• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2007

목 적 : 육안적 또는 현미경적 혈뇨를 주소로 24시간 소변화학검사를 시행한 환아들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 고칼슘뇨군과 비고칼슘뇨군으로 나누어 두 군의 혈액 및 소변화학검사와 그로부터 계산된 각 용질의 배설량, 청소율, 분획배설 등에 있어서 두 군간에 차이점이 있는지 비교하였다. 방 법 : 1997년 2월부터 2007년 2월까지 10년간 가톨릭의대 의정부성모병원 소아과에서 육안 또는 현미경적 혈뇨를 주소로 24시간 소변검사를 시행한 환아 중, 단백질 배설량이 4 mg/$m^2$/시간 이상으로 단백뇨가 동반된 경우는 제외하고, 소변 칼슘 배설량이 4 mg/kg/일 이상으로 특발성 고칼슘뇨증으로 진단 받은 30명과 소변 칼슘배설량이 3mg/kg/일 미만인 비고칼슘뇨군 환아 41명을 대상으로 하여 혈액화학검사, 기본 소변검사, 24시간 소변화학검사로부터 각종 소변 용질의 배설량, 청소율, 분획배설 등을 구하여 두 군간에 차이점이 있는지를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 고칼슘뇨군(30명)과 비고칼슘뇨군(41명)에서 육안적 혈뇨는 각각 24명(80%), 17명(42%)으로 고칼슘뇨군에서 육안적 혈뇨의 비가 높았다. 임의채취뇨의 Ca/Cr 비는 각각 $0.34{\pm}0.15,\;0.15{\pm}0.13$이었으며 고칼슘뇨군 30명 중 28명의 임의채취뇨 Ca/Cr 비는 0.2 이상이었고, 비고칼슘뇨군 41명 중 36명의 임의채취뇨 Ca/Cr 비가 0.2 미만이었다. 혈액화학검사에서 고칼슘뇨군과 비고칼슘뇨군의 혈청 칼슘은 각각 $9.8{\pm}0.5 mg/dL,\;9.5{\pm}0.5 mg/dL$로 고칼슘뇨군이 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다(P=0.033). 24시간 소변의 칼슘농도는 각각 $14.7{\pm}7.7 mg/dL,\;3.3{\pm}2.2 mg/dL$로 고칼슘뇨군이 유의하게 높았고(P<0.001), 칼슘배설량도 각각 $6.1{\pm}2.9 mg/kg/$일, $1.5{\pm}0.9 mg/kg/$일로 고 칼슘뇨군에서 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). 크레아티닌 청소율로 구한 사구체여과율은 각각 $93.7{\pm}31 mL/min,\;79.5{\pm}32.0 mL/min$로 고칼슘뇨군이 유의하게 높았다(P=0.048). 24시간 소변의 요소농도는 각각 $797{\pm}316 mg/dL,\;569{\pm}329 mg/dL$로 고칼슘뇨군에서 유의하게 높았고(P=0.015), 요소배설 량도 각각 $341 {\pm}102 mg/kg/$일, $233{\pm}123 mg/kg/$일로 고칼슘뇨군에서 유의하게 높았다(P=0.002). 나트륨 배설량은 두 군간에 차이가 없었으나 나트륨 분획배설(FENa)은 각각 $1.0{\pm}0.4%,\;1.3{\pm}0.6%$로 고칼슘뇨군에서 유의하게 낮았다(P=0.029). 소변배설량은 두 군간에 차이가 없었으나 소변의 삼투질농도는 각각 $393{\pm}103 mOsm/kg\;H_2O,\;304{\pm}96 mOsm/kgH_2O$로 고칼슘뇨군에서 더 농축된 소변을 보았다(P=0.003). 결론 :고칼슘뇨군의 소변화학검사의 가장 특징적인 소견은 요소 배설과 사구체여과율의 증가로서 이는 고칼슘뇨군이 비고칼슘뇨군에 비하여 고단백식이를 하고 있을 가능성을 시사한다. 나트륨과 칼슘은 사구체 여과가 증가함에 따라 원위세뇨관 및 집합관에 도달하는 양도 증가하고 그 곳에서 나트륨의 재흡수 기전이 매우 정교하게 이루어지는데 비하여 칼슘의 그 것은 그렇지 못하여 고칼슘뇨증을 일으켰을 가능성이 있다. 향후 고칼슘뇨 환아를 진료함에 있어서 단백질 섭취 등식이 습관의 문진과 함께 식이요법도 고려해 보아야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

