• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권3호통권71호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2007

Objective : This study was conducted in order to find the effects of Gammaekdaejo-tang (Ganmaidazao-tang, GDT) by subjecting rats to immobilization stress, thereby inducing depression, anxiety and acquisition-retention defects. Method : Rats treated with normal saline, GDT 200mg/kg and GDT 400mg/kg were subjected to stress by immobilization. Afterwards, behavior changes were observed by elevated plus maze test, acquisition test and retention test in the Morris water maze. The results were obtained by immunohistochemically measuring stress hormone (corticosteroid) levels in the blood. Results and Conclusions : 1. The open arm test in the elevated plus maze showed that compared with the normal group, the time spent decreased in the control group and increased in the GDT 400mg/kg group. 2. The locomotor activity test in the elevated plus maze revealed that the control group showed significant activity decrease compared with the normal group but significant increase in the GDT 400mg/kg group. 3. The acquisition test in the Morris water maze showed that the acquisitive ability of the control group significantly deteriorated on the 3rd and 4th day compared with the normal group, but improved significantly in the GDT 200mg/kg and GDT 400mg/kg groups. 4. The retention test on the 7th day in the Morris water maze revealed that the retentive ability of the control group significantly deteriorated compared with the normal group, but the retentive ability of the GDT 400mg/kg group significantly improved. 5. The blood levels of corticosteroid in the control group increased significantly compared with the normal group but the levels of corticosterone in the blood of the GDT 400mg/kg group significantly decreased.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1996

In order to study the effect of modified starch and biopolymer on the quality of smoked pork sausage, acetylated starch and biopolymer were added to the smoked pork sausage and physical characteristics, sensory qualify, and water holding capacity were Investigated. In the textural characteristics SA, SB and SC group were lower in hardness than control group. Cohesiveness was lower only on the SA group which was added by 0.6% acetylated starch. Adhesiveness was higher on the SA and SC group by addition of biopolymer. All treatment group were lower in springiness than control group. The effect of biopolymer and acetylated starch on gumminess and chewiness was evident but not constant In each group. In the mechanical characteristics such as hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness were indicated positive correlation coefficient, the other hand negative correlation in adhesiveness. The result of folding test was not changed in 20 days storage. At 30 days storage SB group contained the 0.6% acetylate starch showed the best point. The other hand the biopolymer added SA and SC group less acceptable, the biopolymer added SA and SC group, which were added by biopolymer and acetylated, indicated cap. 65% lower VBN value than control group. Sensory evaluation were not significantly difference in hardness, fracturability and adhesiveness but cohesiveness was higher in SC group. Gumminess was significantly higher in SA and SC group by biopolymer addition. Overall acceptability in sensory evaluation were significantly higher In SC group by biopolymer addition. Overall acceptability in sensory evaluation correlated significantly with fracturability, chewiness and gumminess. Chewiness of sensory evaluation and mechanical gumminess were not significantly correlated.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-79
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• 2009

Objective: I carried out this study for research on thermographic change of DITI by Sugi Therapy. Methods: This study was conducted on 22 normal cases (M : F =4:18) with no past history to observe the effect of Sugi Therapy. 22 cases were divided into 2 groups. One group is a control group treated by only Acupuncture Therapy. The other group is a treatment group treated by Acupuncture Therapy and Sugi Therapy. I measured temperature of abdomen and palm by DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging) before and after treatment Result: 1. Overall the temperature difference of the treatment group was bigger than that of the control group. 2. On the palm, the average value of the treatment group was -0.56±0.70, which is lower 10 times than -0.06±0.91 of the control group. 3. On Chung-wan(CV12), the average value of the treatment group was 1.20±0.49, which is 2.15 times higher than 0.56±0.44 of the control group. 4. On Kwanwon(CV4), the average value of the treatment group was 0.77±0.73, which is 1.38 times higher than 0.55±0.39 of the control group. 5. To compare the temperature difference on the palm, Chung-wan(CV12) and Kwanwon(CV4) before and after treatment, the order is like this :Chung-wan(CV12) > Kwanwon(CV4) > palm of all treatment group and control group. Conclusion: I came to a conclusion that Sugi Theraphy is likely to work better with Acupuncture Therapy better than only Acupuncture Therapy, especially on Chung-wan(CV12).

