• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.95-109
• /
• 1997

In order to prove the experimental effectiveness of ChongsimOndamTang by categotizing COTⅠ, COTIⅡ, COTⅢ and COTⅣ according to the volume of COT extract,the anticonvulsion action, the antipyretic action, the analgesic action,the sedative action, and the activity of GABA transaminase, the actuvity concentration of GABA,the activity of GAD in GABAergic system comparing data with control group and observation data show the results as follows.1. The anticonvulsion effect on the convulsion induced by strychine it was significantly effective in COTⅣ and the time to death after the occurrence of the convulsion it was significantly effective in COTⅢ and COTⅣ, and the time to death after the occurrence the convulsion induced by the electrical shock of ECT unit it was significantly effective in all sample groups.2. The hypothemic effect was significantly effective in COT Ⅲ after 1 hour and 2 hour and was significantly effective COTⅣafter 1 hour and 4 hour, and the antipyretic effect on the febrile induced by endotoxin it was significantly effective in COTⅢ every 3 hour and was significantly effective in COTⅣ after 3 hour and 4 hour.3. The analgesic effect was significantly effective in COTⅢ and COTⅣ by decreasing the number of writhing syndrome.4. The sedative effect was decreased significantly all in COTⅢ and COTⅣ after 60 min, 90 min and 120 min.5. The activity of GABA transaminase was decreased significantly in COTⅡ and COTⅢ. 6. The activity concrntration of GABA was increased signifivantly in COTⅡ and COTⅢ. 7. The activity of GAD was increased significantly in COTⅡ and COTⅢ. The results show that ChongsimOndamTang can be an effective cure in mice on the anticonvulsion,the antipyretic , the analgesic,the sedative and the control of the GABAergic system in brain, and it can be used of the epilepsy and convulsive diseases clinically.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2004

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the agonistic activity of Chunmajeongal-tang extract to the $GABA_A/benzodiazepine$ receptor complex. Methods : Male mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this experiment. Chunmajeongal-tang Prescription was extracted with 80% methanol, evaporated in vacuo and dried with freeze dryer. The agonistic activity to the GABA/ benzodiazepine receptor complex and GABA transaminase activity were measured in vitro. Results : Chunmajeongal-tang extract inhibited dose-dependently the binding of [3H]Ro15-1788, an antagonist on GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, in rat cerebral cortices, showing $82.4{\pm}4.12%$ inhibition at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg. This extract inhibited dose-dependently the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam, an agonist on GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, in rat cerebral cortices, showing $5.6{\pm}1.24%$ inhibition. Furthermore, Chunmajeongal-tang extract inhibited the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam in the presence of GABA/NaCI with $13.2{\pm}0.44%$ inhibition, its inhibitory effect exhibited a positive GABA shift, which means that this extract activates a GABAergic neurotransmission.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.181-181
• /
• 1994

포유 동물의 중추 신경계에서 주 억제성 신경전달물질로 알려진 4-aminobutyrate(GABA) 대사에 관여하는 효소인 GABA transaminase (GhBA-T)와 Succinic semialdehyde reductase(SSR)를 각각 여러 가지 크로마토그래픽 방법을 사용하여 순수 분리 정제하였다 GABA-T는 subunit 분자량 50kDa을 가진 dimer이며 화학 변형(chemical modification), 흡광, 형광스펙트럼 연구에 의하면 cysteinyl잔기가 활성 부위에 존재하고 있음을 보여주었다 SSR은 2-mercaptoethanol이 존재하든 안하든 o-pthalaldehyde(OPA)에 의하여 효소 활성도가 상실되었으며 흡광 및 형광스펙트럼에 의하면 OPA가 효소의 활성 부위의 lysyl잔기와 반응하여 cysteinyl잔기와 함께 intermolecular cross-linking을 이루는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편 SSR은 몇가지 anticonvulsant drug에 의하여 부분적인 저해 효과를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.269-269
• /
• 1994

