• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.685-690
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• 2002

The effects of mycelium of Cordyceps militaris on the growth, the lipid metabolism, the serum protein levels and the enzyme activities in male rats were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of five weeks: either a control diet, a control diet supplemented with 2%, 3% or 4% mycelium of Cordyceps militaris (CM) powder. The body weight gain, hepatic weight, feed efficiency ratio and the feed intake of the rats given diets with 2%, 3% or 4% CM were similar to those in rats given the control diet. The concentrations of hepatic total lipid and triglyceride of rats fed the 3% or 4% CM diets were significantly lower than those of rats fed the control diet. But the concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol and phospholipid of rats fed the all CM diets were similar to those of rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride phospholipid, and the atherogenic index, and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase in serum of rats fed the all CM diets were significantly lower than those of rats fed the control diet. No differences were noted in the concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin and creatinine, and the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ${\gamma}$ -glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the rats with on all the experimental diets. These results showed that the all CM diets feeding decreased the total cholesterol, the triglyceride, the phopholipid, and the atherogenic index in serum of rats.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.256-268
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• 1986

We'd experienced 172 cases of fatty liver among 3,713 cases, that was examined by ultrasonography at medical department, Dae Han Kyoyuk Ins. company for recent one year from november, 1984 to November, 1985. The conclusions are as follows; 1. The possessing rate of fatty liver is 4.63% in total caees 138/2234 male(6.18%), 34/2234 female(2.3%) and that in male is 2.7 times than female. 2. In the distribution of fatty liver for age, the group of $21{\sim}30$ years are 9/564 cases(1.6%), the group of $31{\sim}40$ years are 74/1777, the group of $41{\sim}50$ years are 59/976(6.05%),the group of $51{\sim}60$ years are 29/240(12.08%) with age, the possessing rate of fatty liver was increased. 3. For sex, age, the possessing rate of fatty liver, in male $21{\sim}30$ years 8/329 cases(2.43%), $31{\sim}40$ years 64/118(5.72%) $41{\sim}50$ years 43/618(6.96%), $51{\sim}60$ years 22/134(16.42%) and in female, $21{\sim}30$ years 1/335(0.3%), $31{\sim}40$ years 10/659(1.52%) $41{\sim}50$ years 16/358(4.47%), $51{\sim}60$ years 7/106(6.6%) and then in total sex, with age, the incidence was increased. 4. 172 cases in fatty liver, we could find 109 cases of obesity(63.37%), in female the rate was more. 5. The abnormal was 13.95% for the level of Fasting blood sugar of fatty liver 172 cases, the average level of blood sugar was high markedly in female, on the contrary the number of abnormal blood sugar level was high in male. 6. In liver function test of 172 cases of fatty liver, the abnormal of sGOT value was 18.6%, sGOT value 20.93%, average of abnormal group in sGOT value was 52.62 units, sGPT value 56.99 units.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.217-221
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• 1999

Background and Objectives: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis or Kikuchi's disease has now become recognized in many parts of the world as a well-defined clinicopathologic entity. It typically affects cervical lymph nodes of young women, and subsides spontaneously within a few months without recurrences. The purpose of this study is to report the clinicopathologic finding, radiologic finding and many laboratory tests to elaborate the criteria that are useful in distinguishing this entity from inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease, lymphoma, malignant disease. Material and Methods: Authors evaluated 22 patients, who were diagnosed as subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis on excisional biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology with retrospective chart review. Results: The patient population consisted of 21 women and 1 men. The mean age was 25 years old(range 17 to 42 years). All patient had palpable neck mass and associated fever, headache, weight loss, otalgia, diarrhea, night sweating. and associated disorder is dermatitis, hepatitis B, SLE, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, albinism et al. The multiple bilateral involvement of cervical lymph node was 20 cases(91%) and multiple unilateral 18 cases(82%), multiple bilateral 2 cases(9%). Solitary involvement was 2 cases(9%), mean size of involved lymph node was 2.0cm. In laboratory tests, leukopenia 17 cases(72%), elevated ESR 12 cases(54%), elevated GOT, GPT 3 cases(13%). In CT finding, lymph nodes enhanced in homogeneous fashion, and there was no evidence of central necrosis. Conclusion: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, Kikuchi's disease may be easily confused clinically, pathologically, radiologically with malignant lymphoma, inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease. We should consider open biopsy of lymph node in the patient which had unilateral multiple cervical lymph node and in laboratory tests, were leukopenia, elevated ESR, especially in young women. otherwise, result of fine needle aspiration biopsy is nonspecific, excisional biopsy is recommended in order to differentiate other disease.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1999