The effect of supplemented high protein diet intake on renal urea regulation in swamp buffalo was carried out in the present experiment Five swamp buffalo heifers weighing between 208-284 kg were used for this study. The animals were fed with a supplementary high protein diet and renal function and kinetic parameters for urea excretion were measured. This was compared to a control period where the same animals had been fed only with paragrass and water hyacinth. For 2 months the same animals were fed a mixed of paragrass, water hyacinth plus 2 kgs of a high protein supplement (protein 18.2% DM basis) per head per day. In comparison to the control period, there were no differences in the rate of urine flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), plasma urea concentration and filtered urea. In animals supplemented with high protein intake mean values of urea clearance, excretion rate and the urea urine/plasma concentration ratio markedly increased (p < 0.05) while renal urea reabsorption significantly decreased from 40% to 26% of the quantity filtered. In this same study group urea space distribution and urea pool size increased which coincided with an increase in plasma volume (p < 0.05). Plasma protein decreased while plasma osmolarity increased (p < 0.05). Both urea turnover rate and biological half-life of $^{14}C$-urea were not affected by a supplementary high protein intake. The results suggest that animals supplemented with high protein diets are in a state of dynamic equilibrium of urea which is well balanced between urea excreted into the urine and the amount synthesized. The limitation for renal tubular urea reabsorption would be a change in extra-renal factors with an elevation of the total pool size of nitrogenous substance.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2020

Background: A diabetic foot is the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations (LEA). The study seeks to assess the risk factors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods: The study was conducted on 351 patients with DFUs from January 2010 to December 2018. Their demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory data, ankle-brachial index, Wagner classification, osteomyelitis, sarcopenia index, and ulcer sizes were considered as variables to predict outcome. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to test the relationship of the data gathered. Additionally, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their amputation surgery. Results: Out of the 351 subjects, 170 required LEA. The mean age of the subjects was 61 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years; there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of these averages. Osteomyelitis (hazard ratio [HR], 6.164; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.561-10.671), lesion on percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (HR, 2.494; 95% CI, 1.087-5.721), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.981-0.999), ulcer size (HR, 1.247; 95% CI, 1.107-1.405), and forefoot ulcer location (HR, 2.475; 95% CI, 0.224-0.73) were associated with risk of amputation. Conclusion: Osteomyelitis, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, ulcer size, and forefoot ulcer location were risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot patients. Further investigation would contribute to the establishment of a diabetic foot risk stratification system for Koreans, allowing for optimal individualized treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2001

Objective : The present study was carried out to determine if Juglandis Semen Aquacupuncture(JSA) exerts beneficial effect against the urine concentrating defect induced by glycerol injection in rabbits. Methods : In order to test the effect of JSA, rabbits were acupunctured with $0.5m{\ell}$ of 1%JSA for 7days at both sides of $Sh{\grave{e}}ns{\bar{u}}$(BL23) before the glycerol injection. The other animals were pretreated with an equal volume of saline instead of JSA. Results : The urine flow was reduced, but the urine osmolality was significantly lower than the basal period in glycerol-injected animals, indicating that glycerol causes the urine concentrating defect. The fractional excretion of Na and K was increased in glycerol-treated animals. The Free-water clearance and fractional water excretion(V/GFR) were increased in animals treated with glycerol. Conclusion : These results indicate that glycerol injection resulted an impairment in the urine concentrating ability in rabbits. Such changes were prevented by JSA. JSA may be used as a method to treat and prevent glycerol-induced acute renal failure.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.114-126
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• 2010

