• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
• /
• pp.240-248
• /
• 2005

To implement a globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS) in Korea, an interminsterial GHS working group involving 6 ministries established an expert working group composed of 7 experts from relevant organizations and one private consultant to prepare an officialKorean GHS version by March, 2005. As such, the translation and review of the official Korean GHS version, including annexes, started in October, 2004 and was completed on March 15, 2005. The official Korean GHS version has now been posted on the websites of the relevant ministries and organizations to solicit public opinions. The official Korean GHS version will be finalized after a public hearing scheduled forMay, 2005. Collaborative efforts as regards implementing and disseminating the GHS in Korea will be continued to avoid any confusion or duplication and for effective use of resources. The globally harmonized system of classifying and labeling chemicals (GHS) was originally adopted in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), as subsequently reflected in Agenda 21 chapter 19. The work was coordinated and managed under the auspices of the Interorganization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals(IOMC) Coordinating Group for the Harmonization of Chemical Classification Systems (UNCEGHS). The technical focal points for completing the work were the International Labour Organization (ILO); Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and United Nations Economic and Social Council's Subcommittee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNSCETDG). The work was finalized in October 2002, and the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg on 4 September 2002 encouraged countries to implement the new GHS as soon as possible with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008 (UN, 2003). Implementation has already started with pilot countries introducing the system to their national practices in different regions of the world. The GHS text, called the purple book, becameavailable as a W publication in early 2003. The GHS text, called the purple book, becameavailable as a UN publication in early 2003. The GHS system will be kept dynamic, and regularly revised and made more efficient as experience is gained in its implementation. While national or regional governments are the primary audiences for this document, it also contains sufficient context and guidance for those in industry who will ultimately be implementing the national requirements that will be introduced (UN, 2003). The Japanese government published their official Japanese GHS version, the first in Asia, in April 2004 after starting work in January 2003 based on an interministerial chemical coordination committee involving 7 ministries, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, and Ministry of Environment (MOE, 2004). Accordingly, similar to the Japanese GHS efforts, this paper presents the interministerial efforts involved in publishing the official Korean GHS version.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.384-392
• /
• 2013

Objective: This study inspected incident cases, legal control levels, and GHS(Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals) classification results of strong acids such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid, which have been responsible for many recent chemical accidents. As a result, it is deemed necessary for legal control levels of these strong acids to be revised and GHS classification be managed nation-wide. Methods: This study inspected incident cases and legal control levels for strong acids such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. The study analyzed and compared chemical information status and GHS classification results. Results: There were 76 domestic incidents involving strongly acidic hazardous materials over the five years between 2007 and 2011. They include 37 leakage incidents(46.7%) within a workplace, 30 leakage incidents(39.5%) during transportation, and nine leakage incidents(13.8%) following an explosion. The strongly acidic materials in question are defined and controlled as toxic chemicals according to the classes of Substances Requiring Preparation for Accidents, Managed Hazardous Substance, Hazardous Chemical(corrosive) as set forth under the Enforcement Decree of the Toxic Chemicals Control Act and Rules on Occupational Safety and Health Standards of Occupational Safety and Health Act. Among them, nitric acid is solely controlled as a class 6 hazardous material, oxidizing liquid, under the Hazardous Chemicals Control Act. The classification results of the EU ECHA(European Chemicals Agency) CLP(Commission Regulation(EC) No. 790/2009 of 10 August 2009, for the purposes of its adaptation to technical and scientific progress, Regulation(EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures) and NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) are almost identical for the three chemicals, with the exception of sulfuric acid. Much of the classification information of NITE (National Institute of Technology and Evaluation) and KOSHA(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, KOSHA) is the same. NIER provides 12(41.4%) out of 29 classifications, as does KOSHA.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to suggest how to re-establish criterion for toxic substances under the Chemical Control Act (CCA) in South Korea by comparing the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals) score and toxic properties. Methods: Toxic substances were classified into seven groups (Acute toxicity (1A), Chronic toxicity (2C), Environmental hazards (3E), Acute toxicity & chronic toxicity (4AC), Chronic toxicity & environmental hazards (5CE), Acute toxicity & environmental hazards (6AE), and Acute toxicity & chronic toxicity & environmental hazards (7ACE)) according to their toxic properties. The GHS score was calculated to sum up five toxicity indicators (health acute toxicity, health repeated toxicity, carcinogenicity, health other chronic toxicity and environmental hazards). Results: The GHS score of 7ACE was higher by 7 times that of 1A. 1A is the only group which has lower than the total GHS score. The highest score was 47, for sodium chromate (CAS no. 7775-11-3), which belongs to group 7ACE. This is classified as acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, and acute and chronic environmental hazard. On the other hand, the lowest score was 2.75, which was assigned to 177 chemicals belonging to group 1A. When the health acute toxicity indicator was omitted from the toxic criterion, toxic substances could be divided into the sub-groups 'human chronic hazards group' (HCG) and 'environmental hazards group' (EG) according to their GHS score and properties. Conclusions: The proposed criterion for toxic substances is to establish sub-groups defined as HCG and EG for separate control and that the 1A group be moved to substances requiring preparation for accidents under the CCA.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.804-811
• /
• 2014