In order to investigate the immune response induced by supplementation of herb medical stuff in diet on the nile tilapia. Oreochromis niloticus, experiments were performed with feeding of four different experimental diets supplemented with 2% ginseng. Panax ginseng, 3% Kugija. Lycium chinense, 3% Hasuo, Polygonum multiflorum, 2% Omija, Schizandra chinensis, respectively, for 84 days. The non-specific immune responses changed during the feeding period were investigated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks in each group. Average body weight of the nile tilapia with supplemented diets was heavier than control group. The fish fed on diet supplemented with 3% Kugija showed the better growth than the other tested groups. Complement activity such as complete hemolytic activity ($CH_{50}$) and bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli tended to be increased by the supplementation of herb medical stuff. The lysozyme activity of serum and adherent phagocyte activity showed higher in the fish fec on diet supplemented with 3% kugija than the other tested groups. In respect to the RPS against experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection, all of the group fed on the herb medical stuff in diet appeared higher response compared with control group. From these results, herb medical stuff (Panax ginseng, Lycium chinense. Polygonum multiflorum, Schizandra chinensis) might be used a additives of diet for the increasing of non-specific immune response or resistance against bacterial fish diseases.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2005

Background: The management of hepatic injuries has changed dramatically during the past two decade after the technologic breakthroughs in radiologic imaging techniques. Recently, the non-operative management of blunt hepatic trauma has become the standard of care in hemodynamically stable patients. We reviewed our experience of the non-operative management of blunt hepatic trauma. And the purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic factors and indicators affecting the decision for treatment modality of emergent hepatic trauma. Methods: The medical records of 84 patients who were treated for blunt hepatic injury at Masan Samsung Hospital from January 2002 to December 2003. The patients were divided two groups, non-operative(Non-OP) and operative(OP), according to the treatment modality. The two groups were compares for age, sex, mechanism of injury, grade of liver injury scale, combined injury, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count, S-GOT, S-GPT, ALP, transfusion amount during initial 24 hours, amount of infused crystalloid fluid, length of ICU stay, length of ward care, morbidity and mortality. The grade of the liver injury were determined by using the organ injury scale(OSI). Results: Among the 84 patients, 46 cases(54.8%) were managed non-surgically, and 3 cases of Non-OP group were treated by transarterial embolization. Between the two groups, there were significant difference in age, injury grade, combined injury, hemoglobin, hematocrit, initial systolic blood pressure, amount of infused crystalloid fluid, amount of transfusion during the first 24 hours, and length of ICU care, morbidity and mortality.(p<0.05) The overall mortality rate was 8.3%, but 2.2% mortality in the non-operative group. Conclusion: Non-operative management may be considered as a first choice in hemodynamic stable patients with blunt liver trauma. The reliable indicators affecting the treatment modality of blunt hepatic trauma were systolic BP, Hb, Hct, amount of infused crystalloid fluid, amount of transfusion during the first 24 hours, liver injury grade and combined injury. Strict selection of treatment madality and aggresive monitoring with intensive care unit were more important.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2001

Oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in the development of vascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. We examined the antioxidative effect of sesamin and sesamolin on the preventing the development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin-induced Spraque Dawley diabetic rats. From 48 hours after injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight), a portion of diabetic rats were fed with 0.2% sesamin and sesamolin containing diet for 3 weeks. There were significant differences of blood glucose and kidney weight between diabetic ports and control. Sesamin and sesamolin increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in kidney. The concentration of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the serum, liver, and kidney of diabetic rats administered sesamin and sesamolin decreased significantly as compared with that of the non-treated diabetic group. Dietary sesamin and sesamolin suppressed the oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that sesamin and sesamolin are potential and effective antioxidants that can protect the complications associated with diabetes.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.76-91
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• 2002

