• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2016

GHSR 유전자 변이에 대한 선행연구는 몇몇의 변이가 닭의 성장형질에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 유전자마커로써 활용될 수 있음을 보고하였다. 하지만 한국재래계를 대상으로 하는 유전연구는 매우 미흡하고, 외래계 대상의 유전자마커의 도입에는 검증실험이 선 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문은 GHSR 유전자의 성장형질과의 연관성을 확인하며, 한국재래계에 적용할 수 있는 유전자마커를 제시하고자 하였다. 국립축산과학원에서 사육 중인 6계통의 한국재래계 220수를 공시재료로 하여 닭의 체중과의 연관성이 보고된 바 있는 GHSR 유전자의 c.739+726SNP 유전자형을 PCR-RFLP 방법을 통하여 분석하였다. 이후 집단 내에서 30수를 선발하여 염기서열 분석을 수행함으로써 한국재래계내 유전자 변이를 확인하였다. c.739+726SNP을 포함하여 염기서열 분석을 통해 파악된 유전자 변이와 한국재래계의 경제형질과의 연관성 분석에는 SPSS version 22.0을 이용하였다. c.739+726SNP은 전체계 군(n=220)에서 150일령 체중과 270일령 체중과의 연관성을 확인할 수 있었으며(p<0.01), 모색에 의해 구분된 계통별 분석에서는 한국재래계(Gray) 계군에서 150일령 체중과의 연관성이(p<0.05), 한국재래계(White) 계군에서 산란수와 연관성이 확인되었다(p<0.05). 또한 염기서열 분석을 통해서 확인한 513A>G, 517A>T SNP 유전자형에 따라 각각 체중과 산란수에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과는 외래육계와 유전적 차이를 가지는 한국재래계의 유전정보를 제공하고, 적합한 분자유전마커를 개발하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, GHSR 유전자내의 유전변이가 분자유전마커 기반의 선발육종에 사용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2009

시상하부-뇌하수체-생식소(hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad, HPG) 호르몬 축의 활성에 영향을 미치는 수많은 인자들은 생식 기능을 조절하고, 사춘기 개시와 폐경기 진입과 같은 뚜렷한 생식 능력의 단계 전이를 초래한다. 지방세포로부터 분비되는 다기능적 호르몬인 leptin의 발견 이후, 곧 이어 생식과 신체의 에너지 균형 사이의 긴밀한 관계에 대한 증거들이 밝혀졌다. 위장관으로부터 분비되는 또 다른 다기능 호르몬인 ghrelin은 이미 알려져 있던 growth hormone secretagogue receptor(GHSR)의 내인성 리간드이며, 에너지 항상성의 조절에서 leptin에 상응하는 물질로 알려졌다. 예상대로, ghrelin 또한 HPG 축의 활성의 조절을 통해 생식 능력을 조절함이 증명되었다. 이 논문은 ghrelin의 발견과 유전자 구조, 조직 내의 분포, 그리고 역할과 HPG 축에서의 생식 호르몬 분비 조절에 대한 포유동물의 생식에서의 ghrelin-GHSR 신호에 관한 최신 정보를 요약한 것이다. 뇌하수체에서의 POMC 유전자 발현과 유사하게, preproghrelin 유전자는 alternative splicing과 번역 후 변형(posttranslational modification)을 거치는 복잡한 레퍼토리의 전사체들과 펩티드 산물을 만들어 낸다. 에너지 항상성을 제외한 신체 생리 기능의 조절에서의 preproghrelin 유전자 산물의 역할에 관한 정보는 제한적이지만, 신진 대사와 생식 사이에서의 ghrelin의 상호작용에 관해서는 충분한 증거들이 있다. 흰쥐와 인간에서, ghrelin 수용체인 GHSRs(GHSR1a와 GHSR1b)의 분포는 본래 ghrelin의 표적으로 여겨진 시상하부와 뇌하수체뿐만 아니라 정소와 난소에서도 확인되었다. 뇌와 생식소에서도 preproghrelin 유전자 발현이 확인되었는데, 이것은 HPG 축에서 ghrelin이 국부적인 역할을 담당할 가능성을 시사한다. 비록 뇌하수체에서의 기능은 아직 확실치 않지만, ghrelin은 시상하부의 GnRH, 뇌하수체의 생식소자극호르몬과 생식소의 성 스테로이드 호르몬 분비에 대한 음성적인 조절자로서의 역할을 수행하는 것으로 보인다. 최근의 연구들은 사춘기 개시, 그리고 아마도 폐경기 진입의 조절에서 ghrelin의 관여를 시사한다. 이제 ghrelin이 '뇌-위장관' 축의 필수적인 호르몬 요인이며, 신 진 대사와 생식 사이를 연결하는 조절 물질이라는 가능성은 매우 높다. '배부름'을 반영하는 leptin 신호와는 정반대인 ghrelin 신호는 신체 에너지 균형 상태로 볼 때 '배고픔'을 표현하는 것으로 생각되며, 항상성의 유지에서 최우선 사항으로 고려되지 않는 생식으로의 에너지 투자가 이루어지지 않도록 하는데 필수적일 것으로 사료된다. 생식능력 조절에 있어서 ghrelin의 보다 명확한 작용 메커니즘과 역할에 대한 깊은 통찰력을 얻고 성공적인 생의학적 적용을 위해서는 향후 더 많은 연구들이 필요하다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.505-510
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• 2007

