• Advances in environmental research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-104
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• 2015

Air Quality Index (AQI) is a pointer to broadcast short term air quality. This paper presents one day ahead AQI forecasting on seasonal basis for three major cities in Maharashtra State, India by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Programming (GP). The meteorological observations & previous AQI from 2005-2008 are used to predict next day's AQI. It was observed that GP captures the phenomenon better than ANN and could also follow the peak values better than ANN. The overall performance of GP seems better as compared to ANN. Stochastic nature of the input parameters and the possibility of auto-correlation might have introduced time lag and subsequent errors in predictions. Spectral Analysis (SA) was used for characterization of the error introduced. Correlational dependency (serial dependency) was calculated for all 24 models prepared on seasonal basis. Particular lags (k) in all the models were removed by differencing the series, that is converting each i'th element of the series into its difference from the (i-k)"th element. New time series is generated for all seasonal models in synchronization with the original time line & evaluated using ANN and GP. The statistical analysis and comparison of GP and ANN models has been done. We have proposed a promising approach of use of GP coupled with SA for real time prediction of seasonal multicity AQI.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2317-2325
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• 2014

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter superfamily and mediates transmembrane efflux of many drugs. Since it is involved in multi-drug resistance activity in various cancer cells, the development of P-gp inhibitor is one of the major concerns in anticancer therapy. Human P-gp protein has at least two "functional" drug binding sites that are called "H" site and "R" site, hence it has multi-binding-specificities. Though the amino acid residues that constitute in drug binding pockets have been proposed by previous experimental evidences, the shapes and the binding poses are not revealed clearly yet. In this study, human P-gp structure was built by homology modeling with available crystal structure of mouse P-gp as a template and docking simulations were performed with inhibitors such as verapamil, hoechst33342, and rhodamine123 to construct the interaction between human P-gp and its inhibitors. The docking simulations were performed 500 times for each inhibitor, and then the interaction frequency of the amino acids at the binding poses was analyzed. With the analysis results, we proposed highly contributing residues that constitute binding pockets of the human P-gp for the inhibitors. Using the highly contributing residues, we proposed the locations and the shapes of verapamil binding site and "R" site, and suggested the possible position of "H" site.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2010

P-gp plays a critical role in drug disposition and represents a mechanism for the development of multidrug resistance. Flavonoids, a major class of natural compounds widely present in foods and herbal products, have been shown to inhibit P-gp. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify new candidate chemosensitizers by screening various plant extracts. The ability of natural plant extracts to inhibit P-gp activity was assessed by measuring cellular accumulation of calcein AM, daunorubicin and vincristine in P-gp overexpressing MDCKII-MDR1 cells. Among more than 800 plant extracts, eight were found to inhibit P-gp activity. Curcuma aromatica extract produced greatest inhibition, followed by Curcuma longa and Dalbergia odorifera extracts. Extracts of Aloe ferox, Curcuma zedoariae rhizome, Zanthoxylum planispinum, and Ageratum conyzoides showed moderate inhibitory effects. Curcumin and quercetin exhibited similar inhibition of P-gpmediated efflux of daunorubicin and vincristine, and flavones had a lesser effect. When chemosensitizing effect was evaluated by measuring daunorubicin sensitivity to MDCKII-MDR1 cells in the presence of natural plant extracts, Curcuma aromatica showed the most potent chemosensitizing effect based on daunorubicin cytotoxicity. In conclusion, natural plant extracts such as Curcuma aromatica can potently inhibit P-gp activity and may have potential as a novel chemosensitizers.