The lipid lowering and antioxidant effects of Gansoo(BL18), Pungji(GB20) and Eumnungcheun(SP9) acupuncture in rats fed high fat diet were analyzed in biochemical and molecular biological aspects. The results obtained from this study are as follows : 1. In the body weight reduction, all acupuncture groups showed a high reduction compared to those of control group and in acupuncture groups, Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a high reduction. 2. The concentration of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol with acupuncture groups showed a little decrease and in acupuncture groups, Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) groups showed a low values compared to those of other acupuncture groups. However, the tendency of HDL-cholesterol concentration showed no significant different. 3. The concentration of plasma ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ and free fatty acids showed a lowest values in the Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups and the glucose concentration showed to decrease in all treated acupuncture groups. 4. The concentration of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a lower values than those of control group. 5. In all the acupuncture groups, the plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activity showed a little decrease. In the glutamic pyruvate activity(GPT), Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a lower values than those of control groups. However the values of eumneungcheun acupuncture only group showed no significant difference to those of control group. 6. The plasma and liver Thiobabituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups were a lower than those of control group. However the values of eumneungcheun acupuncture group showed no significant difference to control group. 7. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Gansoo(BL18) acupuncture group and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) acupuncture groups showed a high values. The catalase (CAT) activity in all the acupuncture groups showed a higher values than those of control group. 8. In acupuncture groups, DNA expression of Apo-B and Apo-E showed a tendency to decrease, however DNA expression of leptin showed no significant difference in all treatment groups. DNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed a increase in acupuncture groups. These results indicate that Gansoo(BL18) and Pungji(GB20) (especially Gansoo(BL18)) acupuncture affect the lipid metabolism and showed possibility of lowering adipose tissue mass and lipid peroxidation.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.2 s.20
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• pp.33-41
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• 1976

Agkistrodon halys (Crotalidae) is the only species of poisonous snakes in Korea, and is divided into three subspecies; Agkistrodon bromhoffii brevicaudus, Agkistrodon calaginosus and Agkistrodon saxatilis. With the three venoms, the pharmacological actions on the cardiovascular system and intestine as well as some toxicological characteristics were studied. In addition, the precipitin test in an agar gel medium was employed for immunological comparison of the venoms and the sera of envenomed patients. The results obtained were as follows: Lyophilized venoms contained solids of $211{\sim}273mg/ml$, and LD50 to mice were 1.73 and 0.86 mg/kg in venoms of Agkistrodon bromhoffii brevicaudus obtained on July and October respectively, and 0.40 and 0.32 mg/kg in Agkistrodon calaginosus and the venoms of Agkistrodon saxatilis obtained on October was 2.29 mg/kg. Isoelectric focusing of lyophilized snake venoms showed 19 to 22 protein fractions and 2 to 3 isoamylase fractions. Acute irreversible hypotension was caused by the intravenous injection of large doses of venoms in rabbits and cats, but at the small doses, acute hypotension followed by slow recovery. Little changes of cardiac movements by the venom injection despite of marked hypotension were showed except bradycardia and arrhythmia prior the death. Also no changes on the isolated rabbit atria by the snake venoms were noted. The hypotensive effect of the snake venoms was prevented by the bilateral vagotomy or atropine pretreatment (1 mg/kg), but they did not affect when already the hypotension has undergone. In the isolated rabbit duodenum, small doses of venom increased the phasic movement, while large doses decreased after spastic contraction. With the injection of venoms in dog, strong contraction of gall-bladder was caused and it was not blocked by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg) or atropine (1.4 mg/kg). In the venoms of Agkistrodon bromhoffii brevicaudus and Agkistrodon calaginosus, at least 5 antigenic components were detected, and four of them were shared in common with each other. Polyvalent antivenin (Wyeth Lab. USA) had three common precipitating antibodies with the venom of Agkistrodon bromhoffii brevicaudus and Akistrodon calaginosus. In the serum of envenomed patients, no precipitating antibodies were seen to the venoms and little changes in serum protein, GOT and GPT were observed. In conclusion, the snake venoms obtained in Korea were highly toxic and caused chiefly the vascular collapse leading to death. This vascular collapse was resulted largely by cholinergic effects, and not cardiotoxin of venoms. In human, it is likely that precipitating antibodies to venom were not produced by an envenomed incidence to poisonous snakes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 1988

