• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.1 s.182
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• pp.103-113
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• 2007

The empirical USLE and the physically-based GeoWEPP which were distributed model linked with GIS (Geographical Information System) were applied to small natural catchment located in Icheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The results using by two models were total sediment yield from study catchment between January, 2004 and January, 2005. During the study period, the observed total sediment yield was 270.54 ton and the total sediment yield computed by USLE and GeoWEPP model were 358.1 ton and 283.30 ton, respectively. Each of results computed by USLE and GeoWEPP overestimated more than the observed total sediment yield, but, based on the results, the total sediment yield computed by GeoWEPP approximated to the observed result. We suggest that the reason why the total sediment yield using by models overestimated was that computed amounts by two models did not contain the amount of suspended sediment flowed over the weir.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1341-1353
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify the aquatic and riparian factors associated with the presence/absence of the Eurasian otter in the Nakdong river basin, where the species is relatively more abundant than other otter species. Environmental factors and presence records were collected. Geographical Information System technology and chi-square test were used to compare environmental gradients in aquatic and riparian factors between presence and absence sites. Aquatic habitat attributes were evaluated with natural riverside sandbars and channel crossing artificial structures, the ratio of channel width to alluvial plain width, riverbed substrate, and flow diversity. Riverbank characteristics, bank materials, man-made embankment types, and land use/land cover of inland and riverside areas were selected as riparian habitat attributes. Compared to the aquatic attributes, riparian attributes were highly significant when assessing otter presence and absence sites, suggesting that conservation of suitable riparian areas to provide maternity and resting areas for otter species is essential in the Nakdong river basin. None of the aquatic attributes examined were statistically significant when evaluating otter presence or absence. These results indicate that the presence of suitable riparian area for resting and reproduction habitats is more critical to the presence of Eurasian otter than food availability in aquatic areas. To inform implementation of effective conservation actions, broad-scale factors, such as watershed attributes, would be needed to further assess habitat conditions of the Eurasian otter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.199-211
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to investigate the applicability of high spatial resolution remote sensing images for conducting the rural amenity resources survey. There are a large number of rural amenity resources and field reconnaissance without a sufficient preliminary survey involves a big amount of cost and time even if the data quality cannot always be satisfied with the advanced study. Therefore, a new approach should be considered like the state-of-the-art remote sensing technology to support field survey of rural amenity resources as well as to identify the spatial attributes including the geographical location, pathway, area, and shape. Generally high-resolution satellite or aerial photo images are too expensive to cover a large area and not free of meteorological conditions, but recently rapidly-advanced internet-based image services, such as Google Earth, Microsoft Bing maps, Bluebirds, Daum maps, and so on, are expected to overcome the handicaps. The review of the different services shows that Google Earth would be the most feasible alternative for the survey of rural amenity resources in that it provides powerful tools to build spatial features and the attributes and the data format is completely compatible with other GIS(Geographic information system) software. Hence, this study tried to apply the Google Earth service to interpret the amenity resources and proposed the reformed work process conjugating the internet-based high-resolution images like satellite and aerial photo data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2014

As delineating market areas of retail businesses has become an interesting topic in marketing field, Lee and Lee recently suggested a noteworthy method, which applied the hydrological analysis of geographical information system (GIS), based on Christaller's central place theory. They used a digital elevation model (DEM) which inverted the kernel density of retail businesses, which was measured by using bandwidths of pre-determined 500, 1000 and 5000 m, respectively. In fact, their method is not a fully data-based approach in that they used pre-determined kernel bandwidths, however, this paper has been planned to improve Lee and Lee's method by using a kind of data-based approach of the L-index that describes clustering level of point feature distribution. The case study is implemented to automobile-related retail businesses in Seoul, Korea with selected Kernel bandwidths, 1211.5, 2120.2 and 7067.2 m from L-index analysis. Subsequently, the kernel density is measured, the density DEM is created by inverting it, and boundaries of market areas are extracted. Following the study, analysis results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the L-index can be a useful tool to complement the Lee and Lee's market area analysis method. At next, the kernel bandwidths, pre-determined by Lee and Lee, cannot be uniformly applied to all kinds of retail businesses. Lastly, the L-index method can be useful for analyzing the space structure of market areas of retail businesses, based on Christaller's central place theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to analyze the quantitative ecological principal components of Korean Peninsula using the multivariate spatial environmental datasets and to compare the ecological difference between South and North Korea. Ecological maps with GIS(Geographical Information System) are constructed by PCA(Principal Component Analysis) based on seventeen raster(cell based) variables at 1km resolution. Ecological differences between South and North Korea are extracted by Factor Analysis using ecosystem maps masked from Korean ones. Spatial data include SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), Temperature, Precipitation, SWC(Soil Water Content), fPAR(Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) representing for a productivity, and SR(Solar Radiation), which all cover Korean peninsula. When it performed PCA, the first three scores were assigned to red, green, and blue color. This color triplet indicates the relative mixture of the seventeen environmental conditions inside each ecological region. The first red one represents for 'physiographic conditions' worked by high elevation and solar radiation and low temperature. The second green one stands for 'seasonality' caused by seasonal variations of temperature, precipitation, and productivity. The third blue one means 'wetness condition' worked by high value such as precipitation and soil water contents. FA extraction shows that South Korea has relatively warm and humid ecosystem affected by high temperature, precipitation, and soil water contents whereas North Korea has relatively cold and dry ecosystem due to the high elevation, low temperature and precipitation. Results would be useful at environmental planning on inaccessible land of North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the location and prospects of the bear shelves built by Asiatic black bears in the Jirisan National Park. Previous researchers have been analyzed bear shelves in terms of places for resting and eating, but we are going to analyze based on the prospect-and-refuge theory. Characteristics of the sites of bear shelves are measured through field survey and topographic analysis by using digital elevation model (DEM). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to evaluate the optimum location of bear shelves in terms of crown density. Man-made objects are identified by viewshed analysis based on geographical information system (GIS). Findings of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, most bear trees are located deep inside of the mountainous national park, slopes of 30~40 degrees, altitude of 400~1,200m, and relatively low vegetation density with NDVI value of 0.4~0.6 compared to the average NDVI of the park. Second, the average height of bear shelves is 12.44m, or 74% of the average height of bear trees. They are located at suitable places to observe nearby trails and other park facilities. Third, man-made objects within the 100m radius of bear trees include lodge, bear training center, beekeeping camp, and hiking trails. Thus we may temporarily conclude that one of the main criteria of the bear tree selection in the park has been to identify optimum places for the monitoring of human activities in their habitat.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1053-1061
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influencing factors of community scaling rate using community health survey data. Methods: The data were extracted from 2013 Community Health Survey, Ministry of education, Korea Dental Association, Statistics Korea, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, and Ministry of the Interior. The resource factors of independent variables were analysed by Geographical Information System(GIS) using Map Wizard for Excel 17.0. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis(p<0.05). Results: Seocho-gu in Seoul had the highest annual scaling rate(55.5%) and Goheung-gun had the lowest rate(11%) showing 44.5 percent gap. The influencing factors of scaling included the number of dental hygienists(r=0.316), dentists(r=0.332), dental hospitals(r=0.470), high school graduation rate(r=0.757) and equivalence scales household income(r=0.764)(p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that community scaling rate was closely associated with community education level and monthly income(p<0.05). Conclusions: Community scaling rate was closely related to the community education and income level. It is necessary to provide the equal distribution of the oral health service to the community society.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2009