Concrete track will be constructed in Gyungbu High Speed Railway II(GHSR II) stage construction site from Daegu to Busan. Concrete track is supported by substructure consisting of the original ground and embankment and does not allow the settlement of track because of its structural type. The embankment is composed of rock and soil mixture and settlement is feasible. So management of settlement of embankment is key point in successful construction of the concrete track. Compaction management of mixed fill materials is important in minimizing the settlement of embankment. In this study, in order to assess the compaction characteristics of mixed fill materials, large laboratory compaction tests were conducted. Mixed fill materials were obtained from two construction sites in GHSR II construction site. Modeled mixed fill materials having different rock type, fine content, maximum particle diameter, and moisture contents were prepared. From the test results, compaction characteristics of mixed fill materials were analysed.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2020

A chemical library comprising 2,354 drug-like compounds was screened using a transcription and replication-competent viruslike particle (trVLP) system implementing the whole Ebola virus (EBOV) life cycle. Dose-dependent inhibition of Ebola trVLP replication was induced by 15 hit compounds, which primarily target different types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Based on the chemical structure, the compounds were divided into three groups, diphenylmethane derivatives, promazine derivatives and chemicals with no conserved skeletons. The third group included sertindole, raloxifene, and ibutamoren showing prominent antiviral effects in cells. They downregulated the expression of viral proteins, including the VP40 matrix protein and the envelope glycoprotein. They also reduced the amount of EBOV-derived tetracistronic minigenome RNA incorporated into progeny trVLPs in the culture supernatant. Particularly, ibutamoren, which is a known agonist of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), showed the most promising antiviral activity with a 50% effective concentration of 0.2 μM, a 50% cytotoxic concentration of 42.4 μM, and a selectivity index of 222.8. Here, we suggest a strategy for development of anti-EBOV therapeutics by adopting GHSR agonists as hit compounds.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic effects of candidate genes on the growth of spleen and liver tissues using dietary Curcuma longa (C. longa) supplementation. Expression analyses of candidate genes regarding animal growth was performed in order to determine the factors affecting the growth related to immune components of Curucumin, Turmerone, and Zingiberene as the bile secretion Paratolyl methyl carbinol (PTMC). The animals were divided into four groups of five chicks supplied with experimental diets of C. longa at 0.25, 0.5 and 1% and controls. The 19 growth-related genes were known to cell maturation, differentiation significant expression patterns in this analysis. Expression of growth response-related genes in chicks supplemented with 1% of C. longa showed better growth performance than chicks with 0.25 and 0.5% in spleen (p<0.05). The IGF1, MSTN, POU1F1, ADCYAP1 gene were known to central roles in mediating gonadotropin function, regulating steroidogenesis and promoting oocyte growth and maturation. Sex steroids, androgen and estrogen can affect sex differentiation and also can affect muscle development. On the other hand, GHSR and FABP3 gene showed significant expression patterns in this analysis. The results would be used as basic information for the variation of growth-related genes expression on the cell growth, sex cell growth, and sex hormones according to dietary supplementation with C. longa in chickens.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to suppress appetite by increasing satiety hormone release. However, previous studies have rendered inconsistent results and there is lack of information on whether dietary Korean PNO affects the expression of satiety hormone receptors and hypothalamic neuropeptides. Therefore, our study sought to evaluate the chronic effects of Korean PNO on the long-term regulation of energy balance. