• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to determine the total dietary fiber content and free sugar, fatty acid, amino acid compositions in bamboo shoot, lotus root and burdock. Bamboo shoot contained 3.05% of proteins, 0.48% of lipids, 2.45% of fibers, which were larger than those of other samples (lotus root and burdock). Burdock contained more sugars than the others as 18.64%. On a dry matter basis, total dietary fiber by Prosky AOAC method were 62.5% for bamboo shoot, 17.9% for lotus root and 41.9% for burdock. Therefore, the content of dietary fiber in bamboo shoot was the most abundant among them. Free sugar contents (glucose, fructose and sucrose) of the sample were analyzed by HPLC. Sucrose was the most abundant in both bamboo shoot and lotus root, and the content of fructose and sucrose in burdock were almost same. The major fatty acids in bamboo shoot, lotus root and burdock analyzed by GC were palmitic and linoleic acid. Also, linolenic acid were abundent only in bamboo shoot. The results of amino acid analysis showed that aspartic acid, glutamic acid and Iysine were the most abundent amino acids in the sample. Bamboo shoot contained large percentage of protein, the sweet-tasting amino acids and lipid than the other samples. Therefore bamboo shoot can be used as a flavor material because they contain plenty of the sweet-lasting amino acid and free sugar. Bamboo shoot and burdock can be used as potential source of dietary fiber because of the high content of dietary fiber in those samples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 1990

Commercial food grade porcine-pancreatic lipase was incorporated into cheese at two different levels of concentration and ripened at $7^{\circ},\;13^{\circ}\;and\;21^{\circ}C$ Gas chromatographic analysis showed that the pancreatic lipase-treated cheese produced significantly higher levels of short-chain free fatty acids than controls. At $21^{\circ}C$ the high level of pancreatic lipase-treated cheese produced medium flavor cheese at 1 wk and close to sharp flavor cheese at 3 wk without causing distinctive defects. The low level of pancreatic lipase-treated cheese developed a number of good quality cheese. They were roughly equivalent to medium and sharp cheeses when ripened at $7^{\circ},\;13^{\circ}\;and\;21^{\circ}C$ for 3 to 15wk. Statistical analyses indicated that there were significant correlations between aged Cheddar flavor and the concentration of c6 as individual short chain free fatty acids (FFA) or C4 and C6 FFA combinations. Pancreatic lipase may be applicable for the accelerated ripening of Cheddar cheese if appropriate conditions are used.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.675-680
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• 1990

A near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic(NIRS) method which has been recently developed for a non-destructive method for measuring ingredients in foods and agricultural products especially was evaluated for the determination of capsanthin, total sugar, capsaicin and moisture contents in Korean domestic red peppers. A multiple linear regression analysis with the data obtained by standard-laboratory methods(capsaicin by GC, capsanthin by Colorimetry, total sugar by HPLC and moisture by Vacuum drying method) and NIRS method was carried out to make a calibration. The accuracy of the NIRS method was found to be adequate when the standard-laboratory values for a set of sample that were not included in the calibration, were compared. It is concluded that the NIRS method is suitable for the determination of total sugar and capsanthin.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.466-476
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• 2006

Purpose : Colonization of denture soft lining materials by Candida albicans can result in clinical problem, and deterioration of the materials. This study aimed to compare the retention and penetration of C. albicans into four denture soft lining materials commonly used. Materials and methods : Four denture soft lining materials (Coe-comfort$^{(R)}$, Coe-soft$^{(R)}$, GC soft liner$^{(R)}$, and Tissue conditioner$^{(R)}$) discs were prepared to glass slide and dental stone. Adherence of yeast to surfaces was monitored after one hour incubation of standardized washed cell suspension with test disc surfaces. Adherent cells stained with acridine orange were counted fluorescence microscopy. Penetration of yeast into materials bonded with acrylic resin after 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6 and 7 days incubation was observed through sections stained using acridine orange and estimated to quantitative analysis using radioisotope. Results : There was statistical significance in cell numbers between smooth and rough surfaces(p<0.05). Higher numbers of cells were observed on rough surfaces. There was statistical significance in adherent cell numbers into smooth and rough surfaces individually(p<0.05). According to the increase of incubation periods, the cells penetrated into denture soft lining materials were shown to increase. The differences among all kinds of soft liner were statistically significant(p<0.05),and the largest number of cells penetrated into soft liners was observed in the Coe-soft$^{(R)}$. Conclusion : Initial adherence and penetration of yeast into denture soft lining materials has been influenced by surface roughness and chemical composition of them. The selection of appropriate materials and their fabrication may promote clinical performance.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.504-510
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• 2016

PURPOSE. Polyamide polymers do not provide sufficient bond strength to auto-polymerized resins for repairing fractured denture or replacing dislodged denture teeth. Limited treatment methods have been developed to improve the bond strength between auto-polymerized reline resins and polyamide denture base materials. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of surface modification by acetic acid on surface characteristics and bond strength of reline resin to polyamide denture base. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 84 polyamide specimens were divided into three surface treatment groups (n=28): control (N), silica-coated (S), and acid-treated (A). Two different auto-polymerized reline resins GC and Triplex resins were bonded to the samples (subgroups T and G, respectively, n=14). The specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test after they were stored in distilled water for 1 week and thermo-cycled for 5000 cycles. Data were analyzed with independent t-test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The bond strength values of A and S were significantly higher than those of N (P<.001 for both). However, statistically significant difference was not observed between group A and group S. According to the independent Student's t-test, the shear bond strength values of AT were significantly higher than those of AG (P<.001). CONCLUSION. The surface treatment of polyamide denture base materials with acetic acid may be an efficient and cost-effective method for increasing the shear bond strength to auto-polymerized reline resin.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.506-513
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• 2012

