• 제목/요약/키워드: G134A

검색결과 411건 처리시간 0.029초

일부 젊은 성인여자의 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo 및 Cr의 식사섭취, 혈청농도 및 소변배설 (Dietary Intakes, Serum Concentrations, and Urinary Excretions of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr of Korean Young Adult Women)

  • 김경희;임현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제39권8호
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    • pp.762-772
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate dietary intakes, serum concentrations, and urinary excretions of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr) of Korean young adult women. A total of 19 apparently healthy young adult women aged in their twenties or thirties participated voluntarily. One-tenth of all foods they consumed for 3 consecutive days were collected, all urine excreted for the same 3 days was gathered, and fasting venous blood was withdrawn for the trace mineral analyses. Of the food, blood, and urine samples, the contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and that of Fe by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after wet digestion. The intake of Fe, $6.94{\pm}2.18mg$, did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for Korean women aged 20-29 years old. On the contrary, the intakes of Zn ($9.35{\pm}4.95mg$), Cu ($1.18{\pm}0.26mg$), and Mn ($3.69{\pm}0.69mg$) were sufficient for each respective EAR. However, some of the subjects did not take the EAR for Zn. The Se intake, $41.93{\pm}9.28{\mu}g$, however, was almost similar to the EAR for Se. Although there are no references for Mo and Cr, the intakes of these minerals ($134.0{\pm}49.1\;and\;136.5{\pm}147.9{\mu}g$, respectively) seemed to be excessively sufficient. Serum Fe concentration, $88.7{\pm}36.8{\mu}g/dL$, seemed to be a little bit lower than its reference median but within its normal range. Approximately one-fourth of the subjects were in anemic determined by Hb and Hct and below the deficiency serum level of Fe, $60{\mu}g/dL$. In addition, serum Se concentration, $3.73{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/dL$, was also below its reference median and normal range. However, serum concentrations of Zn ($99.6{\pm}30.6{\mu}g/dL$) and Mo ($0.25{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/dL$) were fairly good compared to each reference median. The status of Cu could be determined as good although its serum concentration ($91.6{\pm}14.6{\mu}g/dL$) was slightly below its reference median. Since there are no decisive reference values, it was not easy to evaluate serum concentrations of Mn ($0.93{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($8.60{\pm}7.25{\mu}g/dL$). But Mn and Cr status seemed to be adequate. Urinary Fe excretion, $4.48{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/dL$, was pretty much lower than its reference and that of Se, $2.45{\pm}1.17{\mu}g/dL$, was also lower than its average. On the other hand, those of Zn ($42.95{\pm}20.47{\mu}g/dL$) and Cu ($5.68{\pm}1.50{\mu}g/dL$) were flirty good. In case of Mn, urinary excretion, $0.31{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/dL$, was much greater than its reference. Urinary excretions of Mo ($7.48{\pm}2.95{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($1.37{\pm}0.41{\mu}g/dL$) were very higher compared to each reference. The results of this study revealed that Korean young adult women were considerably poor in Fe status, a bit inadequate in Se status, partly inadequate in Zn status, and flirty good in Cu, Mn, Mo and Cr status. However, there was a problem of excessive intakes of Mo and Cr. It, therefore, should be concerned to increase the intakes of Fe, Se and Zn but to decrease Mo and Cr consumption for young adult women.

여중생의 월경 불편감과 식습관 관련 특성 (Menstrual Discomfort and Dietary Habits in Adolescents)

  • 홍경자;김혜원;안혜영
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.330-339
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: This study was done to identify menstrual discomfort and dietary habits, and factors related to the menstrual discomforts. Method: Participants were 320 female middle school students in G city. The Menstrual Discomfort Questionaire(MDQ) and dietary habit lists were used as tools. Results: Factors related to MDQ were found to be the VAS scores (r=.361, p=.002), a mount of menstrual bleeding (r=.131, p=.019), height (r=.134, p=.016), adequacy of meal time (t=7.19, p=.008), consumption of milk & milk products (F=3.20, p=.042) and, hot, salty & irritant foods (f=8.01, p=.000), eating more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal (F=8.32, p=.000), and various protein foods (F=5.15, p=.006). In stepwise regression, 4 variables (VAS scores, height, hot, salty & irritant foods, more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal) explained $20.3\%$ of the variance in the total MDQ scores. Conclusion: Reduction of hot, salty & irritant foods and having more than 3 side-dishes with each meal would be effective in menstrual discomfort management. As well, good and, balanced dietary habits should be encouraged for early adolescent girls. To keep up with the ideal dietary habits, nutritional education & counseling should be continued. In a further study, a replication study with larger samples and more specified nutritional assessment are recommended.

