• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2009

GOMS model is a cognitive modeling method of human performance based on Goal, Operators, Methods, Selection rules. GOMS model was originally designed for desktop environment so that it is difficult for GOMS model to be implemented into the mobile environment. In addition, GOMS model would be inaccurate because the original GOMS model was based on serial processing, excluding one of most important human information processing characteristics, parallel processing. Therefore this study was designed to propose a modified GOMS model including mobile computing and parallel processing. In order to encompass mobile environment, an operator of 'look for' was divided into 'visual move to' and 'recognize' whereas 'point to' and 'click' were combined into 'tab.' The results showed that newly introduced operators were necessary to estimate more accurate mobile computing behaviors. In conclusion, modified-GOMS model could predict human performance more accurately than the original GOMS model in the mobile computing environment.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.1652-1660
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• 2009

본 연구는 대규모 다중 사용자 온라인 게임에 관한 게임플레이 과정을 GOMS(Goal Operator Method Selection Rule)로 모형화 하는데 목적이 있다. GOMS 분석은 HCI(Human Computer Interaction)의 연구방법으로서 전문가의 행동을 모형화 하고 그들의 행동을 예측하는 것이다. 초보자 가이드와 온라인 게임 매뉴얼을 이용하여 GOMS의 목표, 작용소를 찾고 3명의 전문가를 대상으로 예비실험을 실시하여 GOMS의 방법과 선택규칙을 도출하였다. 예비실험결과를 토대로 30명의 전문 게이머들을 대상으로 본 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 게임 법칙에 대한 추상도 수준에 따른 법칙선택의 예측력은 96.25%, 제한사항의 복잡도에 따른 법칙선택의 예측력은 77.35%의 GOMS 모델 적합도가 산출 되었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 GOMS 모형은 게임을 설계하는 초기 단계에 새로운 평가 모형을 제시하며 게임의 품질을 향상할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1243-1252
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• 2012

최근 모바일 스마트 기기의 보편화로 인하여 사용자 인터페이스로부터 개인 정보를 직접 획득하는 유형의 공격(숄더 서핑 공격, 레코딩 공격 등) 위협이 크게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 공격 가능성 및 안전성에 대한 체계적 평가를 위해 정형화된 안전성 분석 모델이 필요하지만, 이에 적합한 모델이 존재하지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 스마트 기기환경의 안전성 및 사용성 분석 모델인 STM-GOMS 모델을 제안한다. STM-GOMS 모델은 HCI 인지 모델을 안전성 분석에 처음으로 활용한 이전 연구 사례를 메모리 한계 관점에서 개선한 GOMS 기반 모델로 인증 기법의 사용성과 안전성 평가가 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 현재 스마트 기기에서 사용 중인 패스워드 입력 기법을 STM-GOMS 모델로 분석하여 사용성과 숄더 서핑 공격에 취약함을 보이고 이를 실험을 통해 검증한다.

• 산업공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated interface for the usability test of systems or products in the design process. It is capable of automatically creating GOMS models which can predict human task performances. It can generate GOMS models to be interacted with the prototype interfaces. It can also effectively manage various design information and various usability test results to be implemented into the new product and/or system design. Thus we can perform usability test for products or system prototypes more effectively and also reduce time and effort required for this test. For usability tests, we established an integrated interface based on GOMS model by the LabVIEW program. We constructed the system that the linkage to GOMS model is available. Using this integrated interface, the menu structure of mobile phone can be constructed easily. User can design a depth and a breath that he want. The size of button and the label of the button is changable. The path to the goal can be defined by the user. Using a designed menu structure, the experiment could be performed. The results of GOMS model and the actual time are presented. Besides, values of operators of GOMS model can be defined as the value that user wants. Using the integrated interface that we developed, the optimal menu structure deducted. The menu structure that user wants can be established easily. The optimal layout and button size can be decided by comparison of numerous menu structures. User can choose the method of usability test among GOMS model and empirical data. Using this integrated interface, the time and costs can be saved and the optimal menu structure can be found easily.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2009

컴퓨터의 빠른 발달과 보급 속도로 인해 사용자와 컴퓨터 간의 상호작용(Human-Computer Interaction; HCI)이 중요해 지면서, 인터페이스 개발과 평가가 강조되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 시스템의 정량적 사용성 평가에 널리 이용되는 GOMS에 대한 이해와 함께 인터페이스 평가에서의 GOMS의 한계와 개선 방향에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 먼저 연구 대상이 되는 컴퓨터 작업 환경을 선정하고, 특정 작업에 대한 작업 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 작업 분석 결과를 바탕으로 NGOMSL을 이용하여 모델링 하였다. 모델링 결과 작업 Operators의 구성을 알 수 있었고, 총 수행시간과 학습시간을 예측할 수 있었다. GOMS 모델링 결과가 실제 사람의 수행 결과와 얼마나 일치하는지를 비교하기 위하여 Empirical Test를 실시하였고, 그 결과 GOMS 모델링을 통해 예측된 수행시간과 실험을 통해 얻은 총 수행시간 사이에는 큰 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 차이를 줄이고 실제 사용자의 수행과정과 유사하게 모델링을 하기 위하여 두 가지 가정을 바탕으로 GOMS 모델을 개선하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 GOMS 모델링은 컴퓨터 시스템의 효과적인 상대적 사용성 평가 도구로 활용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2011