Purpose: To examine the levels of the disease-related knowledge and educational demands of pre-dialysis, chronic renal failure patients at different GFRs and stages. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey and aimed at 116 pre-dialysis, chronic renal failure patients, who were registered and received regular treatment from December 1 to December 31, 2009 at the nephrology departments of tertiary medical centers in Seoul. Stages were classified into Stage 3, 4 and 5 depending on GFR ranges. To measure the levels of knowledge and educational demands, the tool, which were first invented by Young Ae Lim (1996) and then modified by Hyo Sun Lim (2005) to adjust the knowledge and educational demands measuring tool for hemodialysis patients to pre-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure, was used. Collected data was analyzed with the SPSS WIN 12.0 program (average, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA). Results: There was a significant difference in the disease-related knowledge levels of the subjects at each stage (F=24.41, p=.000). The Scheffe post hoc test confirmed that patients at higher stages had higher levels of knowledge of their disease. Also, although the results showed that patients at higher stages had higher educational demands, there was no significant difference among the groups (F=1.259, p=.288). Conclusion: As patients have different levels of knowledge of the disease and educational demands depending on their stages, it is important to develop and use a systematic education program that reflects the demands and levels of patients at each stage in order to help pre-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure with self-management and improve their quality of life.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2000

독성약물에 의한 급성신부전시 세뇨관세포의 물질 재흡수 장애에 대한 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 효과를 조사하였다. 토끼에 수은(HgCl2)을 10 mg/kg되게 피하 주사하여 급성신부전을 유발하였고, 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 효과는 수은을 주사하기 전 7일 동안 0.05% 액(液) 0.3 g/kg 용량을 경구 투여하여 관찰하였다. 수은을 주사하기 전 24시간 동안 요와 혈액을 채취하여 신장기능을 측정하여 대조기간(basal period)의 값으로 하였고, 수은을 주사한 후 24시간 동안 요와 혈액을 얻어 수은에 의한 신장기능 변화를 평가하였다. 수은을 처리한 후 사구체여과율이 대조값에 비해 감소하였고, 혈청내 creatinine 농도가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들은 수은이 급성신부전을 유발하였음을 가리킨다. 수은을 처리한 동물에서 포도당 및 인산의 배설분율이 증가하였고, 이러한 변화는 brush-border membrane에서 물질의 이동장애와 Na-pump 활성의 감소에 기인하였다. 수은을 주사한 동물의 신장피질 절편에서 유기이온인 PAH와 TEA 이동이 억제되었다. 토끼의 신장조직에서 지질의 과산화가 수은을 주사한 후 증가하였다. 단삼(丹參) 추출액을 전 처리한 후 수은을 주사한 경우 수은에 의해 유발된 사구체여과율의 감소와 혈청내 creatinine 농도 증가 현상이 유의하게 완화되었다. 수은에 의한 세뇨관에서 물질의 재흡수 장애가 단삼(丹參) 추출액의 전처리에 의해 방지되었다. 단삼(丹參) 추출액은 수은에 의한 지질의 과산화를 억제하였다. 수은에 의한 급성신부전은 항산화제로 잘 알려진 DPPD에 의해 방지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 생체실험결과 수은에 의한 급성신부전의 유발과정에 지질의 과산화가 중요한 역할을 할 가능성을 보이고 있고, 단삼(丹參) 추출액은 수은에 의한 급성신부전을 방지하는 효과를 가지고 있으며, 그 효과는 단삼(丹參)의 항산화작용에 기인(起因)할 가능성이 많다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2002

The present study examined the effects of water extract of Hwangruynhaedoktang plus Yukmijihwangtang add Chogudeung (HYC) on the blood pressure and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The HYC water extract blocked increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR. The urinary volume (UV), sodium (UNaV), potassium (UkV), and chloride (UclV) excretions were significantly increased in SHR administered with high dose of water extract of HYC, but urinary osmolality was not changed. The creatinine clearance (Ccr), which is index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), was increased by administration of HYC, while solute-free water reabsorption (TcH2O) was not changed. Taken together, these results suggest that the depressor effects of HYC, at least in part, caused by diuretic effect due to increase of glomerular filtration rate.

