• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 1988

The optimal reaction conditions were investigated to produce L-phenylalanine from transcinnamic acid and ammonia by Rhodotorula glutinis IFO 0559. The highest amount of L-phenylalanine was produced when the reaction mixture containing 200mM of traps-cinnamic acid, 4M of $NH_4OH$, 250mM of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 0.005% of cetylpyridinium chloride (pH 10.5) and 50mg/ml of dry cell was used. Among the nonaqueous organic solvents, petroleum ether was the most effective on the production of L-phenylalanine. The optimal concentration of petroleum ether in the reaction mixture was 50%. Under the optimal conditions, 21.1g/l of L-phenylalanine was produced in 12hr, and the yield was 63.9% based on transcinnamic acid.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-381
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• 1995

Two forms of glucoamylase (GI and GII) from starch-grown Lipomyces kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant were purified to apparent homogeneity by means of ultrafiltration, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The apparent molecular weight was calculated as ca. 150 kDa for GI and ca. 128 kDa for GII, respectively. Both enzymes were glycoproteins with isoelectric points of 5.6 (GI) and 5.4 (GII). They had a pH optimun of 4.5 and were stable from pH 5 to 8. The temperature optimum for both enzymes was $60^{\circ}C$, but they were rapidly inactivated above $70^{\circ}C$. The $K_m$ values toward starch were estimated to be 6.57 mg per ml for GI and 4.52 mg per ml for GII, and the $V_{max}$ values were 16.28 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GI and 32.25 ${\mu}M$ per mg for GII, respectively. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of GII for ${\alpha}-$ or ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were estimated to be 0.15 mg per ml and 2.0 mg per ml, respectively ($K_m$) and 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg or 1.02 ${\mu}M$ per mg, respectively ($V_{max}$). Neither enzyme exhibited pullulanase activity but they released only glucose from starch or cyclodextrin. Amino acid analysis indicated that both glucoamylases were enriched in proline and acid amino acids. Glucoamylase GII strongly cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised against GI enzymes, and the two enzymes shared very similar amino acid composition. Western blot analysis indicated that L. kononenkoae CBS 5608 mutant produced two forms of glucoamylase on starch, and that synthesis of them was subject to glucose repression.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.386-389
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• 2011

Previous studies have confirmed that fermented whey produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJNU 0147 or Lactobacillus casei CJNU 0588 display bifidogenic growth stimulator (BGS) activity. The present study sought to determine if the strain itself can improve the growth of bifidobacteria in co-cultures. In reinforced clostridial medium (RCM), both strains stimulated the growth of a Bifidobacterium lactis strain during the exponential phase and also stimulated the growth during almost all growth phases in whey broth. Fermented whey containing viable Leu. mesenteroides CJNU 0147 and L. casei CJNU 0588 cells maintained viability of the B. lactis strain stored at $10^{\circ}C$ in MRS broth. Viable cell count of the B. lactis strain without the fermented whey was decreased to 5.6 log cfu/mL after 15 days, whereas that of the strain with the fermented whey was slightly increased to 7.1 log cfu/mL as compared with initial viable cell count of 6.9 log cfu/mL.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5206-5210
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• 2012

We studied the effect of food concentration on grazing, growth and fecundity of cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana. Marine phytoplankton Tetraselmis suecica was used as a livefood for the copepod. Six stage compositions were used and food concentrations for the experiment were 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and $80{\times}10^4$ cells/mL. Range of food concentrations with 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and $4{\times}10^4$ cells/mL were used for nauplii production experiment. Grazing rates of P. nana in all developmental stages on the different concentrations were increased with increasing diet concentration. While the growth of nauplius was not affected by increase of food concentration, food concentration outside of $1{\times}10^4$ to $5{\times}10^4$ cells/mL range negatively affected that of copepodite. Daily nauplii production was increased with increasing food concentration but $3{\times}10^4$ and $4{\times}10^4$ cells/mL treatments were not significantly different with $2{\times}10^4$ cells/mL treatment. As a result, optimum concentration of T. suecica for mass culture of P. nana was considered to be 5,000 cells/mL for nauplius stage, 10,000 cells/mL for copepodite stage and adult male, 20,000 cells/mL for adult female, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.286-292
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• 2006

가시오가피와 더덕 추출물을 첨가한 발효유가 마우스의 면역 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 선발된 수컷 마우스를 대상으로 하여 발효유에 가시오가피와 더덕 열수 추출 건조물(가시오가피:더덕=8:2)을 혼합하여 투여한 그룹 1mg/mL(A), 3mg/mL(B), 9mg/mL(C)의 3 그룹으로 나누어 임상 적용 경로인 경구 투여를 선택하여 발효유를 각각 3mL/kg씩 위내로 직접 투여하였다. 대조군은 발효유만 먹인 그룹(D)과 식염수만 먹인 그룹(E)을 두었다. 실험 결과 모든 그룹에서 마우스의 증체량과 체중 증가는 유의성이 없었고, 7주와 10주령에 안락사 시킨 마우스의 각 장기인 간, 신장, 심장, 폐, 고환의 무게에서도 유의성이 없었다. 비장 계수는 7주령에서는 B군에서 유의성 있는 차이를 보였고 10주령에는 C군에서 유의성 있는 증가가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 비장 계수는 식이 지속 기간이 길어질수록 증가되었고, 흉선 계수는 B군에서 유의성 있는 증가가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 항체 생산 세포수는 가시오가피와 더덕을 급여 한 군 모두에서 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며, 특히 A, C군에서는 유의성(p<0.05)이 있었다. 모든 그룹에서 항체 생산 세포수는 10주령에서 7주령에 비하여 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 항원에 대한 항체 생성량을 알아보기 위하여 혈구 응집 반응을 실시한 결과 가시오가피와 더덕을 급여한 군에서 대조군에 비하여 증가하는 경향을 보였고 7주령 A, C 군에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 보였으나 10주령 에서는 C군에서만 유의성있는 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

