• Title/Summary/Keyword: G134A

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Dietary Intakes, Serum Concentrations, and Urinary Excretions of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr of Korean Young Adult Women (일부 젊은 성인여자의 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo 및 Cr의 식사섭취, 혈청농도 및 소변배설)

  • Kim, Kyune-Hee;Lim, Hyeon-Sook
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.39 no.8
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    • pp.762-772
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate dietary intakes, serum concentrations, and urinary excretions of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr) of Korean young adult women. A total of 19 apparently healthy young adult women aged in their twenties or thirties participated voluntarily. One-tenth of all foods they consumed for 3 consecutive days were collected, all urine excreted for the same 3 days was gathered, and fasting venous blood was withdrawn for the trace mineral analyses. Of the food, blood, and urine samples, the contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and that of Fe by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after wet digestion. The intake of Fe, $6.94{\pm}2.18mg$, did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for Korean women aged 20-29 years old. On the contrary, the intakes of Zn ($9.35{\pm}4.95mg$), Cu ($1.18{\pm}0.26mg$), and Mn ($3.69{\pm}0.69mg$) were sufficient for each respective EAR. However, some of the subjects did not take the EAR for Zn. The Se intake, $41.93{\pm}9.28{\mu}g$, however, was almost similar to the EAR for Se. Although there are no references for Mo and Cr, the intakes of these minerals ($134.0{\pm}49.1\;and\;136.5{\pm}147.9{\mu}g$, respectively) seemed to be excessively sufficient. Serum Fe concentration, $88.7{\pm}36.8{\mu}g/dL$, seemed to be a little bit lower than its reference median but within its normal range. Approximately one-fourth of the subjects were in anemic determined by Hb and Hct and below the deficiency serum level of Fe, $60{\mu}g/dL$. In addition, serum Se concentration, $3.73{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/dL$, was also below its reference median and normal range. However, serum concentrations of Zn ($99.6{\pm}30.6{\mu}g/dL$) and Mo ($0.25{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/dL$) were fairly good compared to each reference median. The status of Cu could be determined as good although its serum concentration ($91.6{\pm}14.6{\mu}g/dL$) was slightly below its reference median. Since there are no decisive reference values, it was not easy to evaluate serum concentrations of Mn ($0.93{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($8.60{\pm}7.25{\mu}g/dL$). But Mn and Cr status seemed to be adequate. Urinary Fe excretion, $4.48{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/dL$, was pretty much lower than its reference and that of Se, $2.45{\pm}1.17{\mu}g/dL$, was also lower than its average. On the other hand, those of Zn ($42.95{\pm}20.47{\mu}g/dL$) and Cu ($5.68{\pm}1.50{\mu}g/dL$) were flirty good. In case of Mn, urinary excretion, $0.31{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/dL$, was much greater than its reference. Urinary excretions of Mo ($7.48{\pm}2.95{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($1.37{\pm}0.41{\mu}g/dL$) were very higher compared to each reference. The results of this study revealed that Korean young adult women were considerably poor in Fe status, a bit inadequate in Se status, partly inadequate in Zn status, and flirty good in Cu, Mn, Mo and Cr status. However, there was a problem of excessive intakes of Mo and Cr. It, therefore, should be concerned to increase the intakes of Fe, Se and Zn but to decrease Mo and Cr consumption for young adult women.

Menstrual Discomfort and Dietary Habits in Adolescents (여중생의 월경 불편감과 식습관 관련 특성)

  • Hong Kyung-ja;Kim Hae-won;Ahn Hye-young
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.330-339
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: This study was done to identify menstrual discomfort and dietary habits, and factors related to the menstrual discomforts. Method: Participants were 320 female middle school students in G city. The Menstrual Discomfort Questionaire(MDQ) and dietary habit lists were used as tools. Results: Factors related to MDQ were found to be the VAS scores (r=.361, p=.002), a mount of menstrual bleeding (r=.131, p=.019), height (r=.134, p=.016), adequacy of meal time (t=7.19, p=.008), consumption of milk & milk products (F=3.20, p=.042) and, hot, salty & irritant foods (f=8.01, p=.000), eating more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal (F=8.32, p=.000), and various protein foods (F=5.15, p=.006). In stepwise regression, 4 variables (VAS scores, height, hot, salty & irritant foods, more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal) explained $20.3\%$ of the variance in the total MDQ scores. Conclusion: Reduction of hot, salty & irritant foods and having more than 3 side-dishes with each meal would be effective in menstrual discomfort management. As well, good and, balanced dietary habits should be encouraged for early adolescent girls. To keep up with the ideal dietary habits, nutritional education & counseling should be continued. In a further study, a replication study with larger samples and more specified nutritional assessment are recommended.