Using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the effects of building complexes constructed under an urban renewal plan on air flows in an urban area were investigated. For this, the geographic information system (GIS) data were used as the input data of the CFD model and four experiments were numerically simulated for different inflow directions (westerly, southerly, easterly, and northerly cases). Before constructing building complexes under the urban renewal plan, wind speed at the pedestrian level was very low around buildings because of decrease in wind speed by the drag effect of the densely distributed low-rise buildings. As the high-rise buildings were constructed and building density decreased by the urban renewal plan, wind speed at the pedestrian level increased compared to that before the urban renewal plan because the drag effect by the buildings decreases and the channeling effect satisfying the mass continuity partially appeared at the spaces among the high-rise buildings. At the upper levels, wind speed partially increased inside the high-rise buildings due to the channeling effect but it remarkably decreased across a vast extent of the downwind regions due to the generation of the recirculation zone and the drag effect of the high-rise buildings.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.3 s.108
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• pp.296-309
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the change of future land-surface and relationships of land-surface change with geo-spatial information, using a Bayesian prediction model based on a likelihood ratio function, for analysing the land-surface change of the Gongju area. We classified the land-surface satellite images, and then extracted the changing area using a way of post classification comparison. land-surface information related to the land-surface change is constructed in a GIS environment, and the map of land-surface change prediction is made using the likelihood ratio function. As the results of this study, the thematic maps which definitely influence land-surface change of rural or urban areas are elevation, water system, population density, roads, population moving, the number of establishments, land price, etc. Also, thematic maps which definitely influence the land-surface change of forests areas are elevation, slope, population density, population moving, land price, etc. As a result of land-surface change analysis, center proliferation of old and new downtown is composed near Gum-river, and the downtown area will spread around the local roads and interchange areas in the urban area. In case of agricultural areas, a small tributary of Gum-river or an area of local roads which are attached with adjacent areas showed the high probability of change. Most of the forest areas are located in southeast and from this result we can guess why the wide chestnut-tree cultivation complex is located in these areas and the capability of forest damage is very high. As a result of validation using a prediction rate curve, a capability of prediction of urban area is $80\%$, agriculture area is $55\%$, forest area is $40\%$ in higher $10\%$ of possibility which the land-surface change would occur. This integration model is unsatisfactory to Predict the forest area in the study area and thus as a future work, it is necessary to apply new thematic maps or prediction models In conclusion, we can expect that this way can be one of the most essential land-surface change studies in a few years.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.706-723
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• 2010

The impervious surface was frequently employed as a proxy of the total environmental burden in the urban area. The impervious surface was extracted from a satellite image and the GIS (Geographical Information System) database for childhood asthma hospitalizations was generated for a total of 62,136 children using the National Health Insurance database of South Korea. Children living in an impervious environment do result in almost twice as many hospitalizations (26.58%) for asthma, as compared to the sub-urban pervious living (15.82%). Furthermore, the risk zones with persistently high hospitalizations for three years were specifically identified over the impervious sub-district alone. The impervious zone showed a small inter-year variation of hospitalizations (r: 0.937) while the sub-urban pervious fringe was found to display a yearly variation(r: 0.371). The strong temporal autocorrelation means that the impervious areas have frequent long-lived hospitalizations for asthma, thus children living in impervious areas were likely to have had more chronic asthma attacks than those living in pervious areas. These experimental results indicate that an impervious surface as thematic parameter of analysis is a crucial explanatory variable for asthma hospitalizations and its longer persistence among children.