• Plant Resources
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 1999

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the variability of seed germination and seedling growth with different levels of polyethylene glycol(PEG 6,000) solution in onion seed. Average germination percentage of seed primed in PEG solution with 1.00 and 0.75 MPa was higher than control, and that of seed primed in 1.50MPa was lower than unprimed control. Germination percentage(GP) of seed primed for 5 days was highest, and as the primed days become long, the GP was decreased. The GP of airation seed during the primed was higher than that of unairation seed, about 5% , respectively. The GP of washed seed after primed was higher than that of unwashed seed, but that of redried seed after primed was lower than that of the others. The highest GP cultivar was Chunjoogoohyung and the lowest GP cultivar was Seouldego in unredried seed after primed, but Chunjoojoonggo was highest and Jungpoonwhang was the lowest cultivar in redried seed after primed. As the PEG concentration increased, the seedling length(SL) was shortened, and seed primed for 15 days was longer than other treatments. The SL of primed seed was similar to GP. The SL of washed seed after primed was longer than that of others, but that of redried seed after primed was shortest among the others. The SL of Chunjoojoonggo and Nongwoodego was longest and Seouldego was shortest among the cultivars in unredried seed after primed, but that of Chunjoogoohyung and Chunjoojoonggo was longest and Seouldego was the shortest cultivars in redried seed after primed.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 기존의 superscalar GP-GPU 구조와 달리 superscalar issue를 제거하여 GP-GPU성능을 향상하는 방법을 제안한다. superscalar issue를 제거하기 위해 stream processor의 구조를 단순화했다. stream processor의 구조가 단순화 됨에 따라 하드웨어의 크기를 크게 늘리지 않고 thread 개 수가 늘려 성능을 개선하였다. thread 개수가 늘어남에 따라 thread의 묶음인 warp을 관리하는 warp scheduler 구조를 새롭게 제안하였다. 제안하는 warp scheduler는 superscalar issue가 제거 되어 있기 때문에 warp 활성화 정보를 통해 라운드 로빈 스케쥴링을 통해 활성화 된 warp에게 명령어를 전달한다. 성능 비교는 가우시안 필터링 연산을 사용하였으며 기존의 GP-GPU의 비해 7.89배의 성능향상을 보였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.337-340
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• 2009

3차원 그래픽 처리를 위한 가속기 하드웨어가 발표된 이후 GPU(Graphics Processing Unit)의 성능은 끊임없이 개선되어 왔다. 이는 복잡한 그래픽 어플리케이션의 연산을 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 추세이나 실제로 GPU의 리소스를 100% 활용하는 경우는 드물다. 최근 주목받고 있는 GP-GPU(General-Purpose GPU)는 GPU에서 담당하는 연산을 포함하고 CPU가 처리하는 일반적인 연산의 처리도 가능하여 프로세서 자원의 분배에 따라 효율적인 제어가 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 GP-GPU 기반 환경을 가상으로 구현하여 프로그램의 설계 및 디버깅이 가능한 시뮬레이터를 구현하였다. 이를 통해 동시 설계(Co-Design) 환경을 구성하여 동시적 개발 환경을 지원하고 3차원 그래픽 컨텐츠의 디스플레이가 가능한 인터페이스를 구축하여 빠르고 안정적인 검증이 가능하다.

• 암석학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 1998

연구지역의 화강암류는 각섬석 흑운모 화강암(Hbgr), 변형된 흑운모 화강암(Dbgr), 변형된 홍색 흑운모 화강암(Dpbgr), 흑운모 화강암(Btgr), 화강 반암(Gp) 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 이들 화강암류는 전암의 화학조성으로부터 메타알루미나질, I-형, 칼크-알칼리계열 등의 특징을 보인다. Hbgr과 Dbgr은 대체로 티탄철석계열, Dpbgr과 Btgr은 티탄철석계열과 자철석계열의 양쪽을 나타내며, Gp는 자철석계열의 특징을 보인다. 화강암류 관입의 지구조환경을 살피면, Hbgr과 Dbgr의 경우 활동성 대륙주변부를 나타내지만, Dpbgr, Btgr 및 Gp의 경우 후조산운동 내지 비조산성의 지각융기 등에 관련된 환경을 나타낸다. 주성분원소의 관계로부터 Hbgr과 Dbgr에서는 산화물의 함량이 SiO2 함량의 증가에 따라 체계적이고 연속적인 함량 변화를 보여 성인적인 연관성이 있는 반면, Dpbgr, Btgr, Gp의 산화물 함량 변화에서는 서로에 대한 체계적이고 연속적인 변화를 인식할 수 없어 각각의 암상은 서로 독립적인 조성의 마그마로부터 형성되었다고 판단된다. Hbgr과 Dbgr의 경우 야외에서의 점이적인 암상변화와 더불어 광물조성의 유사성, 주성분원소 함량의 점이적인 변화 등으로부터 동일 마그마로부터 유래 되었다고 생각된다. 백록 화강섬록암과 Hbgr의 주성분원소 변화경향이 일반적으로 매우 유사하고 비교적 연속적이다. 만일 동일 마그마로부터 유래되었다면, 이 두 암체는 백악기의 흑운모 화강암(Btgr)과 화강반암(Gp)에 의해 분리되었을 것으로 판단된다. 연구지역에서의 화강암류의 관입은 적어도 세차례에 걸쳐 일어났으며, 고생대 후기 내지 중생대 초기에 Hbgr과 Dbgr의 관입이, 백악기에 Btgr과 Gp의 관입이 있었으며, 그 사이에 Dpbgr의 관입이 있었다. 그리고 Dpbgr의 관입과 백악기 화강암류 관입 사이에 전단운동을 비롯한 드러스트 형성 등의 구조운동이 있었을 것으로 고찰된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2014