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extracts from Phyllostachys Folium(PF) on hyperlipiderma and liver damage induced by alcohol. Methods : Except for the normal group, we fed rat on 25% alcohol for 55 days. And extract was administrated for the same period. We measured the serum component in rat's blood, body weight and weight of liver. Results : At first, we observed effects of PF on hyperlipidemia induced by alcohol. PF group didn't show significant change of total cholesterol in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant increase of HDL(High-Density lipoprotein) cholesterol in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant decrease of triglyceride in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant increase of body weight in comparison with those of the control group at 4weeks and 8weeks. At second, I observed effects of PF group on liver damage induced by alcohol. PF group showed significant decrease of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH in comparison with those of the control group. PF group showed significant increase of liver weight in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that water extracts from Phyllostachys Folium(PF) have pharmaceutical efficacy on hyperlipidemia and liver damage induced by alcohol. Therefore further additional study should be conducted to elucidate in depth the pharmaceutical efficacy of these.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the major vascular system to supply flap, flap survival rate and complications after flap elevation in order to evaluate possibility of the vascularized face/scalp allotransplantation. Forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. Individuals of control group had a face/scalp composite unit which was composed of skin, subcutaneous tissue and platysma muscle, supplying by bilateral facial artery, temporal artery and auricular artery and draining by external jugular vein. After a flap was elevated, bilateral facial artery, temporal artery and auricular artery were ligated. On the other hand, those of experimental group had the same composite unit as control group with bilateral facial artery, temporal artery and auricular artery being not ligated. We had measured survival area of flaps of the sixteen individuals survived for four weeks in the control group and fourteen in the experimental group by Grid method. The mean survival durations of the flap were 3.7days in the control group, 20.0days in the experimental group. The significant differences in the mean survival durations and survival rate at the 28days were found between the control and experimental group (p<0.05). Mean values about the survival area's fractions of all were $1.3{\pm}4.%$ in the control group and $63.1{\pm}4.8%$ in the experimental group. Those of experimental group was significantly higher than control group statistically (p<0.05). The composite face/scalp flap which we have elevated, supplied by bilateral facial artery, temporal artery, auricular artery and drained by external jugular vein has flap viability enough to be transplanted after its elevation.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2019

Objective : To investigate the effect of sihogayonggolmoryeotang (SY) on Single Prolonged Stress(SPS)-induced Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD). Method : To confirm the effects of SY on SPS-induced PTSD, Changes in body weight, sucrose intake open field test(OFT) and forced swimming test(FST)were observed. After behavioral tests, the plasma corticosterone(CORT) from the abdominal aorta, serotonin(5-HT) from prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, norepinephrine(NE) and dopamine(DA) from hippocampus was measured by ELISA. mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) in hippocampus was measured by RT-PCR. Result : Weight change and sucrose intakes of rats in 14th day after the administration of SY were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared to the SPS group (p<0.05). Numbers of crossing in the central zone in the OFT were significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group (p<0.05) compared with the SPS group. The immobility time of FST was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with SPS group (p<0.05). The change of plasma CORT concentration was significantly decreased in SPS + SY450 group compared with that in SPS group (p<0.05). The change of 5-HT concentration was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group at hippocampus and amygdala compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The concentration of DA was significantly increased in the SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). The expression of BDNF and CREB were significantly increased in SPS + SY450 group compared with the SPS group (p<0.05). Conclusion : SY administration lowered the increase of CORT caused by PTSD and increases the 5-HT concentration and reversed the decreased expression of NE and DA and BDNF and CREB by PTSD. It is postulated that SY is effective in treating PTSD by restoring cognitive function, memory impairment, unstable emotional disturbances.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objectives: This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol(LU7), Yogu(LR5) and Yolgyol+Yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism, atherogenic index, HTR(HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio) and liver function in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LU7(LU7 group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LR5(LR5 group), LLLAT at LU7 and LR5(LU7+LR5 group). Animals was treated by the LLLAT at 30mW-5min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results: Body weight was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food intake was increased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipids were decreased significantly in LR5, LU7+LR5 group, triglyceride and fee fatty acid were decreased significantly in LU7 group when compared with control group. Atherogenic index was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. HTR was increased significantly in LU7 group when compared with conool group. In the liver function, the significance was not showed in AST and ALT, ALP was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Conclusions: LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 maybe can manage hyperlipidemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-130
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture on Diabetes Mellitus induced by streptozotocin in rat. Body weight, serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, free cholesterol and total protein were measured in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat injected with Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture solution at Pisu(BL20) respectively for 30 days. In order to study the effects of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture at Pisu(BL20) on Diabetes Mellitus induced by Streptozotocin in rat, The groups were divided into five groups; Normal group(non treated group), N.-Saline group(administration of injection with normal saline at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection), Control group(non treated group after streptozotocin injection), H. Acup. group (administration of Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection), and Acup. group (administration of acupuncture at BL20 in 30 days after streptozotocin injection). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. As compared with Control group, there wae no significant tendency to diminish the rate of weight loss in H. - Acup. group. 2. As compared with Control group, there wae signiticant increase of serum insulin level in H. -Acup. group. 3. As compared with Control group, there was decrease of glucose level in H.- Acup. group. 4. As compared with Control group, there was decrease of triglyceride level in H. - Acup. group. 5. As compared with Control group, trere wae increase of HDL cholesterol level in H. - Acup. group. 6. As compared with Control group, there was significant increase of free cholesterol level in H. - Acup. group. 7. As compared with Control group, there was Increase of total protein level in H. - Acup. group. According to above mentioned results, Liriopis Tuber Herbal-Acupuncture was expected to be effective in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2001