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Observation of Root-knot Nematodes in the Root Gall Formed on Oriental Melon

  • Kim, Dong-Geun;Kim, Seung-Han;Lee, Joong-Hwan
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.73-76
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    • 2005
  • Oriental melon, Cucumis melo L. cv. Geumssaragieuncheon, grafted on Shintozoa (Cucurbit maxima ${\times}$ Cu. moschata) was planted in a greenhouse infested with Meloidogyne arenaria and root galls were examined five months after planting. A gram of root gall was volumed at ca. 10 cm3 and contained in an average of 363 females (170 developing and 193 matured females), 2,120 secondstage juveniles (J2), and 13,074 eggs. In addition, there was 56 J2 per $cm^3$ soil around the infested plant. An oriental melon had an average of 134.6 g of root gall (70% of total root weight) per 0.72 $m^2$ area. In a conservative estimation, an oriental melon plant could accommodate ca. 1.2 ${\times}$ $10^7$ eggs and J2 per 0.72 $m^2$. The eggs contained in root tissues could be an important inoculum source to the next crop and the fate of these eggs are well worth further investigation.

수정히스테리틱 Bi-Linear 면진베어린 모델을 사용한 지진응답감소 (Reduction of the Seismetic rRspocses by Using the Modified Hysteretic Bi-Linear Model of the Seismic Isolator)

  • 구경회;이재한;김종범;이형연;유봉
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 1996
  • In general, seismic isolators which are made of laminated rubber and shim plate have characteristics of complex hysteretic behavior. When shear deformation of the seismic isolator is small, the isolator hassimple hysteretic almost bi-linear behabior. But on large shear deformation hardening effects may occur. This paper proposes a moldeling method of the seimic isolator with modified hysteretic bi-linear model which can consider the hardening effects. From the results of the seismic analyses of the isolated system it is shown that the responses are singificantly reduced compared with those of the non-isolated system. The modified hysteretic bi-linear model of the isolator gives larger ZPA(zero period acceleration) than those of the simple hysteretic bi-linear model and the equivalunt spring-damper model.

Proinflammatory Effects of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Macrophage Cells

  • Hong Suhee;Jeong Hyun Do
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.130-134
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    • 2003
  • Proinflammatory effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been assessed by analysing the induction of two inflammatory genes, $interleukin-1\beta$ $(IL-1\beta)$ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophage cells. Production of a metabolite of arachidonic acid by COX-2, prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$, was also analysed in macrophage cells after LPS stimulation. Northern blot analysis revealed that LPS $(5{\mu}g/mL)$ significantly upregulated $IL-1\beta$ (54 times) and COX-2 (40.7 times) gene expression in macrophage cells after 4 h stimulation. According to RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis, $IL-1\beta$ gene induction in LPS stimulated macrophage cells was started within 1h and significantly increased thereafter until 4h. Meanwhile, COX-2 gene induction by LPS was delayed in comparison with $IL-1\beta$ gene induction as a faint band was observed after 4h stimulation in head kidney macrophage cells. LPS also significantly increased $PGE_2$ production in head kidney leucocytes, presumably via activating COX-2 expression that metabolites arachidonic acid to $PGE_2$. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that LPS could induce two main inflammatory and immune related genes, $IL-1\beta$ and COX-2, and increase $PGE_2$ production in trout head kidney macrophage cells, representing a strong inflammatory activity.

유두컵 라이너의 물리화학적 특성 조사 (A Study on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Teat Cup Liners)

  • 이정치;박형련;김명선;이정길;이채용
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to investigate the physical and chemical properties of teat cup liners. The hardness of the liners was $50\~67$, and their fatigue to failure 38-1,185 cycles. The elongation and tensile strength of these liners were about $134 kgf/cm^2\;and\;473\%$, respectively. The infrared spectrum and the gas chromatogram revealed that the liner A was consisted of NR, SBR, and BR, with a composition ratio of 60:20:20 (part per hundred rubber). The raw rubber materials used for liners B to G, on the other hand, were NBR only. However, the liner H was made of silicon rubber. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the liners tested in this study contained raw rubber material, carbon black, organic compounds and metallic compounds.

Ambient Vibration measurements and finite element modelling for the Hong Kong Ting Kau Bridge

  • Au, F.T.K.;Tham, L.G.;Lee, P.K.K.;Su, C.;Han, D.J.;Yan, Q.S.;Wong, K.Y.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.115-134
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    • 2003
  • The Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge comprising two main spans and two side spans. The bridge deck is supported by three towers, an end pier and an abutment. Each of the three towers consists of a single reinforced concrete mast which reduces its section in steps, and it is strengthened by transverse cables and struts in the transverse vertical plane. The bridge deck is supported by four inclined planes of cables emanating from anchorages at the tower tops. In view of the threat from typhoons, the dynamic behaviour of long-span cable-supported bridges in the region is always an important consideration in their design. This paper is devoted to the ambient vibration measurements of the bridge for evaluation of dynamic characteristics including the natural frequencies and mode shapes. It also describes the modelling of the bridge. A few finite element models are developed and calibrated to match with the field data and the results of subsequent structural health monitoring of the bridge.

