• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

천궁에서는 butylidene phthalide, butyl phthalide, senkyunolide, cnidilide + neocnidilide 및 ligustilide가 동정되었으며, 이들 성분의 70% 이상을 ligustilide와 senkyunolide가 차지하였다. Phthalide류 총량으로 볼 때 연길산 및 안국산의 중국재배 천궁은 한국재배종보다 약간 높은 경향이었으나, 길림산은 한국 재배종보다 뒤떨어지는 것으로 나타났으며 각 성분의 함량도 낮아 품질이 나쁜 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 중국의 연길산 천궁은 ligustilide와 senkyunolide의 광분해생성물인 butylidene phthalide 및 butyl phthalide함량이 높아 유통기간과 보관상의 문제가 있었다고 판단되어져 약재 수입시 유의하여야 할 것으로 사료된다. 당귀에서는 butylidene phthalide와 ligustilide가 동정 되었으며, 전체의 약 90%를 ligustilide가 차지하였다. 우리나라 재배종 당귀 중의 ligustilide 함량은 중국 연길산의 상품 및 하품보다 높았으나, 안국산 및 길림산보다는 낮았다. 그러나 길림산을 제외한 중국산 당귀는 ligustilide의 광분해산물로 생성되는 butylidene phthalide함량이 우리 나라 재배종에 비하여 훨씬 높은 것으로 나타나, 천궁에서와 같이 중국산 약재의 유통과 보관상의 문제점이 제기되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 메밀을 효소처리를 통해 당화시킨 후, 첨가량을 달리하여 발효유에 첨가하고 휘발성 향기성분과 발효특성을 비교하였다. 휘발성 향기성분은 HS-SPME기법을 이용하여 GC-FID와 GC-MS로 분석하였고, 발효특성은 24시간 발효시키는 동안 6시간 주기로 pH와 적정산도를 측정하였으며, 24시간 발효시킨 후 점도와 색도, 생균수를 측정 및 비교하였다. Ketone류와 acid류가 주로 동정되었는데 메밀 당화 용액의 첨가량이 증가할수록 발효유와 같은 유제품에서 전형적인 버터 향을 내는 diacetyl과 크림 향과 fresh함을 부여하는 2-heptanone, 산패취를 내는 butanoic acid가 증가하였고, 식초 향을 강하게 내는 acetic acid와 acetone 향을 내는 2-butanone이 감소하였다. 따라서 메밀을 당화시켜 발효유에 첨가함으로써 향기품질이 개선되었다고 판단할 수 있었고, 그 원인으로는 미생물학적 요인이 가장 크며 이에 대한 심도 깊은 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. 메밀 당화 용액의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH는 발효 6시간 후 까지 급격하게 감소하는 경향을 보이다가 이후에는 완만히 감소하였고, 적정산도는 그와 역으로 유사하게 발효 6시간 후까지 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보이다가 이후에는 완만하게 증가하였다. Curd의 주성분인 casein이 상대적으로 적어졌기 때문에 점도는 메밀 당화 용액의 첨가량이 증가할수록 현저하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 색도는 명암을 나타내는 L값만이 유의적인 차이를 보이며 감소하여 색이 진해졌다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 메밀 당화 용액의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 생균수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 메밀을 당화하여 얻을 수 있는 포도당과 기존에 다량 존재하는 식이섬유로 인해 유산균의 생육이 촉진된 것으로 판단되었다. 즉 본 실험을 통하여 메밀 당화 용액의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 발효유의 발효특성의 차이가 있음을 확인하였고 또한 메밀 발효유의 향기품질을 향상시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1006-1011
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• 1998

신고, 만삼길, 추황배의 휘발성 향기성분을 LLEP 방법으로 추출하였고 GC의 RI와 GC/MS 분석에 의하여 동정하였다. 신고, 만삼길, 추황배에서 52종, 47종, 22종의 화합물이 분리동정되었고, 신고의 향기성분으로 alcohol류 20종, ester류 16종, hydrocarbon류 7종, acid류 6종, aldehyde류 2종, ketone류 1종이 확인되었다. 이 중에서 ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, hexanal, 1-hexanol, ethyl-3-hydroxy butanoate, ethyl-3-hydroxy nonanoate가 신고의 주요 향기성분으로 여겨졌다. 만삼길에서 분리동정 된 향기성분으로 alcohol류 23종, acid류 8종, ester류 5종, hydrocarbon류 5종, aldehyde류 4종, ketone류 2종이 동정되었다. 이 중에서 ethyl acetate, hexanal, ethyl-2-hydroxy propanoate, methyl eugenol, 2-pentanol, cis-3-hexenol, propyl acetate가 만삼길의 향기에 기여하는 것으로 여겨졌다. 추황배에서 분리동정 된 향기성분으로 ester류 6종, alcohol류 6종, acid류 6종, aldehyde류 3종, hydrocarbon류가 1종이 동정되었다. 이 중에서 ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, hexanal, 1-dodecanol, ethyl butanaote가 추황배의 주요 향기성분으로 간주되었다. 신고, 만삼길, 추황배에서 추출된 휘발성 향기성분의 함량은 각각 6.972, 2.776, 2.653 mg/kg을 차지하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E3호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2001

