• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.423-428
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• 2021

Progressive transformation of germinal centers (이하 PTGC)는 드물게 나타나는 양성 림프절 질환으로, 주로 만성적인 림프절 비대의 형태로 나타난다. 주로 한 개 또는 여러 개의 림프절의 무통성 비대로 나타나며, 가장 흔히 침범하는 부위는 경부 림프절, 다음으로 액와부와 서혜부 림프절로 알려져 있다. 일부 환자들에서는 조직병리에서 림프종이 함께 존재하기도 하지만, PTGC 자체는 전암병변으로 인식되지는 않는다. 조직학적으로 PTGC로 진단되는 경우도 적지만, 이에 대한 영상의학적 소견은 거의 보고된 바가 없다. 이에 저자들은 침윤성 유방암 환자에서 수술 후 반대편 액와부 림프절 비대로 나타나 전이성 림프절로 오인한 PTGC 증례의 영상 소견을 보고하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.973-979
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• 2024

In the framework of the Generation IV research and development project, in which the French Commission of Alternative and Atomic Energies (CEA) is involved, a main objective for the design of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is to meet the safety goals for severe accidents. Among the severe ones, the Unprotected Transient OverPower (UTOP) accidents can lead very quickly to a global melting of the core. UTOP accidents can be considered either as slow during a Control Rod Withdrawal (CRW) or as fast. The paper focuses on fast UTOP accidents, which occur in a few milliseconds, and three different scenarios are considered: rupture of the core support plate, uncontrolled passage of a gas bubble inside the core and core mechanical distortion such as a core flowering/compaction during an earthquake. Several levels and rates of reactivity insertions are also considered and the thermal-mechanical behavior of an ASTRID fuel pin from the ASTRID CFV core is simulated with the GERMINAL code. Two types of fuel pins are simulated, inner and outer core pins, and three different burn-up are considered. Moreover, the feedback from the CABRI programs on these type of transients is used in order to evaluate the failure mechanism in terms of kinetics of energy injection and fuel melting. The CABRI experiments complete the analysis made with GERMINAL calculations and have shown that three dominant mechanisms can be considered as responsible for pin failure or onset of pin degradation during ULOF/UTOP accident: molten cavity pressure loading, fuel-cladding mechanical interaction (FCMI) and fuel break-up. The study is one of the first step in fast UTOP accidents modelling with GERMINAL and it has shown that the code can already succeed in modelling these type of scenarios up to the sodium boiling point. The modeling of the radial propagation of the melting front, validated by comparison with CABRI tests, is already very efficient.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1999

Endocrine disrupting chemicals probably cause the cytological or/and morphological changes of germinal cells in gonad. Accordingly, this study was aimed to make sure that the effect of hormone-mimicking chemicals on gonad morphology such as decrease of germinal cells, inhibition of cellular maturation and change in the ratio of germinal cells in the different developmental phase can be observed by histopathological procedures and can be a useful bio-indicator for the evaluation of endocrine disruption by environmental chemicals. In this experiment, female Japanese medaka were exposured to quercetin, a phytoestrogen, at the concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L. quercetin showed the significant decrease in the number and rate of vitellogenic follicular oocytes in the treated group for 4 and 6 weeks. The weak development of yolk could be also observed. We could conclude that quercetin has anti-estrogenic or androgen-like potency by exerting the inhibition effect on oogenesis in fish female- gonad. From the result of this study, the applied methods and techniques can be evaluated to be a useful biomonitoring means for water pollution, expecting a good result of the subsequent study on apoptosis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

Antibodies are powerful defense tools against pathogens but may cause autoimmune diseases when erroneously directed toward self-antigens. Thus, antibody producing cells are carefully selected, refined, and expanded in a highly regulated microenvironment (germinal center) in the peripheral lymphoid organs. A subset of T cells termed T follicular helper cells (Tfh) play a central role in instructing B cells to form a repertoire of antibody producing cells that provide life-long supply of high affinity, pathogenspecific antibodies. Therefore, understanding how Tfh cells arise and how they facilitate B cell selection and differentiation during germinal center reaction is critical to improve vaccines and better treat autoimmune diseases. In this review, I will summarise recent findings on molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Tfh generation and function with an emphasis on T cell costimulation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2023

Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is among the devastating neurological complications with mortality and neurodevelopmental disability rates ranging from 14.7% to 44.7% in preterm infants. The medical techniques have improved throughout the years, as the morbidity-free survival rate of very-low-birth-weight infants has increased; however, the neonatal and long-term morbidity rates have not significantly improved. To this date, there is no strong evidence on pharmacological management on GM-IVH, due to the limitation of well-designed randomized controlled studies. However, recombinant human erythropoietin administration in preterm infants seems to be the only effective pharmacological management in limited situations. Hence, further high-quality collaborative research studies are warranted in the future to ensure better outcomes among preterm infants with GM-IVH.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.72-72
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• 2002

Oocytes maturation, characterized by germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown, formation of the first meiotic spindle, expulsion of the first polar body and arrest in metaphase of second meiotic division (MII), occurs in preovulatory follicles in response to the surge of gonadotropin and leads to an ovulated oocyte in vivo. However, meiotic resumption in vitro occurs spontaneously following removal of cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) from the follicle. (omitted)

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1993

난모세포성숙기 (peripheral germinal vesicle stage)의 무지개송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss)를 대상으로 방사성 표지 전구체(3H-pregnenolone, 3H-l7$\alpha$-hydroxyprogesterone 그리고 3H-androstenedione)를 이용하여 유 nitro에서 관찰한 협막세포층의 스테로이드 주 대사 경로는 다음과 같으며, pregnenolone -) 17a-hydroxypregnenolone$\longrightarrow$ 17u-hydroxyprogesterone $\longrightarrow$ androstenedione $\longrightarrow$ testosterone 이는 $\Delta$5-스테로이드 경로의 존재가능성을 지적하고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2023

Germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) are the major causes of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Cranial ultrasound (cUS) is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing and classifying GM-IVH. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), usually performed at term-equivalent age, is more sensitive than cUS in identifying hemorrhage in the brain. Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation is a significant complication of GM-IVH and correlates with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In this review, we discuss the various imaging findings of GM-IVH in premature infants, focusing on the role of cUS and MRI.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1341-1347
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• 2012

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) can be divided into germinal centre (GC-DLBCL) and post germinal centre (post GC-DLBCL) groups by applying immunohistochemical antibodies. As these subgroups respond differently to chemotherapy, it is possible at diagnosis to select a poor prognostic subgroup for aggressive treatment. Objective: To determine the frequencies of GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL in patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the clinical response after six cycles of chemotherapy. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive study conducted in AFIP and CMH, Rawalpindi and NORI, Islamabad, from September 2010 to September 2011, a total of 75 pretreatment cases of DLBCL diagnosed during the study period were included. Cases were segregated in to GC-DLBCL and post GC-DLBCL groups according to results of immunohistochemistry markers CD10, BCL6 and MUM1. Immediate clinical response was assessed after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Response was divided into complete response, partial response, stable disease or relapse or progression. Results: The mean age was $54.2{\pm}15$. Males were 53 (70.7%). Forty (53.3%) cases comprised the GC-DLBCL group; 25(62.5%) of them showed a complete response. Most patients of the post GC-DLBCL 19(54%) showed relapse/progression. Results of immediate clinical response in both prognostic subgroups were significant (p<0.05). Results regarding positivity with immunohistochemical antibodies CD10 (p 0.011), BCL6 (p 0.013) and MUM1 (p 0.000) regarding immediate clinical response were also significant. Conclusion: GC-DLBCL group shows better response to CHOP chemotherapy regimen. Immunohistochemistry should be used to further classify DLBCL as this can enable us to select aggressive group for aggressive treatment. This manuscript is important because the study is the first to becarried out exclusively in Pakistan or our part of the world.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.343-351
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 돼지난자의 체외성숙, 수정 및 단위발생시 일어나는 표층과립의 분포를 살펴보고, 그것들의 역할을 규명해 보고자 실시하였다. 난자의 표층과립은 형광염색을 실시한 후 laser scanning confocal microscope를 이용하여 관찰하거나 transmission electron microscope를 사용하여 관찰하였다. Germinal vesicle 단계의 돼지난자에서는 표층과립은 난자피질에 비교적 두꺼운 형태로 발견되었는데, germinal vesicle breakdown이 일어난 직후 피질 부근으로 표층과립의 움직임이 관찰되었다. Microfilaments의 중합화를 방해하는 cytochalasin B를 처리하였을 때 표층과립의 움직임은 관찰되지 않았다. 무 처리군의 수정 및 단위발생을 유도한 난자에서는 표층과립 내용물들이 위란강내에 균질하게 관찰되었으나, cytochalasin B를 처리한 난자에서는 비정상적인 cortical granule의 움직임을 관장하고 이러한 움직임이 수정시 다정자 침입을 막고 표층과립 반응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.