The Crystal Structure of Acemetacin Monohrdrate $(C_{21}H_{18}NO_6Cl-H_2O)$, A Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Agent

  • Kim, Yang-Bae;Kim, Jeong-Ae;Park, Yeong-Il
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.134-139
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    • 1993
  • The molecular structure of acemetacin, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid carboxymethyl ester, was determined by single cystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound was recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and water in triclinic, space group P1, with a=7.796(1), b=10.245(2), c=13.542(3)$\AA,\;\alpha=97.35(1),\;\beta=96.34(1),\;\gamma=107.06(1)^\circ$, and Z=2. The calculated density is 1.422; the observed value is $1.42\;g/cm^3$. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by full matrix least-squares procedure to the final R value of 0,037 for 2960 independent reflections. There are water molecules, which are thought to be co-crystallized during the evaporation procedure, with the ratio of one water per compound molecule in the crystal. The conformation of the compound is found to be very similar to that of indomethacin. The molecules are stabilized by three O-H.....O type intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the oxygen of water molecule and those of the compound.

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연모교발효사요의 제조 및 사양에 관한 연구 (Development of Yeast-Fermented Animal Feed)

  • 박명삼
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 1975
  • 야생효모균을 이용한 기효사요의 제조 및 사양시험에서 균체와 각종효소를 이용할 목적으로 자연계로부터 효모구 96균주를 분이한 것 중에서 5균주를 선정하여 액체배양한 것을 탈지강, 대맥양소맥면 및 톱밥 등을 혼합한(A, B, C, D및 E)것을 발효사요를 만들어 사양한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 발효사요 제조에 이용한 난주는 5주로 Strain No. 225 Hansenula anomala var. anomala, No. 400 Candide pelliculosa, No. 416-C Debaryomyces hansenii 및 No. 403-A Irpex lacteus등이다. 2. 선정균주의 액체배양조건은 Strain No. 225, 400, 405, 416-C 및403-A의 생육최적 pH 5.0~5.5이고 최적당도는 Bllg. $10^{\circ}$였다. 또한 A) Strain No. 225, 400, 및 403-A와 C) Strain No. 225, 405 및 403-A생육온도는 35$^{\circ}C$, 3) Strain No. 225, 400, 416-C의 최적온도는 3$0^{\circ}C$였다. Strain No. 225, 400, 405, 416-C는 최고 35$^{\circ}C$ 이상과 No. 403-A는 최고 4$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서도 생육이 되었다. 3. Strain No. 225와 403-A는 골세포가 크며, Strain No. 225와 405는 당의 발효능이 강하고 Strain No. 225, 400, 405 및 416-C 는 Cellobiose를 Strain No. 225, 400 및 416-C등은 xylose와 soluble starch등을 동화하였다. 그러나 Strain No. 416-C만은 Inulin Strain No. 223, 400. 405 및 402-A등은 질산염 (KNO$_2$, KNO$_3$등)을 동화하는 균예이다. 4. Strain No. 403-A는 효모수사균으로cellulase를 분필하는 균수로 식물성장기유이기 때문에 다른 효모균의 증식을 도와 원요중에 효소를 생성하였다. 5. 발언사요 제조에 이용한 혼합거의 배합비는 A) 배합사료, B)탈지당 및 대맥당(1:1), C) 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1) D) 탈지당, 소맥당 및 대맥당(1:1:1), 그리고 E) 탈지당, 소맥당 및 톱밥(1:1:1)등을 사용하였다. 6. 효모균 발효사료는 혼합강류(A,B,C,D및 E등)의 원료배합으로 양호하였으며 황산암모니움을 0.3% 첨가하여 수분양은 60~70% 배양온도는 25~3$0^{\circ}C$에서 유지시켰다. 혼합강류에 균주의 접종은 각각 전배양한 A) Strain No. 225, 400, 403-A, B) Strain No. 225, 400, 416-C, C) Strain No. 400, 405, 403-A 그리고 D)와 E)의 균주들은 A), C)와 같다. 전배양액에 4% glucose 용액을 3배양첨가 희석 부하고 원료중량 5%(w/w)되게 접종하여 공처기간은 2~3일간이 최적조건이었다. 7. 혼합강류로 만든 발효사료 중 단백질 증가율은 A) 배합사료는 4.46%, B) 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1)을 2.81% C) 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1)는 6.12% D) 탈지당, 소맥당 및 대맥당(1:1:1)은 2.51% 그러고 E) 탈지당, 소맥당 톱밥(1:1:1)은 2.55%였다. 8. 발효사료로서 배양시험은 담염동물로서 육계전용종(Starcros; male) 180수와 말발효사가는 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1)로 혼합한 사로와 야생효모균주(C)로 발효시킨 사요간의 가치를 비교하여 첨가수준(20%, 15% 및 10%)에 의한 효과를 구명하기 위하여 8주간 실시하였다. 9. 미발효구 A-a구에서 개시할 때 체중 35.67g였든 것이 8주시 종료시는 622.7g로 총증체양 587.03g로 일당 10.47g인데 반하여 발효구인 B-a구에서는 총증용양 845.13g로 일당증체양 15.08g였다. 10. 시험기간 중 섭취량에 있어서도 발효구 미발효구에 비하여 양호하였고 출가수출간에도 차이가 있었는데 10%구 2.552g>15%구 2.559g>20%구 2.223g 순위였다. 미발효 20% 첨가구인 A-a구가 지구에 비하여 증체풍과 사요섭취량이 떨어진 것은 의 배합에 기인하는 것으로 생각되며 같은 수준의 발효사료를 배합한 B-a구가 타구에 비해서 생육성적이 좋은 것은 발효로 인한 기호성의 향상에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 11. 폐사율은 A-a구에서 4주이상 2전가 폐사하였고 타구에서는 전혀 없었다 이상과 같은 결과로 보아 본 연구에서 야생효모근 3균주를 혼합광유에 정종배양하여 제조한 발효사료는 균예성분의 이용으로 균용도 생물과 같이 각종 영양소로 될 것이다. 효모가 생성하는 체소이외의 생성물의 이용 등을 들수있어 소화작용에 대한 보조적인 역할이 될 것이며 다량으로 배양하면 값이 싸고, 영양가치가 높은 발효사료의 체조 및 사양이 가능하다고 본다.