Source profiles were developed for a total of 45 volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can be emitted from gasoline evaporation. The gasoline samples of five major brands (for each season) were blended on the basis of the market share in Seoul area and analyzed by a GC-MS/FID system. In addition, we calculated gasoline evaporative compositions using the Raoult's law from the liquid gasoline compositions. The measured and estimated gasoline vapor compositions agree well each other. As a group, alkanes are the most abundant in the gasoline vapors profiles (77.4% on average), followed by alkenes (19.1%), and aromatics (1.7%). As a specie in gasoline vapor, i-pentane is the most abundant, followed by n-butane, n-pentane, i-butane, trans-and cis-2-butenes, 2-methyl-2-butene, and trans-and cis-2-pentenes . It was also seen that aromatic content was much lower in the vapor phase compositions. From the comparison between experimental and calculated compositions, we identified the fact that once the gasoline vapor composition is reliably constructed entirely from the measured gasoline composition and the Raoult's law calculations, the need for doing separate chemical analyses of the gasoline vapor can be reduced.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.469-477
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• 2000

Bisphenol-A (BPA), a known endocrine disruptor, is a main building block of epoxy resin which is widely used as a coating agent in residential water storage tanks. Therefore, BPA leaching from the epoxy resin may have adverse effects on human health. The possibility of BPA leaching from three epoxy resins were tested with a modified KS D 8502 method at 20, 50, 75 and $100^{\circ}C$ in deionized water and the specified test water, respectively. BPA leached to the test water was identified using GC-MS and quantified with GC-FID after a sequential extraction and concentration. The results showed that BPA leaching has occurred in all three samples tested. The quantify of BPA leaching from unit area of epoxy resin coating was in the range of $10.677{\sim}273.120{\mu}g/m^2$ for sample A, 29.737~1734.045 for sample B and 52.857~548.778 for sample C depending on the test temperature, respectively. In general, the amount of BPA leaching increased as the water temperature increases. This result implies a higher risk of BPA leaching to drinking water during a hot summer season. In addition, microbial growth, measured by colony forming units, in epoxy coated water tanks was higher than that in a stainless steel tank suggesting that compounds leaching from epoxy resin may support the growth of microorganisms in a residential water holding tank.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.417-428
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• 1999

The measurement of VOSCs(volatile organic sulfur compounds) in the air is nowadays a very important environmental research field. It is, however, very difficult because the concentration of the VOSC in ambient air is usually very low and the high reactivity makes it difficult to keep in container without loss of recovery. In this study, sampling method with cryogenic preconcentration is evaluated for analysis of atmospheric VOSC such as $CH_3SH,\;CH_3CH_2SH,\;CH_3SCH_3,\;CS_2,\;CH_3SSCH_3,\;CH_3SCH_2SCHA_3,\;and\;C_2H_5SSC_2H_5$ analyzed by GC-MS or GC-FID. Repeatabilities of measurement accompanied with preconcentration for 3-successive runs were in the range of 0.2~1.0% as a relative standard deviation. Stabilities up to 13 days were measured in 6 L canister and 10 L tedlar bag filled with VOSCs in ppb level. Higher stability was observed in tedlar bag as compared to canister with glass coated inner walls, and thiol compounds show dramatic losses in canister within 2~3 days. It is found that recovery over 70% was obtained in a week for all tested VOSCs when the compounds from ambient air matrix were stored in tedlar bag. It is also found that the stabilities of VOSCs are depending on humidity and coexisting compounds in matrix gas due to sample adsorption onto inner surface and reactivity. The results indicate the possibility and limitations of VOSC analysis in ambient air using container sampling method with cryogenic preconcentration.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of 14 kinds of citrus oils and to test their biological activities. Citrus essential oils were obtained by steam distillation from immature fruits collected from Jeju Island and were analyzed using gas chromatograph (GC)-flame ionization detectors (FID) and GC-MS. Limonene (55.4% to 91.7%), myrcene (2.1% to 32.1%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (0.6% to 1.6%) and linalool (0.4% to 6.9%) were the major components in most citrus species. To evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity, all essential oils were tested against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Nine out of fourteen citrus oils exhibited antibacterial activity against P. acnes, but not against S. epidermidis. The effects of the citrus oils on DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide radical anion scavenging, nitric oxide radical, and cytotoxicity were also assessed. Three essential citrus oils, Joadeung, Dongjunggyul, and Bujiwha, exhibited potent inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. Two essential oils, Dongjunggyul and Joadeung, showed potent free radical scavenging activities in the DPPH assay. For future applications in cosmetic products, we also performed MTT assays in a human dermal fibroblast cell line. The majority of the essential oils showed no cytotoxicity. The results indicate that citrus essential oils can be useful natural agents for cosmetic application.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.616-623
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• 2010