Cyclohexanone의 GHS 분류 기준에 따른 화학물질의 변이원성 구분을 위해, 다른 연구에서는 아직까지 수행된 바 없는 ICR계 마우스의 골수세포를 이용하는 in vivo 소핵시험을 수행하였다. 7주령의 수컷 ICR계 마우스에 동 시험물질의 3가지 농도를 투여하였으며, 경구투여 24시간 후에 도살, 골수세포를 채취하여 슬라이드 표본을 제작하였고, 2,000개의 다염성적혈구 중 소핵을 갖는 다염성 적혈구(MNPCE)를 계수하였다. 모든 투여군에서 cyclohexanone은 골수세포의 증식을 억제하지 않았으며, 소핵을 유발하였다. 이 골수세포를 이용한 소핵시험의 결과로 동 시험물질(cyclohexanone)은 GHS 분류기준에 의거, 변이원성 구분2로 분류하였다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2011

인류 생활 수준의 증진 및 향상을 위해 화학제품의 사용이 세계적으로 널리 확대 되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 화학제품은 많은 이점을 가지고 있는 반면에 사람과 환경 약영향을 미칠 우려가 있어서, 안전한 사용을 위한 제도를 각국에서 시행하고 있다. 2003년 UN에서 권고된 화학물질의 분류기준과 표시방법을 전세계적으로 통일하기 위한 GHS는 2008년부터 각국에서 도입하도록 권고되었다. 기존의 농약분류체계와 표시방법과 가장 많이 달라지는 것은 물질분류기준이다. 그리고, 그림문자가 표시방법이 정사각형에서 마름모형으로 변화되었고, 3종이 추가되고 1종이 폐지되었다. 따라서, 기존의 농약분류 및 표시제도와 GHS를 면밀한 비교평가와 선진국의 도입방향의 조사를 바탕으로, 우선적으로 물질분류기준변경을 하면서 유독성제품부터 부분적으로 시행하는 것이 타당할 것이다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2008

최근 국제적으로 화학물질에 대하여 분류체계를 단일화하기 위하여 "화학물질의 분류표지 등에 대한 세계 조화시스템(Globally Harmonized classification system, GHS)" 분류체계를 도입하고 있고, 또한 동물보호법에 따라 실험동물수를 축소한 급성경구독성시험법-고정용량법, 급성독성등급법(acute toxic class method, ATC), Up-and Down법을 새롭게 적용하고 있다. 본 시험은 국내 농약 등록시 수행하고 있는 급성경구독성시험인 $LD_{50}$ 시험법과 개정된 시험법 중 급성독성등급법(ATC)을 비교하여 새로운 시험법 적용과 GHS 분류체계 도입여부를 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험 농약은$LD_{50}$이 GHS 분류기준의 경계부분에 있는 농약 13종을 선발하여 $LD_{50}$ 시험법과 급성독성등급법을 동시에 수행한 결과 Methidathion EC, Parathion-ethyl의 $LD_{50}$은 $LD_{50}$ 시험법은 각각 57.3, $60\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ 이었고, 급성독성등급법은 $200\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ 으로 $LD_{50}$ 차이가 있었으나, GHS 분류체계의 독성구분 결과 모두 3급으로 동일하게 분류되었고, Carbofuran GR은 $LD_{50}$ 시험법은 $310\;mg\;kg^{-1}$, 급성독성등급법은 $300\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ 으로 비슷하였으나 GHS 분류 3급 기준이 $300\;mgvkg^{-1}$이하이므로 각각 4등급, 3등급으로 분류되었으며, Phosphamidon SL, Endosulfan EC, EPN EC, Dimethoate EC, Phenthoate EC, Zeta-cypermethrin EW, Bifenthrin EC, Fenthion EC, Carbaryl WP, Chlorpyrifos.Diflubenzuron WP의 $LD_{50}$ 은 두 시험 모두 비슷하였고, GHS 독성분류도 동일하였다. 이상의 결과 농약 등록시 급성경구독성시험에 급성독성등급법과 GHS 분류체계에 대한 적용가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2022

