• 한국측량학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2018

Recently, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)-derived orthometric height determination has been studied to improve the time and cost-effectiveness of traditional leveling surveying. However, the accuracy of this new survey method was evaluated when unknown points are located lower than control points. In this study, the accuracy of GNSS-derived orthometric height was examined using TPs (Triangulation Points) to verify the stability of surveying in mountainous areas. The GNSS survey data were obtained from Mungyeong, Unbong/Hadong, Uljin, and Jangseong. Three unknown points were surrounded by more than three UCPs (Unified Control Points) or BMs (Benchmarks) following the guideline for applying GNSS-derived orthometric height determination. A newly developed national geoid model, KNGeoid17 (Korean National Geoid 2017), has been applied for determining the orthometric height. In comparison with the official orthometric heights of the TPs, the heights of the unknown points in Mungyeong and Unbong/Hadong differ by more than 20 cm. On the other hand, TPs in Uljin and Jangseong show 15-16 cm of local bias with respect to the official products. Since the precision of official orthometric heights of TPs is known to be about 10 cm, these errors exceed the limit of the precision. Therefore, the official products should be checked to offer more reliable results to surveyors. As an alternative method of verifying accuracy, three different GNSS post-processing software were applied, and the results from each software were compared. The results showed that the differences in the whole test areas did not exceed 5 cm. Therefore, it was concluded that the precision of the GNSS-derived orthometric height was less than 5 cm, even though the unknown points were higher than the control points.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

To compensate for the shortcomings of spirit leveling, research on the determination of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)-derived orthometric height has been actively carried out. However, most analyses were primarily performed inland. In this study, the influences of the arrangement of control points, observation duration, and geoid model on the accuracy of the GNSS-derived orthometric height have been analyzed to suggest the proper method to apply the determination of GNSS-derived orthometric height to the leveling loop disconnected area. As a result, it was found that two known points located near the unknown points need to be fixed in the leveling loop disconnected area. Further, 3 cm level of accuracy can be achieved if the GNSS survey is performed over two days, for four hours per day. In terms of the geoid model, the latest national geoid model should be applied rather than the EGM08 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) to minimize regional bias and increase accuracy. Future research is necessary to apply the determination of the GNSS-derived orthometric height technique as a method to connect with the islands because the vertical reference system used inland and that used for the islands in Korea are still different.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2014

2013년 국토지리정보원에서는 합성 지오이드 모델 KNGeoid13(Korean National Geoid Model 2013)을 개발하여 제공함으로서 우리나라에서도 GNSS 측위 기술을 이용하여 높이측량을 적용하기 위한 기반이 마련되었다. 본 연구에서는 GNSS 정지측량 및 KNGeoid13을 이용하여 지역적인 수직기준과 부합하는 GNSS 기반 표고를 결정하기 위해 기지점의 타원체고 성과를 직접수준측량 성과와 모델 지오이드고를 더하여 계산된 보정타원체고로 사용하는 방법을 적용하고, 그 영향을 분석하였다. 보정타원체고를 이용하지 않은 경우에는 약 3cm 수준의 편의가 나타나는 반면 보정타원체고를 이용하면, 오차의 평균이 0.5cm 이하로 지역적인 편의가 제거되었다. GNSS 기반 표고의 정밀도를 관측시간에 따라 분석한 결과, 1일 4시간씩 2일간 관측할 경우에는 전체 데이터의 95%가 4cm 미만의 오차를 가진 것으로 나타났으며, 1일 4시간 및 2시간 관측을 수행하는 경우에는 5cm 이하의 오차를 보였다. 30분 관측하여 모호수가 고정될 경우, 전체 데이터의 95%가 10cm 이하의 정확도를 갖는 표고를 결정할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과는 향후 공공측량에 GNSS 높이측량 도입을 위한 기반 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.