GABA shunt에 관여하는 두 가지 효소인, GABA transminase와 Succinic semialdehyde reductase에 대한 단일 클론 항체를 생산하고 이들 항체의 특성을 살펴보았다. 소의 뇌에서 순수 정제된 효소를 동물에 주사한 후 immunodot-blot 분석법에 의하여 일차적으로 항체를 분비하는 hybridoma를 골라낸 후 생산된 단일 클론 항체가 특이적으로 이들 효소와 반응하는 가를 알아보기 위하여 Western blot 분석을 실시하였다. 뇌조직에서 추출한 총단백질을 SDS 전기영동법에 의하여 분리한 후 이들 항체를 처리한 결과, GABA-T에 대한 항체는 특이적으로 분자량이 50kDa에 해당하는 단백질 밴드만을 인지하였고 SSA reductase에 대한 항체의 경우 분자량이 34kDa 크기의 단백질 밴드와 반응하였다. 이들 분자량은 순수 정제된 소뇌의 효소 단백질의 크기에 해당하는 것을 확인하였다. 이들 소뇌의 효소에 대한 항체를 추적물체로 사용하여 다른 포유동물자 조류의 효소와 비교하는 cross-reactivity 연구를 수행하였다. 소, 돼지, 토끼, 쥐 (rat), 개, 고양이 그리고 닭의 뇌를 제거한 후 총단백질을 추출하고 Western blot을 해본 결과 GABA transaminase의 경우 조류를 제외하고 다른 포유동물에서는 같은 분자량의 단일 단백질 밴드를 확인하였고 SSA reductase의 경우 조류를 포함하는 모든 동물에서 같은 분자량의 밴드를 확인하였다 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 포유류 뇌에 있는 이들 효소들은 변역학적으로 아주 유사하다고 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.188-197
• /
• 2004

Objective and Methods : This study was performed to evaluate the anticonvulsant, antioxidant effect of modified formulas Korean traditional medicine Cheongsinhwadam-Jeon(CSHDJ). The extract of CSHDJ was administered (p.o.) to mice for 14 days in anticonvulsant and antioxidant tests. Results : The pretreatment of CSHDJ extract prohibited pentylenetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion. In PTZ-induced convulsion, lowered level of brain ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA) was restored normal state by the pretreatment of CSHDJ. Increased level of brain glutamic acid was lowered to normal state by CSHDJ, and increased activity of brain ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid transaminase(GABA-T) was reduced to normal state by CSHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased level of brain lipid peroxide was lowered to normal state by the pretreatment of CSHDJ. Increased activity of brain xanthine oxidase(XOD) was lowered by CSHDJ, and increased activity of brain aldehyde oxidase lowered to normal state by CSHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase in brain were lowered by the pretreatment of CSHDJ, whereas increased level of glutathione and increased activity of gluthathione peroxidase in brain were not changed significantly. Conclusions : Above results suggest that CSHDJ has anticonvulsant, antioxidant effect. That seems to be strongly related with the levels of GABA, glutamate, lipid peroxide and the activities of GABA-T, XOD, aldehyde oxidase, SOD, catalase in brain tissue. From these results, CSHDJ could be applied to various convulsive disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.71-71
• /
• 1995

The succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase which is one of the key enzyme of GABA shunt in CNS has been purified from bovine brain homogeneously for the first time. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be approximately 110,000 on gel filtration, The subunit molecular mass was determined by SDS-PAGE to be 54,000. These results indicate that the enzyme is a dimeric protein made up to identical subunits. Chemical modification studies of the enzyme suggest that the critical lysyl, connected with catalytic activity of the enzyme, The binding of IAF-SSDH(enzyme tagged with fluoreceine) to GABA transaminase which catalyzes the degradation of GABA was monitored by steady emission anisotropy. The changes of fluorescence anisotropy by interactions between two enzymes suggest that the formation of enzyme cluster must be invoved in the regulation of GABA concentration in brain tissues. The inhibitory effects of some antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs on the enzyme were also examined.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2000

