively improved, customer satisfaction can be effectively increased.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1D호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2006

현재 시행되고 있는 사전환경성검토는 부분 항목별 수치분석이 이루어지고 있어 종합적인 사전환경성검토가 어려운 실정이다. 또한, 수치자료의 활용이 미흡하여 환경성검토 분석결과의 객관성이 저하되고 있고, 평가비용과 시간도 많이 소요되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 8개 사전환경성 검토요소에 대한 지리정보체계의 공간분석기능을 도입하였으며, 개별 요소들의 평가결과를 통한 종합적인 검토를 수행할 수 있도록 사전 환경성검토 GIS 의사결정시스템을 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 사전환경성 검토 GIS 의사결정시스템과 기 구축된 GIS 데이터를 활용을 통해 환경성 검토에 객관성이 충족 및 시간 비용 절감이 가능하여 사업초기에 도로 노선선정 시 사전환경성 검토에 활용 가능할 것이다. 또한, 본 연구 개발된 시스템을 통하여 수치적이고 시각적인 자료를 활용한 평가로 주민의 합의를 보다 용이하게 이끌어 낼 수 있고, 사업초기에 비용과 시간을 절감하면서 도로건설에 따른 환경성을 검토할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.73.1-73.16
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• 2023

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is considered a global threat to both human health and the poultry industry. MicroRNAs (miRNA) can modulate the immune system by affecting gene expression patterns in HPAIV-infected chickens. Objectives: To gain further insights into the role of miRNAs in immune responses against H5N1 infection, as well as the development of strategies for breeding disease-resistant chickens, we characterized miRNA expression patterns in tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. Methods: miRNAs expression was analyzed from two H5N1-infected Ri chicken lines using small RNA sequencing. The target genes of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted using miRDB. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis were then conducted. Furthermore, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we validated the expression levels of DE miRNAs (miR-22-3p, miR-146b-3p, miR27b-3p, miR-128-3p, miR-2188-5p, miR-451, miR-205a, miR-203a, miR-21-3p, and miR-200a3p) from all comparisons and their immune-related target genes. Results: A total of 53 miRNAs were significantly expressed in the infection samples of the resistant compared to the susceptible line. Network analyses between the DE miRNAs and target genes revealed that DE miRNAs may regulate the expression of target genes involved in the transforming growth factor-beta, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, all of which are related to influenza A virus progression. Conclusions: Collectively, our results provided novel insights into the miRNA expression patterns of tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens. More importantly, our findings offer insights into the relationship between miRNA and immune-related target genes and the role of miRNA in HPAIV infections in chickens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.720-734
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• 2023

In Korea, Korea Proven Bulls (KPN) program has been well-developed. Breeding and evaluation of cows are also an essential factor to increase earnings and genetic gain. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cow breeding value by using three methods (pedigree index [PI], pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction [PBLUP], and genomic-BLUP [GBLUP]). The reference population (n = 16,971) was used to estimate breeding values for 481 females as a test population. The accuracy of GBLUP was 0.63, 0.66, 0.62 and 0.63 for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back-fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS), respectively. As for the PBLUP method, accuracy of prediction was 0.43 for CWT, 0.45 for EMA, 0.43 for MS, and 0.44 for BFT. Accuracy of PI method was the lowest (0.28 to 0.29 for carcass traits). The increase by approximate 20% in accuracy of GBLUP method than other methods could be because genomic information may explain Mendelian sampling error that pedigree information cannot detect. Bias can cause reducing accuracy of estimated breeding value (EBV) for selected animals. Regression coefficient between true breeding value (TBV) and GBLUP EBV, PBLUP EBV, and PI EBV were 0.78, 0.625, and 0.35, respectively for CWT. This showed that genomic EBV (GEBV) is less biased than PBLUP and PI EBV in this study. In addition, number of effective chromosome segments (M_e) statistic that indicates the independent loci is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of BLUP. The correlation between M_e and the accuracy of GBLUP is related to the genetic relationship between reference and test population. The correlations between M_e and accuracy were -0.74 in CWT, -0.75 in EMA, -0.73 in MS, and -0.75 in BF, which were strongly negative. These results proved that the estimation of genetic ability using genomic data is the most effective, and the smaller the M_e, the higher the accuracy of EBV.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2006

이 연구는 과학영재들의 과학의 본성에 대한 인식을 조사하기 위하여 다지 선다형 검사 문항을 사용하였으며 영역별, 성별, 그리고 사사교육의 일종인 R&E 프로그램 이수 경험별로 나뉘어 조사하였다. 이 조사를 위하여 한국과학영재학교 273명의 학생을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 연구결과, 과학영재들의 과학의 본성에 대한 인식은 과학지식의 잠정성에서 가장 높은 인식을 보였다. 성별과 R&E 프로그램 이수 경험별로 나뉘어 조사한 결과, 대부분의 경우에 집단별 인식에 있어 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 R&E 프로그램을 경험한 집단과 경험하지 못한 집단으로 나누어 인식 성향을 조사하였을 때, 프로그램을 경험한 집단이 과학자의 연구동기 및 연구활동을 보다 사회적인 맥락에서 인식하였고, 과학자의 사회적 책임에 대한 인식도 높았다. 이를 통하여 R&E 활동 경험이 과학 영재 학생들의 과학의 본성에 대한 인식에 영향을 미치는 한 요인임을 확인하였으며 이들 결과는 과학영재 교육 프로그램의 개발과 운영, 특히 R&E 프로그램의 운영과 평가, 그리고 과학영재 교육과정 개발 및 과학교사 교육에 있어 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1345-1354
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes that play important roles in skeletal muscle development in ducks. Methods: In this study, we investigated the transcriptional sequencing of embryonic pectoral muscles from two specialized lines: Liancheng white ducks (female) and Cherry valley ducks (male) hybrid Line A (LCA) and Line C (LCC) ducks. In addition, prediction of target genes for the differentially expressed mRNAs was conducted and the enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes signaling pathways were further analyzed. Finally, a protein-to-protein interaction network was analyzed by using the target genes to gain insights into their potential functional association. Results: A total of 1,428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 762 being up-regulated genes and 666 being down-regulated genes in pectoral muscle of LCA and LCC ducks identified by RNA-seq (p<0.05). Meanwhile, 23 GO terms in the down-regulated genes and 75 GO terms in up-regulated genes were significantly enriched (p<0.05). Furthermore, the top 5 most enriched pathways were ECM-receptor interaction, fatty acid degradation, pyruvate degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Finally, the candidate genes including integrin b3 (Itgb3), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (Pkm), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi), GABA type A receptor-associated protein-like 1 (Gabarapl1), and thyroid hormone receptor beta (Thrb) showed the most expression difference, and then were selected to verification by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result of qRT-PCR was consistent with that of transcriptome sequencing. Conclusion: This study provided information of molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental differences in skeletal muscles between specialized duck lines.