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서해 송도 갯벌에서의 동죽(Mactra veneriformis: Bivalvia)의 성장과 생산 (Growth and Production of Mactra veneriformis (Bivalvia) on the Songdo Tidal Flat, West Coast of Korea)

  • 신현출;고철환
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.403-412
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    • 1995
  • 본 연구에서는 한국 서해 인천 연안의 송도 갯벌 조간대에 서식하는 동죽(Mactra veneriformis)의 성장과 생산을 조사하였다. 표품은 1989년 3월부터 1990년 9월까지 월별로 채집하였다. 각장은 1989년 3월부터 8월까지 단일 규모 모드를 보였보였다. 1989년 9월부터는 1990년 9월부터는 작은 개체들이 출현하기 시작하여 이중모드를 보 였다. 서식밀도는 다소 불규칙적으로 변동하였으나, 대체로 시간이 경과함에 따라 감 소하는 경향을 보였다. 1989 연도군의 서식밀도는 1990년 2월 이후 급격히 증가하였 다. 각장은 봄에 성장이 빠르고, 산란기 이후 여름과 가을에 둔화되며, 겨울에 성장을 멈추었다. 성장률은 연령이 증가될수록 감소하였다. 중량은 산란기 직전에 늦봄에 최 대값을 보이고, 가을에 2차 최대값을 나타내었다. 윤장과 이로부터 역계산한 육질부 건중량으로 연성장을 분석하였다. 각장은 vov bertalanffy 성장 모델에, 건중량은 Gompertz 성장모델에 잘 적합되었다. 1985년군의 L∽가 가장 높고, 1986년 군이 가장 낮았다. 중량의 성장률은 2∼3세에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 1984년군과 1985년군의 W ∽와 성장률이 높았고, 1986년군과 1987년군이 낮았다. 최대성장률이 나타나는 연령은 1986년군과 1987년군이 더 빨랐다. 각장과 중륭의 상대 성장률은 연령에 따라 지수함 수적으로 감소하였다. 육질부 건중량의 생물량은 모든 연령군에서 봄에 높았다가 산란 기 이후 감소하여 겨울에 최저치를 보였다. 생물량은 1990년 8월에 134.6g·m/SUP -2/ 으로 가장 높았다. 1989년도군이 가입한 이후에는 1989년군의 생물량이 총 생물량의 변동을 지배하였다. 1989년 3월부터 1990년 3월까지의 연소연량은 67.9g·m/SUP -2/· y/SUP -1/이었다. 조사기간동안 1989년도군의 누적 생산량이 가장 높았고, 1984년군이 가장 적었다. 생산량은 봄과 가을에 증가하였고, 여름과 겨울에 0의 값을 보였다.

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