This principal objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory properties and flavor compounds of Kimchi prepared with different levels (0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%) of Backryeoncho extracts (BE). At high levels of BE, Kimchi showed increased level of crispness and flavor, and also jeotgal odor decreased in the sensory evaluation. Addition of 0.8 % BE resulted in the highest scores for color, taste, and overall acceptance of Kimchi. Therefore, addition of 0.8 % BE appears to be an acceptable approach to enhance the quality of Kimchi without reducing acceptability. As a result of flavor compound analysis, a total of 24 volatile flavor compound, including 11 S-containing compounds, 6 terpenes, 1 acid, 1 ester, 1 alcohol, 2 miscellaneous compounds, 2 thiocyanates, etc., were detected by GC/MS. The major volatile compounds were s-containing compounds and terpene hydrocarbon, and especially terpene of sabinene was newly detected in Kimchi with added BE. Levels of 2-vinyl-[4H]-1,3-dithin derived from garlic flavor as a sulfide-containing compound along with diallyl trisulfide derived from green onion flavor were reduced in Kimchi with added 0.8% BE. Most sulfide-containing compounds were reduced in Kimchi with added BE, whereas most terpenes detected in control Kimchi were not detected.

• Clean Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1999

Waste tires have both sides which are contamination and reuse concern with environmental problems. In this study, tire pyrolysis was conducted to convert combustible gases using thermal plasma. Production of combustible gases was found by gas chromatography after thermal plasma pyrolysis of waste tires without oxygen. The combustible gases consist of low molecular hydrocarbons such as $CH_4$, $C_2H_2$, $C_4H_{10}$ etc. As tire feed rate increased, the composition of $CH_4$ in the gases was increased. As plasma power increased, the composition of $C_2H_2$ was increased. $C_2H_2$ and $C_4H_{10}$ were dominant and had the ratio over 70% in the gases. On the other hand the trends of pyrolysis was characterized in the thermal plasma from the results of TG analysis which shows the currents of decomposition of the char according to the temperature.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 2016

Background: We previously reported that two-phase partition chromatography between ginseng water extract and soybean oil efficiently eliminated pesticide residues. However, an undesirable odor and an unpalatable taste unique to soybean oil were two major disadvantages of the method. This study was carried out to find an alternative vegetable oil that is cost effective, labor effective, and efficient without leaving an undesirable taste and smell. Methods: We employed six vegetable oils that were available at a grocery store. A 1-mL sample of the corresponding oil containing a total of 32 pesticides, representing four categories, was mixed with 10% aqueous ginseng extract (20 mL) and equivalent vegetable oil (7 mL) in Falcon tubes. The final concentration of the pesticides in the mixture (28 mL) was adjusted to approximately 2 ppm. In addition, pesticides for spiking were clustered depending on the analytical equipment (GC/HPLC), detection mode (electron capture detector/nitrogen-phosphorus detector), or retention time used. Samples were harvested and subjected to quantitative analysis of the pesticides. Results: Soybean oil demonstrated the highest efficiency in partitioning pesticide residues in the ginseng extract to the oil phase. However, canola oil gave the best result in an organoleptic test due to the lack of undesirable odor and unpalatable taste. Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative changes of ginsenosides evaluated by TLC and HPLC, respectively, revealed no notable change before or after canola oil treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that canola oil is an excellent vehicle with respect to its organoleptic property, cost-effectiveness and efficiency of eliminating pesticide residues in ginseng extract.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.453-461
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• 2016

Background: This study aims to describe the characterization of Paenibacillus polymyxa GBR-1 (GBR-1) with respect to its positive and negative effects on plants. Methods: The morphological characteristics of GBR-1 were identified with microscopy, and subjected to Biolog analysis for identification. Bacterial population and media optimization were determined by a growth curve. The potential for GBR-1 as a growth promoting agent, to have antagonistic activity, and to have hydrolytic activity at different temperatures was assessed. The coinoculation of GBR-1 with other microorganisms and its pathogenicity on various stored plants, including ginseng, were assessed. Results: Colony morphology, endospore-bearing cells, and cell division of GBR-1 were identified by microscopy; identification was performed by utilizing the Biolog system, gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters (GC-FAME). GBR-1 showed the strongest antagonistic activity against fungal and bacterial pathogens. GBR-1 cell numbers were relatively higher when the cells were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium when compared with other media. Furthermore, the starch-hydrolytic activity was influenced by GBR-1 at higher temperature compared to low temperatures. GBR-1 was pathogenic to some of the storage plants. Coinoculation of GBR-1 with other pathogens causes differences in rotting on ginseng roots. A significant growth promotion was observed in tobacco seedlings treated with GBR-1 suspensions under in vitro conditions, suggesting that its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) might play a role in growth promotion. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that GBR-1 has both positive and negative effects on ginseng root and other stored plants as a potential biocontrol agent and eliciting in vitro growth promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 1994

The portable gas chromatography system was developed which was consisted of ambient vapor sampler(AVS), short capillary column(3 m long, 0.32 mm i.d. GC(SCCGC), photoionization detector (PID) and vacuum pump which was operated at subambient pressure. The seletion of capillary column was based on the theoretical calculation from Golay equation. The pressure ratio of column inlet and outlet appropriated between 1.03 and 1.2 in the system. The available column flow were 0.87∼4.63 ml/min at the pressure ratios. The AVS consisted of three concentric tubes and enables rapid, repetitive introduction of vapor samples directly into capillary column and showed good reproducibility. The subambient column outlet pressure with PID resulted in a significant increase in the optimum column flow, permitting rapid analysis. The baseline separation of m-xylene and o-xylene was able to within 40 second with the system. Parameters affecting the column resolving power were sampling duration, column length and diameter, and the pressure ratio. Effects of these parameters were investigated using bezene derivative compounds.