• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권5호
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• pp.319-332
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• 2023

Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)가 발간된 1993년부터 측정불확도는 측정학의 핵심 개념으로 여겨져 왔으며 적절한 불확도 평가의 중요성은 꾸준히 높아지고 있다. 하지만 측정불확도의 개념과 GUM에 대해 충분히 정확하고 상세하게 설명하는 국문 자료는 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 총설은 측정불확도 개념과 GUM의 수학적, 역사적, 철학적 배경을 상세하게 설명하며 화학 분야 불확도 평가의 특수성을 논한다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2018

몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 방법과 측정불확도 표현 지침은 불확도 평가를 위해 가장 널리 사용되는 방법들이다. 본 논문에서는 자체 개발된 질량관성모멘트 측정장비의 신뢰도를 평가하기 위해 몬테카를로 방법과 GUM방법이 사용되었다. 결과에 따르면 GUM방법에 의해 평가된 불확도가 몬테카를로 방법에 의한 것보다 약간 과소평가되었고 그 차이는 GUM방법의 근사화에 기인한 것으로, 두 방법에 의해 평가된 관성모멘트 불확도들은 추정량의 1% 미만으로 개발된 관성모멘트 측정시스템의 높은 측정신뢰성을 보여준다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.871-882
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• 2017

Indirect measure of the tensile strength of laboratory samples is an important topic in rock engineering. One of the most important tests, the Brazilian strength test is performed to obtain the tensile strength of rock, concrete and other quasi brittle materials. Because the measurements are provided indirectly and the inspected rock materials may have heterogeneous properties, uncertainty quantification is required for a reliable test evaluation. In addition to the conventional measurement evaluation uncertainty methods recommended by the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), such as Taylor's and Monte Carlo Methods, a fuzzy set-based approach is also proposed and resulting uncertainties are discussed. The results showed that when a tensile strength measurement is measured by a laboratory test, its uncertainty can also be expressed by one of the methods presented.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2003

국제적으로 측정결과의 신뢰성을 판단할 수 있는 척도로서 불확도(Uncertainty)개념이 도입되고 국제 표준화기구(ISO)가 여러 국제기구와 합동으로 "측정불확도표현지침(GUM)"을 1993년에 발간하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 시료의 산포가 존재하는 경우 시료산포를 불확도 인자로 적용하여 측정결과에 대한 불확도를 평가할 수 있는 측정모델을 구축하여 제시하고, GUM에서 제시한 불확도 전파법칙의 문제점을 분석하여 이를 보완할 수 있는 새로운 불확도의 평가방법으로 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션을 이용한 컴퓨터프로그램 활용의 필요성을 논하고자 한다. 또한 이러한 이론적 근거를 바탕으로 하여 불확도를 평가할 수 있는 컴퓨터 프로그램 개발사례를 제시하고자 한다. 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.521-535
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• 2017

음향 도플러 유속계(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, ADCPs)는 하천의 유량측정에 널리 사용되고 있으나, 유량 측정성과의 불확도를 평가하는 방법에 대하여 진행된 연구는 부족한 현실이며, 이는 실제 하천에서 유속 및 유량 등의 수리량을 조절하는 것이 현실적으로 불가능하여 ADCP의 불확도 요인별 실험 및 분석이 어렵기 때문이다. 유량 및 수리량의 측정 불확도를 평가하기 위하여 과학 및 공학 분야에서는 다양한 연구들이 진행되어 왔으며, 그 중 국제적으로 공인받고 있는 방법 중 하나가 GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty Measurement)이다. 본 연구에서는 GUM 표준안을 기반으로 ADCP의 유량 측정 불확도를 평가하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. ADCP의 유량 측정 불확도 요인별 분석을 수행하기 위하여 유량 공급의 조절이 가능한 실 규모 수로를 보유하고 있는 하천실험센터에서 실험을 진행하였으며, ADCP의 측정 정확도에 영향을 미치는 수심, 측정 지점에서 하안까지의 거리, ADCP의 잠김 깊이, 유속 오차, 측정 시간, 반복 횟수, 하상 조건 등에 대한 측정 정확도 평가 실험을 수행하였다. ADCP로 유량을 측정하는 방법은 지점측정방식을 기반으로 유속-면적법을 통해 산정하는 방법과 일반적으로 사용되는 이동측정방식이 있으며, 본 연구에서는 ADCP의 지점측정방식을 통해 유량을 산정하는 Section-by-Section 방법으로 산정된 유량의 불확도를 평가하였다. 모든 측정 결과는 요인별 불확도 평가를 수행하기 위하여 유속은 ADV, 수심은 광파기로 측정된 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2005