Recently, interests in indoor air quality (IAQ) have been increased; however, a number of researchers have mainly focused on anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) emitted from building materials. Therefore, the properties of natural VOC (NVOC) and anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emitted from wood-based panels was investigated in this work. VOCs emitted from these panels were sampled through Tenax TA/Cabotrap and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Comparisons were made concerning TVOC, NVOC, and composition ratios of NVOC. It was revealed that TVOC emission rates of midium density fiber (MDF) were the highest. Besides, it was found that emissions of NVOC from wood-based panels were much higher than those of anthropogenic AVOC except for plywood of Oceania timber. It was also observed that the composition ratio of NVOC emitted from plywood of Pinus radiata was the highest as 65% of TVOC. Major NVOC components were monoterpene compounds such as $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, d-limonene, camphene and $\alpha$-terpinene. It was concluded that the composition rates of VOCs emitted from building materials were clearly different according to the raw materials and manufacturing methods.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.493-497
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• 2013

This study was designed to analyze the chemical composition of essential oil in 'Shiranuhi' immature fruit and to test their biological activities. 'Shiranuhi' immature essential oils (SIEO) were obtained by steam distillation from fruits collected from Jeju Island and were analyzed using gas chromatograph (GC)-flame ionization detectors (FID) and GC-MS. Fourteen components were identified in the essential oil. Limonene (75.21%) and terpineol (8.68%) were the major components in SIEO. Since acne vulgaris is the combined result of a bacterial infection and the inflammatory response to that infection, we examined whether SIEO possessed antibacterial against skin pathogens. As a result, SIEO showed excellent antibacterial activities against drug-susceptible and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are acne-causing bacteria. In this study, SIEO was examined on DPPH radical scavenging activities, which showed moderate antioxidant activity ($SC_{50}$, $15.36{\mu}L/mL$). In order to determined whether SIEO can be safely applied to human skin, the cytotoxicity effects of SIEO were determined by colorimetric MTT assays in normal human fibroblasts and keratinocyte HaCaT cells. They exhibited low cytotoxicity at $0.5{\mu}L/mL$ in both celllines. Based on these results, we suggest the possibility that essential oil of 'Shiranuhi' maybe considered as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2000

SDE 방법으로 추출한 블랙올림피아, 캠벨, 델라웨어의 향기성분을 분석하여 각각 77종, 72종, 74종의 휘발성 향기성분을 분리.동정하였다. 블랙올림피아의 주요향기성분으로 (E)-2-hexenal(20.36%), diethylacetal(18.03%), hexanal, ethyl acetate가 다량 함유되어 있었다. 캠벨에서는 에스터류로써 30.81%를 나타낸 ethyl acetate가 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, ethyl (E,E)-2,4-decadienoate와 ethyl butanoate가 각각 7.96%, 2.59%를 차지하였고, 알코올류와 알데이드류는 주로 $C_{6}$ 화합물이 다량 함유되었다. 델라웨어에서는 블랙올림피아나 켐벨과는 달리 알코올류가 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 주요 성분은 (E)-2-hexenal (21.07%)과 (E)-2-hexen-1-ol(19.43%) 이었다. 세 종류의 품종에서 공통적으로 hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, ethyal acetate 둥이 다량 동정되어 $C_{6}$-화합물이 포도의 주된 향기성분으로 확인되었으나 테르펜올류는 델라웨어에서만 미량으로 검출되었다. 품종별 휘발성 향기성분의 총함량으로 블랙올림피아, 캠벨, 델라웨어에서 각각 13.7 mg/kg, 48.5 mg/kg,15.3 mg/kg이 정량분석 되었다.