In this study, we employ CPM-GOMS analysis for explaining physical and cognitive processes and for quantitatively predicting when users are typing Korean text messages on mobile phones using both hands. First, we observe the behaviors of 10 subjects, when the subjects enter keypads with both hands. Then, basing upon MHP, we categorize the behaviors into perceptual, cognitive, motor operators, and then we analyze those operators. After that, we use the critical paths to model two task sentences. Also, we used Fitts' law method which was applied many times to predict text entering time on mobile phone to compare with the results of our CPM-GOMS model. We followed Lee's (2008) method that is well suited for text entry task using both hands and calculate total task time for each task sentences. For the sake of comparison between the actual data and the results predicted from our CPM-GOMS model, we empirically tested 10 subjects and concluded that there were no significant differences between the predicted values and the actual data. With the CPM-GOMS model, we can observe the human information processes composed on the physical and cognitive processes. Also we verified that the CPM-GOMS model can be well applied to predict the users' performance when they input text messages on mobile phones using both hands by comparing the predicted total task time with the real execution time.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study is to extract GOMS manual operator, except for an experiment with participants. Background: The GOMS model has advantage of rapid modeling which is suitable for the environment of technology development which has a short life cycle products with a fast pace. The GOMS model was originally designed for desktop environment so that it is not adequate for implementing into the latest HCI environment such as small touch screen device. Therefore, this research proposed GOMS manual operator extraction methodology which is excluded experimental method. And flick Gesture was selected to explain application of proposed methodology to extract new operator. Method: Divide into start to final step of hand gesture needed to extract as an operator through gesture task analysis. Then apply the original GOMS operator to each similar step of gesture and modify the operator for implementation stage based on existing Fitts' law research. Steps that are required to move are modified based on the Fitts' law developed in touch screen device. Finally, new operator can be derived from using these stages and a validation experiment, performed to verify the validity of new operator and methodology by comparing human performance. Results: The average movement times of the participants' performance and the operator which is extracted in case study are not different significantly. Also the average of movement times of each type of view study is not different significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, the result of the proposed methodology for extracting new operator is similar to the result of the experiment with their participants. Furthermore the GOMS model included the operator by the proposed methodology in this research could be applied successfully to predict the user's performance. Application: Using this methodology could be applied to develop new finger gesture in the touch screen. Also this proposed methodology could be applied to evaluate the usability of certain system rapidly including the new finger gesture performance.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.780-793
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• 2022

Large-scale ontology management is one of the main issues when using ontology data practically. Although many approaches have been proposed in relational database management systems (RDBMSs) or object-oriented DBMSs (OODBMSs) to develop large-scale ontology management systems, they have several limitations because ontology data structures are intrinsically different from traditional data structures in RDBMSs or OODBMSs. In addition, users have difficulty using ontology data because many terminologies (ontology nodes) in large-scale ontology data match with a given string keyword. Therefore, in this study, we propose a (graph database-based ontology management system (GOMS) to efficiently manage large-scale ontology data. GOMS uses a graph DBMS and provides new query templates to help users find key concepts or instances. Furthermore, to run queries with multiple joins and path conditions efficiently, we propose GOMS encoding as a filtering tool and develop hash-based join processing algorithms in the graph DBMS. Finally, we experimentally show that GOMS can process various types of queries efficiently.

• 정보기술응용연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.139-160
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• 2000

본 논문은 작업그룹이 과업을 수행하는 인지적 과정을 분석하는 방안을 제시한다. 먼저, 그룹의 인지현상을 연구하는 분산인지이론을 검토하고, 기존의 개인 과업 분석 방법론중의 하나인 GOMS를 확장하여 그룹에 적용할 수 있는 분산형 GOMS 방법론을 제안한다. 제안한 분산형 GOMS 방법론을 따르면 각 구성원의 업무 수행 시간, 의사소통시간, 최대 인지 부하등을 기초로 작업그룹의 업무 수행시간과 인지부하의 균형도를 계산하여 그룹의 과업에 대해 분석할 수 있다. 분산형 GOMS 방법론은 정보시스템을 활용하여 업무를 수행하는 작업그룹의 인지적 과정을 분석하는데 적용할 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2011

The existing GOMS model overestimates the performance time of mouse activities because it describes them in a serial sequence. However, parallel movements of eye and hand(eye-hand coordination) have been dominant in mouse activities and this eye-hand coordination is the main factor for the overestimation of performance time. In this study, therefore, the revised CGOMSL model was developed to implement eye-hand coordination to the mouse activity to overcome one of the limitations of GOMS model, the lack of capability for parallel processing. The suggested revised CGOMSL model for drag activity, as an example for one of mouse activities in this study, begins visual search processing before a hand movement but ends the visual search processing with the hand movement in the same time. The results show that the revised CGOMSL model made the prediction of human performance more accurately than the existing GOMS model. In other words, one of the limitations of GOMS model, the incapability of parallel processing, could be overcome with the revised CGOMSL model so that the performance time should be more accurately predicted.