Qualifying quantities (upper tier (UT) and lower tier (LT)) are designated for the regulation of toxic substances. In this study, we aimed to establish systematic criteria for the qualifying quantities by comparing the South of Korea chemical control act with the European Seveso III Directive (Seveso III). In Seveso III, qualifying quantities are defined as "hazard categories" applying GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals), and LTR (lower-tier requirements) and UTR (upper-tier requirements) are determined. The Pro HC (proposed hazard categories) were relevant to the GHS classification of toxic substances and were compared with the currently regulated qualifying quantities. Furthermore, we estimated the Pro LTR (proposed lower-tier requirements) and Pro UTR (proposed upper-tier requirements) corresponding to each Pro HC. Consequently, it was supposed that LT and UT were selected based on GHS like those of Seveso III. Therefore, designation criteria for qualifying quantities should be established by setting the Pro HC such as in Seveso III, rather than designating the qualifying quantities of toxic substances by itself individually. In addition, qualifying quantities should not be delegated to GHS classifications (H302, H341, H411) that do not meet the criteria for the designation of toxic substances, and the corresponding substances should be excluded from classification as toxic substances. This study provides insights into the selection of hazard categories and criteria for qualifying quantities of toxic substances.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.53-77
• /
• 2006

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2013

급속한 산업발전과 더불어 전 세계적으로 약 10만 여종의 산업용 물질이 사용되고 있으며, 매년 2,000여종의 신규물질이 개발되고 있다. 이러한 물질들은 인류문화 발전에 크게 기여하고 있지만 일부 물질들은 유해, 위험성 등의 잠재적인 위험성을 가지고 있다. 우리나라는 세계 7대 화학제품 생산국가로, 활발한 수출 입을 통해 국가부흥에 기여하고 있다. 최근 REACH 및 GHS와 같은 화학물질 안전관리에 대한 국제적 관심이 증대되어 그에 따른 효율적인 화학물질 관리체계 구축에 대한 필요성이 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화학물질에 대한 국내, UN GHS 물리화학적 위험성 분류기준, 표지 및 위험성 평가 시험방법, 위험물안전관리법 등에서 정한 분류정보의 차이점을 비교하였으며, 또한 국제 환경변화에 대응하기 위하여 선택가능방식(building block approach)으로 GHS제도 도입방안을 제시하였다. 또한 소비자에게 화학물질의 통일화된 위험성 정보를 제공하여 산업체가 화학물질을 해외로 수출 입 하는데 무역장벽을 해소하고자 하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.40-48
• /
• 2011

This study was intended to resolve problems caused by different classification criteria and management methods of carcinogenicity, which have made industrial safety & health institutions and business employers difficult to execute projects or to carry out occupational safety and health related works, and have affected how civic groups perceive carcinogens. The content of this study contained the comparison of management and categorization standards for carcinogens between Korea and other countries as well as the current carcinogenicity-related information supply status of each professional institution. Furthermore, this research examined the current state of supplying information on carcinogenicity among major institutional information supply according to the categorization standard for carcinogens by UN GHS, Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea(KMoEL), and GHS MSDS provided by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency(KOSHA). Now, professional agency provide 927 kinds of IARC, 237 kinds of NTP, 351 kinds of ACGIH and 1,006 kinds of EU ECHA information on carcinogenic agents. KMoEL provides carcinogenicity-related information of 58 chemical agents in accordance with the category of carcinogens guided by ACGIH. KOSHA offers 13,232 kinds of GHS MSDS information including 2,484 carcinogenic substances. Therefore, carcinogenicity-related information of chemical substances, which are not available on the existing GHS MSDS DB, should be updated for the future reference.