• Composites Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

섬유강화 복합재료는 우수한 기계적, 전자기적 물성 등으로 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있다. 열경화성 복합재는 제작공정에서의 성형온도와 제품의 운용온도인 상온간의 온도차이로 형상의 변형(스프링 백)이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 스프링 백은 하이브리드 구조의 정밀한 형상 제작을 위해서 반드시 보정되어야할 부분이다. 본 연구에서는 유리섬유/에폭시 복합재와 카본섬유/에폭시 복합재로 구성된 비대칭 하이브리드 복합재를 경화사이클, 적층두께, 적층방법 등 다양한 조건을 적용하여 제작하고 3차원 좌표측정기를 이용하여 스프링 백을 측정하였다. 또한 고전 적층판 이론(CLT)과 유한요소해석(ANSYS)으로 스프링백을 예측하고 실험결과와 비교하였다. 고전 적층판 이론과 유한요소해석으로 예측된 스프링 백은 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 성형온도가 낮을수록 스프링 백이 감소되는 경향을 보임을 확인하였으나 근원적으로 스프링 백이 제거되지는 않았다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

The faulty regulation of imprinting gene lead to the abnormal development of reconstructed embryo after nuclear transfer. However, the correlation between the imprinting status of donor cell and preimplantation stage of embryo development is not yet clear. In this study, to determine this correlation, we used the porcine spermatogonial stem cell (pSSC) and fetal fibroblast (pFF) as donor cells. As the results, the isolated cells with laminin matrix selection strongly expressed the GFR ${\alpha}$-1 and PLZF genes of SSCs specific markers. The pSSCs were maintained to 12 passages and positive for the pluripotent marker including OCT4, SSEA1 and NANOG. The methylation analysis of H19 DMR of pSSCs revealed that the zinc finger protein binding sites CTCF3 of H19 DMRs displayed an androgenic imprinting pattern (92.7%). Also, to investigate the reprogramming potential of pSSCs as donor cell, we compared the development rate and methylation status of H19 gene between the reconstructed embryos from pFF and pSSC. This result showed no significant differences of the development rate between the pFFs ($11.2{\pm}0.8%$) and SSCs ($13.3{\pm}1.1%$). However, interestingly, while the CTCF3 methylation status of pFF-NT blastocyst was decreased (36.3%), and the CTCF3 methylation status of pSSC-NT blastocyst was maintained. Therefore, this result suggested that the genomic imprinting status of pSSCs is more effective than that of normal somatic cells for the normal development because the maintenance of imprinting pattern is very important in early embryo stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on renal dysfunction and blood presure change in chronic cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet(Cd-0C group) 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were raids for 20weeks. Cadmium were supplied as drinking water of 50ppm Cd2+ Morphological changes shown through a light microscope and an electro-microscope revealed the mitochondria and tubule epithelial cell edema in Cd -0C group but they were alleviated in catechin supplementation. The urinary $\beta$2-microglobulin that measured to observe the glomerular injury were higher in Cd-poisoned groups than in normal group but they was lowered by catechin supplementation. Glomerular filtration ratios(GFR) in Cd-poisoned groups were significantly lower than in normal group but that of catechin supplementation group was similar to normal group. This suggested that catechin protected the kidney from the functional damage. Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) activity and blood pressure(BP) in Cd-poisoned groups were significantly higher than in normal group. Heart rate was tended to increase in Cd-poisoned groups. The results indicate that green tea catechin supplementation on chronic cadmium-poisoned rats normalized the renal dysfunction and blood pressure system.