The hot spring water of the north Jeonla province such as Wanggung, Jookrim, Seokjung, and Hwasim, has fluoride concentration of 3.9 mg/L, 12.7 mg/L, 1.9 mg/L, and 6.3 mg/L, respectively. These figures fairly exceed the Korean and WHO standard for potable water, which is 1.5 mg/L. Therefore, in this study, research on elimination of fluoride in a hot spring water of Jookrim region, which has the highest level of fluoride concentration level in the north Jeonla province, was carried out. In analysis of Jookrim hot spring water according to the water quality standard for potable water, pH was very high at 9.25 and the concentration of fluoride was 10 times higher than the standard at 18.2 mg/L. Other measurements were within the standard or not detected. After injecting 10g of activated carbon for elimination of fluoride, the fluoride concentration was measured at 13.5 mg/L, and when 70mL or more of alum 10 g/L solution was injected, the concentration was measured at 2.8 mg/L, and injecting 3g of lime was measured at 9 mg/L. Alum showed the best elimination performance among all individual injections. Injection of 25 mL of activated carbon and 100 mL of alum solution together reduced the fluoride concentration down to 1.3 mg/L, which is under the potable standard. Injection of lime 1g and 75 mL of alum 10 g/L solution together reduced fluoride concentration to 4.1 mg/L. From the modifying HRT, by using ion exchange resin column, the pH was stabilized when HRT was Imin and showed range of $6.7{\sim}7.8$. The fluoride concentration reduced gradually as the HRT increased, and satisfied the potable standard when HRT passed 6 min, and after 30 min HRT, the concentration of fluoride was 0.05 mg/L: almost eliminated.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of moisture contents (40, 50, 60%) and $CO_2$ gas injection (0 and 800 mL/min) on physicochemical properties of extruded soy protein isolate (SPI). The expansion ratio and the specific length increased, but piece density decreased with the increase in $CO_2$ gas injection from 0 to 800 mL/min at both 40 and 50% moisture contents. On the contrary, the expansion ratio and the specific length decreased, but piece density increased with the increase in $CO_2$ gas injection from 0 to 800 mL/min at 60% moisture content. Extruded SPI with $CO_2$ gas injection at 800 mL/min had small cell size and higher amount of cell than extruded SPI without $CO_2$ gas injection. The water holding capacity and nitrogen solubility index increased, and the integrity index and the texture decreased with the increase in $CO_2$ gas injection from 0 to 800 mL/min. In conclusion, extruded SPI with the $CO_2$ gas injection at 800 mL/min showed better expansion properties and cell formation than extruded SPI without the $CO_2$ gas injection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.601-605
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• 1998

For the resolution of L-carnitine from DL-carnitine, resting cells of Enterobacter sp. NH-104, which had a higher capacity of D-carnitine decomposition, were harvested at maximal specific activity of D-carnitine decomposition of 47.05 unit/mg cell. The cells were frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$ to assess functions as enzyme sources. Optimal concentration of cells and DL-carnitine were 17 g/$\ell \; and \; 20 g/\ell$, respectively, and reaction buffer was best at 75 mM of Tris. HCl. Optimal temperature and pH were $36^{\circ}C$ and 8.2, respectively. When the reaction at optimal conditions was carried out for 14 h, the optical purity was 98.21 %, and the quantity and yield of remaining L-carnitine were 4.432 g/$\ell$ and 44.32%, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.434-437
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• 2001

Shaking cultivation was carried out in 250 mL Erlenmeyel' flasks containing 60 mL of culture solution for 7 days. Artificial seawater was used as a basal culture medium. The cultivation was performed under the conditions that the temperature ranged from $4^{\circ}C$ to $32^{\circ}C$, the agitation speed 50 rpm to 200 rpm, and the sugar concentration 5 g/L to 35 g/L. The medium condition was cultured that sugar and nitrogen ratio 1.25 to 10. The biomass. the lipid content in biomass, and the DBA content of lipid were investigated according to the cultivation conditions. The lipid in biomass was distributed between 10 and 349'0, the DHA in lipid 34% to 43% of the lipid. and the biomass concentration 0.425 g/L to 4.50 g/L.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the biological effects of Alcea rosea L. callus extract for the development of natural cosmetics ingredients. The antioxidant activities of A. rosea L. callus extract was measured through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay. As a result, A. rosea L. callus extract were found to have a strong antioxidant ability in a dose dependent manner. In addition, A. rosea L. callus effectively reduced the intracellular oxidative stress induced by AAPH at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. In a tyrosinase activity assay, we found that A. rosea L. callus extract reduced tyrosinase activity by 51% at 10 mg/mL. Based on these results, A. rosea L. callus extract is considered as a promising natural ingredients for cosmetics with antioxidant and whitening functions.