The uncertainty of measurement in nitrate from burley leaf tobacco by continuous-flow analysis method was evaluated following internationally accepted guidelines. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of nitrate were weight of standard and sample, purity of standard, dilution of standard solution, calibration curve, water content, etc. The calculation of uncertainty based on the GUM(Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) and EURACHEM/CITAC Guide. An expanded uncertainty was obtained by multiplying the combined standard uncertainty with a coverage factor (k) calculated from the effective degree of freedom. The concentration of nitrate from burley leaf tobacco was $2.09\%$ and the expanded uncertainty by multiplying by the coverage factor(k, 2.20) was $0.13\%\;at\;a\;95\%$ confidence level.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.781-786
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• 2016

All measurements are subject to uncertainty and a measurement result is complete only when it is accompanied by a statement of the associated uncertainty. By international agreement, this uncertainty has a probabilistic basis and reflects incomplete knowledge of the quantity value. The "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement", commonly known as the GUM, is the definitive document on this subject. The requirements for estimation of measurement uncertainty apply to all results provided by calibration laboratories and results produced by testing laboratories under the optional circumstances. In this paper, a procedure for estimation of measurement uncertainty from vibration testing is proposed on KS F 2868:2003 as an example. Both Type A and Type B evaluation of uncertainty are considered to calculate the combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

For accurate wind resource assessment and wind turbine performance test, it is essential to secure wind data covering a rotor plane of wind turbine including a hub height. In general, we can depict wind speed profile by extrapolating or interpolating the wind speed data measured from a meteorological tower where multiple anemometers are mounted at different heights using a power-law of wind speed profile. The most important parameter of a power-law equation is a vertical wind profile exponent which represents local characteristics of terrain and land cover. In this study, we calculated diurnal vertical wind profile exponents of 8 locations in Jeju Island who possesses excellent wind resource according to the GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) to evaluate its uncertainty. Expanded uncertainty is calculated by combined standard uncertainty, which is the result of composing type A standard uncertainty with type B standard uncertainty. Although pooled standard deviation should be considered to derive type A uncertainty, we used the standard deviation of vertical wind profile exponent of each day avoiding the difficult of uncertainty evaluation of diurnal wind profile variation. It is anticipated that the evaluated uncertainties of diurnal vertical wind profile exponents at 8 locations in Jeju Island are to be registered as a national standard reference data and widely used in the relevant areas.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.2394-2398
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• 2013

Nicotine is the main component of environmental tobacco smoke, and its presence in indoor air is widely used as a secondhand-smoke indicator. Environmental tobacco smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution, but sufficient investigation of the uncertainty of its measurement, which mirrors the reliability of nicotine measurement, has not been performed. We calculated the uncertainty of measurement of indoor air nicotine concentration at low, medium, and high concentrations of 11.3798, 10.1977, $98.3768{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and we employed the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements (GUM), proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The factors considered in determining the uncertainty were uncertainty of the calibration curve (calibration curve and repeated measurements), desorption efficiency, extraction volume, and sampling airflow (accuracy and acceptable limits of flowmeter). The measurement uncertainty was highest at low concentrations; the expanded measurement uncertainty is $0.9435{\mu}g/m^3$ and is represented as a relative uncertainty of 63.38%. At medium and high (concentrations, the relative uncertainty was 13.1% and 9.1%, respectively. The uncertainty of the calibration curve was largest for low indoor nicotine concentrations. To increase reliability of measurement in assessing the effect of secondhand smoke, measures such as increasing the sample injection rate ($1{\mu}L$ or more), increasing sampling volume to increase collected nicotine, and using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or GC/MS/MS, which has a lower quantitation threshold, rather than gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detector, should be considered.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2017

This study aimed to estimate the measurement uncertainty related to determination of hyaluronic acid used as a dietary supplement by high-performance liquid chromatography. According to the guidelines of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, the analytical processes for determination of hyaluronic acid were performed. And the measurement uncertainty obtained during the analytical processes were expressed in accordance with mathematical/ statistical guidances of GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) & EURACHEM (Focus for Analytical Chemistry in Europe) for the analytical operations. For the uncertainty in measurement produced based on this analytical method, the expanded uncertainty was calculated by using the relative standard uncertainty between analytical results and sources of uncertainty in measurement (sample weight, final volume, extraction volume, standard solution, matrix and instrument etc). In the results of 95% confidence interval, it was calculated that the uncertainty in measurement was $57.75{\pm}8.76{\mu}g/kg$ (k=2.0). Therefore, it showed that the measurement uncertainty obtained by this analytical method influences on 15.2% of the contents of hyaluronic acid as the analytical results.