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with control diets containing 10% kcal fat from Korean PNO or soybean oil (SBO) (PC or SC) or high-fat diets (HFDs) containing 35% kcal fat from lard and 10% kcal fat from Korean PNO or SBO (PHFD or SHFD) for 12 weeks. The expression of gastrointestinal satiety hormone receptors, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and genes related to intestinal lipid absorption and adipose lipid metabolism was then measured. RESULTS: There was no difference in the daily food intake between PNO- and SBO-fed mice; however, the PC and PHFD groups accumulated 30% and 18% less fat compared to SC and SHFD, respectively. Korean PNO-fed mice exhibited higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Ghsr (ghrelin receptor) and Agrp (agouti-related peptide) (P < 0.05), which are expressed when energy consumption is low to induce appetite as well as the appetitesuppressing neuropeptides Pomc and Cartpt (P = 0.079 and 0.056, respectively). Korean PNO downregulated jejunal Cd36 and epididymal Lpl mRNA expressions, which could suppress intestinal fatty acid absorption and fat storage in white adipose tissue. Consistent with these findings, Korean PNO-fed mice had higher levels of fecal non-esterified fatty acid excretion. Korean PNO also tended to downregulate jejunal Apoa4 and upregulate epididymal Adrb3 mRNA levels, suggesting that PNO may decrease chylomicron synthesis and induce lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, Korean PNO attenuated body fat accumulation, and appeared to prevent HFD-induced dysregulation of the hypothalamic appetite-suppressing pathway.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1904-1910
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on the feed intake of broiler chickens and explore its influencing mechanism. Methods: The study included two trials. In trial 1, 32 male broiler chickens (Arbor Acres, Gallus gallus domesticus) were given ventricle buried tubes, and they were allowed to recover for 3 days. At 8:00 AM, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with CRF or normal saline was performed in 10-day-old broiler chickens, which were divided into the 5, 10, and 20 ㎍ and control (normal saline) groups according to the dose of CRF injection. In trial 2, chickens were divided into the 10 ㎍ and control group (physiological saline) to repeat trial 1. Results: Results of trial 1 showed that the cumulative amount of feed intake in the 10 or 20 ㎍ groups was considerably lower than that of the control group after ICV injection with CRF. The lowest amount of feed intake was obtained with the addition of 10 ㎍ of CRF. In trial 2, the expression of ghrelin in the hypothalamus injected with 10 ㎍ of CRF increased significantly, but the expression of ghrelin in various sections of the small intestine considerably decreased. The expression of CRF receptor subtypes 1 (CRFR1) in the hypothalamus and some parts of the small intestine remarkably increased, and the expression of CRF receptor subtypes 2 (CRFR2) increased only in the duodenum, whereas the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1α) in the jejunum and ileum increased considerably after ICV injection of 10 ㎍ of CRF. Conclusion: The CRF at 10 ㎍ increased ghrelin expression in the hypothalamus and CRFR1 expression in the small intestine, and this phenomenon was related to the suppressed feed intake of broiler chickens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권7호
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• pp.16.1-16.6
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• 2017

Background: This study was performed to investigate the impact of exogenous ghrelin on the pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase outputs and responses of pancreatic proteins to ghrelin that may relate to pancreatic exocrine. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats (9 weeks old, $300{\pm}10g$) were injected with ghrelin via intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion at dosage of 0, 0.1, 1.0 and $10.0{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW), respectively. The plasma ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) level were determined using enzyme immunoassay kit; the mRNA expression of ghrelin receptor ($GHSR-1{\alpha}$) and growth hormone (GH) receptor were assessed by reverse transcription PCR; the expressions of pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase activity, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK), phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (pERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were evaluated by western blotting; moreover the responses of pancreatic proteins to ghrelin were analyzed using the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system. Results: The exogenous ghrelin (1.0 and $10.0{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) elevated the level of plasma ghrelin (p < 0.05), and suppressed the expression of pancreatic ${\alpha}$-amylase at a dose of $10.0{\mu}g/kg\;BW$ (p < 0.05). No difference in the level of plasma CCK was observed, even though rats were exposed to any dose of exogenous ghrelin. In addition, a combination of western blot and proteomic analysis revealed exogenous ghrelin ($10.0{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) induced increasing the JNK and ERK expressions (p < 0.05) and four proteins such as Destrin, Anionic trypsin-1, Trypsinogen, and especially eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 in rat pancreas. Conclusions: Taken together, exogenous ghrelin by i.p. infusion plays a role in the pancreatic exocrine secretion via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.