The effect of seventy kinds of medicinal plants on the activities of GABA-metabolizing enzymes as glutamate dehydrogenase I (GDH I), glutamate dehydrogenase II (GDH II), GABA transaminase (GABA-T), succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) and succinic semialdehyde reductase (SSAR) were estimated. The following plants extracts from Acori graminei Rhizoma, Longnae Arillus, Gastrodiae Herba, Lycii Fructus, Ligusticum officinale, Ferula assafoetida, Corydalis Tuber, Eucommiae Cortex, Zizyphi spinosi Semen activated the activity of GDH I to more than 35%, and the following ones from Visci Ramulus, Ligusticum officinale, Myristicae Semen, Ferulae Resina, Scolopendrae Corpus, Corydalis Tuber, Eucommiae Cortex, Zizyphi spinosi Semen did that of GDH II. The plant extracts from Cynanchi Radix, Astragali Semen, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Biotae orientalis Folium, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Polygalae Radix, Cynomorii Herba inhibited that of GABA-T to 35% and over, and the following ones from Hyoscyamus niger, Cynanchi Radix, Acori graminei, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Cannabis Semen, Sedum aizoon, Sedum kamtschaticum, Schisandrae Fructus, Lilii Bulbus, Biotae orientalis Folium, Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, Myristicae Semen, Akebiae Fructus, Cynomorii Herba, Buddleiae Flos, Mucunae Caulis, Zizyphi Fructus, Paeoniae Radix rubra did that of SSADH to 70% and over; the following ones from, Caesalpiniae Lignum, Sedum kamtschaticum, Schisandrae Fructus, Astragali Semen, Angelicae dahuricae Radix, Dioscorea nipponica, Myristicae Semen, Akebiae Fructus, Cynomorii Herba, Scutellariae Radix did that of SSAR.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.273.2-274
• /
• 2003

The present study was designed to evaluate central inhibitory effects of an essential oil from Acori graminei Rhizoma (AGR), the dry rhizomes of Acorus gramineus Solander (Araceae) upon fragrance inhalation (aroma therapy). Preinhalation of an essential oil of AGR markedly delayed the appearance of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion. Furthermore, the inhalation of an essential oil of AGR impressively inhibited the activity of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, a degradating enzyme for GABA as inhalation period is lengthened. (omitted)

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.206-213
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the anticonvulsant, antioxidant effect of modified formulas Korean traditional medicine Gungchihwadam-Jeon(GCHDJ). The extract of GCHDJ was administered (p.o.) to mice for 14 days in anticonvulsant and antioxidant tests. The pretreatment of GCHDJ extract prohibited the pentylenetrazol(PTZ)-induced convulsion in PTZ-induced convulsion, lowered level of brain r-aminobutyric acid(GABA) was restored by the pretreatment of GCHDJ. Increased level of brain glutamic acid was lowered to normal state by GCHDJ, and increased activity of brain r-aminobutyric acid transaminase(GABA-T) was reduced by GCHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased level of brain lipid peroxide was lowered to normal state by the pretreatment of GCHDJ. Increased activity of brain xanthine oxidase(XOD) was lowered to normal state by GCHDJ, and increased activity of brain aldehyde oxidase lowered to normal state by GCHDJ. In PTZ-induced convulsion, increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase in brain were lowered by the pretreatment of GCHDJ, whereas increased level of glutathione and increased activity of gluthathione peroxidase in brain were not changed significantly. Above results suggest that GCHDJ have anticonvulsant. antioxidant effect. That seems to be strongly related with the levels of GABA, glutamate, lipid peroxide and the activities of GABA-T, XOD, aldehyde oxidase, SOD, catalase in brain tissue. From these results, GCHDJ could be applied to various convulsive disorders.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 2007

We describe the gene expression profile of third leaves of rice (cv. Nipponbare) seedlings subjected to salt stress (130 mM NaCl). Transcripts of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, cytosolic and stromal APX, GR and CatB were up-regulated, whereas expression of thylakoid-bound APX and CatA were down-regulated. The levels of the compatible solute proline and of transcripts of its biosynthetic gene, ${\Delta}^1$-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), were strongly increased by salt stress. Interestingly, a potential compatible solute, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was also found to be strongly induced by salt stress along with marked up-regulation of transcripts of GABA-transaminase. A dye-swap rice DNA microarray analysis identified a large number of genes whose expression in third leaves was altered by salt stress. Among 149 genes whose expression was altered at all the times assayed (3, 4 and 6 days) during salt stress, there were 47 annotated novel genes and 76 unknown genes. These results provide new insight into the effect of salt stress on the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes, proline and GABA as well as of genes in several functional categories.