Peripheral neuropathy induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy is not only difficult to distinguish in clinical practice, but also difficult to relieve the pain symptoms by analgesics because of the severity of the disease at the later stage. Hence, to explore the mechanisms of HIV-related neuropathy and find new therapeutic options are particularly important for relieving neuropathic pain symptoms of the patients. In the present study, primary cultured embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used to determine the neurotoxic effects of HIV-gp120 protein and/or antiretroviral drug dideoxycytidine (ddC) and the therapeutic actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on gp120- or ddC-induced neurotoxicity. DRG neurons were exposed to gp120 (500 pmol/L), ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$), gp120 (500 pmol/L) plus ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$), gp120 (500 pmol/L) plus IGF-1 (20 nmol/L), ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$) plus IGF-1 (20 nmol/L), gp120 (500 pmol/L) plus ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$) plus IGF-1 (20 nmol/L), respectively, for 72 hours. The results showed that gp120 and/or ddC caused neurotoxicity of primary cultured DRG neurons. Interestingly, the severity of neurotoxicity induced by gp120 and ddC was different in different subpopulation of DRG neurons. gp120 mainly affected large diameter DRG neurons (> $25{\mu}m$), whereas ddC mainly affected small diameter DRG neurons (${\leq}25{\mu}m$). IGF-1 could reverse the neurotoxicity induced by gp120 and/or ddC on small, but not large, DRG neurons. These data provide new insights in elucidating the pathogenesis of HIV infection- or antiretroviral therapy-related peripheral neuropathy and facilitating the development of novel treatment strategies.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.869-878
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• 2023

Objective: Hyperketonemia remains a major metabolic issue of serious milk production and a major health concern in early lactation cows. Oral supplementation of glucose precursors (GP) can be used to prevent hyperketonemia in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of orally supplementing a mixture of GP on metabolic health indicators and milk production status of primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows. Methods: Twenty-eight Holstein cows were blocked by expected date of parturition, previous lactation yield, and parity. The cows were randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups (n = 7 cows/group) based on their parity and GP supplementation: i) PP cows fed basal diet only (PP-CON), ii) PP cows with oral supplementation of GP (PP-GP), iii) MP cows fed basal diet only (MP-CON), and iv) MP cows with oral supplementation of GP (MP-GP). Glucose precursor (glycoline liquid) was orally drenched (300 mL/d) in GP cows from 7 days prepartum through 7 days postpartum. Other than GP supplementation, all cows were fed similar pre- and postpartum basal diets. Results: In both pre- and postpartum periods, serum glucose concentration was increased, whereas β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids were decreased in GP cows compared with the CON cows. Milk yield and milk components were statistically not different between GP and CON cows over the first 9 week of lactation. The yield of actual milk, energy-corrected milk, 63-days cumulative milk, colostrum yield, and calf birth weight remained higher in MP cows compared with PP cows. Conclusion: Oral drenching of GP around calving can be recommended to successfully improve the metabolic health and reduce the negative effects of hyperketonemia not only in MP but also in PP dairy cows.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.293-295
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• 2015

AIS의 내부 GPS는 UTC 동기 설정에 사용되며, AIS가 내부 GPS에 직접적으로 동기를 맞추지 못하면 직접동기를 하고 있는 주변 기지국 또는 선박국에 간접동기를 맞추도록 되어 있다. 그러나 내부 GPS 수신 상태가 불량하거나 GPS 접속 설정이 잘못된 경우 미송신이 발생하거나 잘못된 동적정보를 제공하는 등 AIS 동작에 오류가 발생하고 있다. 여기에서는 내부 GPS가 불량할 경우 AIS 작동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다.