This study was done to determine the effect of antioxidants added perilla oil diet on the content of cholesterol, vitamin E, and lipid peroxide in serum and tissue of rats. Four groups of experimental diets, such none added perilla oil diet, ascorbic acid added perilla oil diet, vitamin E added perilla oil diet, EDTA added perilla oil diet were fed ad libitum to the 4 weeks white male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1) The body weight gain in all experimental diet groups was higher than the control gorup and EDTA added diet group was lower than the other experimental diet group, while food intake in vitamin E added diet group was the highest and vitamin C added diet group was the lowest in the control group. 2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group and especially the level of total cholesterol in none added diet group and vitamin C added diet group were significantly lower than that of control group. 3) HDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group and especially none added diet group was significantly lower than that of control group. 4) The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in serum of all experimental diet group except EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group and especially none added diet group was significanly higher than that of the control group. The activites of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum of all experimental diet groups except vitamin C added group were higher than that of control group. 5) Vitamin E levels in serum of none added diet group and vitamin C added diet group were lower than that of the control group and vitamin E added diet group and EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group. 6) Vitamin E levels in liver of all experimental diet groups were higher than that of control group and especially none added diet group and vitamin E added diet group were significantly higher than that of the control group. 7) Lipid peroxide in serum of all experimental diet group were lower than that of control group and especially EDTA added diet group. 8) Lipid peroxide in liver and spleen of all experimental diet groups were higher than that of the control group and lipid peroxide in kidney of all experimental diet groups except EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group. Four these results, as vitamin C, vitamin E and EDTA added diets have an effect to lipid peroxide by antioxidants, it could be suggested that perilla oil diet has required to add antioxidant because it has not sufficient vitamin E for antioxidant and intake and overtake level of perilla oil diet should be studied to go ahead.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 2008

Many herbal extracts have been reported to have a preventive or therapeutic effect of on diabetes mellitus. Momordica Charantia commonly known as bitter melon or karela has been reported to be a medicinal plant for treating various diseases including cancers and diabetes. The objectives of this study were to investigate anti-diabetic effects of bitter melon (BM) as determined by blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), insulin and HbA1C activities in serum, serum biochemical and lipid levels, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and AMPK-${\alpha}2$ expression of skeletal muscle in male C57BL/6J db/db mice. There were four experimental groups including vehicle control, BM 10 mg/kg, BM 50 mg/kg, and BM 250 mg/kg. BM at doses of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg was orally administered to the diabetic mice everyday for 8 weeks. The treatments of BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose level in the diabetic mice compared with vehicle control (p < 0.05). The treatments of BM 10 and 50 mg/kg significantly decreased the GTT, ITT and HbA1c levels in the diabetic mice compared with vehicle control (p < 0.05). All BM groups significantly decreased GOT, GPT, BUN, LDL and glucose levels in the diabetic mice compared with the vehicle control mice (p < 0.05). The livers of mice treated with the BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg showed a remarkable decrease in the number of lipid droplets compared with the vehicle control. The pancreas of mice treated with the BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg showed a remarkable increase in insulin concentration of ${\beta}$-cells compared with the vehicle control. In addition, the treatments of BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg actually increased the expression of AMPK-${\alpha}2$ compared with vehicle control. These results suggest that BM has a respectable anti-diabetic effect resulting from inhibition of blood glucose level and lipid level in serum and that consumption of BM may give a benefit for controlling diabetes mellitus in humans.