The purpose of this article was to compare the fluoridation effect via individual tray with other professional methods. In oder to compare the fluoridation effect, 40 extracted human teeth was divided into 4 groups(each group was composed of 10 teeth) and the surface hardness of each group was tested in untreated, after fluoridation, after fluoridation and etching by 10% lactic acids. group I: no fluoridation(control) group II : fluoridation with 123%APF group III : fluoridation by iontophoresis with 2% NaF group IV : fluoridation by individual tray with 4% SnF2 gel Surface hardness was measured with Micro hardness tester(Shimadzu Co. Japan), Data analysis was conducted using the repeated measures ANOVA test. The results were as follows: 1. Four tested groups demonstrated nearly the same SMH in extracted state. 2. The SMH after fluoridation showed $330.57{\pm}139.09kg/mm^2$ in group IV, $221.79{\pm}187.48kg/mm^2$ in group II, $186.43{\pm}53.13kg/mm^2$ in group III. So the SMH of group IV, II were was significantly increased(p<0.01). 3. The SMH of group II, III, IV after acid etching was higher than the control group(p<0.01). 4. The SMH between group II, III, and IV after acid etching was not different significantly.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.94-112
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a standardized patients managed instruction program for a fundamentals of nursing. The standardized patients managed instruction was evaluated by using a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group posttest design with two separate classes of sophomore students attending fundamentals of nursing classes at one baccaleureate nursing school in Korea. Control group was taught by traditional lecture/model instruction and experimental group was taught by standardized patient managed instruction. Data were collected from December, 1999 to July, 2000 using checklist developed by researcher on following areas; clinical nursing performance, communication skills, and learning motivation. There were 36 students in the experimental group and 40 students in the control group. Data analysis was done using SPSS WINDOW. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Clinical nursing performances were evaluated by change position, back care and hot bag apply. The total score was statistically significant higher in the experimental group than the control group(t=3.325, p=.000). Thus hypothesis 1 was supported. 2. Communication skill was evaluated by professional attitude and ability to explain to patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (t=4.232, p=.000). Thus hypothesis 2 was supported. 3. Learning motivation was evaluated by self-reported questionnaires. There was statistically a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(t=3.024, p=.004). Thus hypothesis 3 was supported. In conclusion, this study suggests that standardized patients managed instruction is an effective learning method to nursing students. By utilizing a standardized patient managed instruction, learning can proceed in a more relaxed environment and reduce the risks to patients because student inexperience are avoided. It is recommended to develop more standardized patients cases for wider areas of nursing educational and evaluate the program with more students using logitudinal method.