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Observation of Root-knot Nematodes in the Root Gall Formed on Oriental Melon

  • Kim, Dong-Geun;Kim, Seung-Han;Lee, Joong-Hwan
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.73-76
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    • 2005
  • Oriental melon, Cucumis melo L. cv. Geumssaragieuncheon, grafted on Shintozoa (Cucurbit maxima ${\times}$ Cu. moschata) was planted in a greenhouse infested with Meloidogyne arenaria and root galls were examined five months after planting. A gram of root gall was volumed at ca. 10 cm3 and contained in an average of 363 females (170 developing and 193 matured females), 2,120 secondstage juveniles (J2), and 13,074 eggs. In addition, there was 56 J2 per $cm^3$ soil around the infested plant. An oriental melon had an average of 134.6 g of root gall (70% of total root weight) per 0.72 $m^2$ area. In a conservative estimation, an oriental melon plant could accommodate ca. 1.2 ${\times}$ $10^7$ eggs and J2 per 0.72 $m^2$. The eggs contained in root tissues could be an important inoculum source to the next crop and the fate of these eggs are well worth further investigation.

Reduction of the Seismetic rRspocses by Using the Modified Hysteretic Bi-Linear Model of the Seismic Isolator (수정히스테리틱 Bi-Linear 면진베어린 모델을 사용한 지진응답감소)

  • Koo, G.H.;Lee, J.H.;Kim, J.B.;Lee, H.Y.;Yoo, B.
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 1996
  • In general, seismic isolators which are made of laminated rubber and shim plate have characteristics of complex hysteretic behavior. When shear deformation of the seismic isolator is small, the isolator hassimple hysteretic almost bi-linear behabior. But on large shear deformation hardening effects may occur. This paper proposes a moldeling method of the seimic isolator with modified hysteretic bi-linear model which can consider the hardening effects. From the results of the seismic analyses of the isolated system it is shown that the responses are singificantly reduced compared with those of the non-isolated system. The modified hysteretic bi-linear model of the isolator gives larger ZPA(zero period acceleration) than those of the simple hysteretic bi-linear model and the equivalunt spring-damper model.

Proinflammatory Effects of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Macrophage Cells

  • Hong Suhee;Jeong Hyun Do
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.130-134
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    • 2003
  • Proinflammatory effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been assessed by analysing the induction of two inflammatory genes, $interleukin-1\beta$ $(IL-1\beta)$ and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophage cells. Production of a metabolite of arachidonic acid by COX-2, prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$, was also analysed in macrophage cells after LPS stimulation. Northern blot analysis revealed that LPS $(5{\mu}g/mL)$ significantly upregulated $IL-1\beta$ (54 times) and COX-2 (40.7 times) gene expression in macrophage cells after 4 h stimulation. According to RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis, $IL-1\beta$ gene induction in LPS stimulated macrophage cells was started within 1h and significantly increased thereafter until 4h. Meanwhile, COX-2 gene induction by LPS was delayed in comparison with $IL-1\beta$ gene induction as a faint band was observed after 4h stimulation in head kidney macrophage cells. LPS also significantly increased $PGE_2$ production in head kidney leucocytes, presumably via activating COX-2 expression that metabolites arachidonic acid to $PGE_2$. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that LPS could induce two main inflammatory and immune related genes, $IL-1\beta$ and COX-2, and increase $PGE_2$ production in trout head kidney macrophage cells, representing a strong inflammatory activity.

A Study on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Teat Cup Liners (유두컵 라이너의 물리화학적 특성 조사)

  • Lee Jeong-chi;Park Hyoung-ryun;Kim Myeong-seon;Lee Chung-gil;Lee Chai-yong
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to investigate the physical and chemical properties of teat cup liners. The hardness of the liners was $50\~67$, and their fatigue to failure 38-1,185 cycles. The elongation and tensile strength of these liners were about $134 kgf/cm^2\;and\;473\%$, respectively. The infrared spectrum and the gas chromatogram revealed that the liner A was consisted of NR, SBR, and BR, with a composition ratio of 60:20:20 (part per hundred rubber). The raw rubber materials used for liners B to G, on the other hand, were NBR only. However, the liner H was made of silicon rubber. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the liners tested in this study contained raw rubber material, carbon black, organic compounds and metallic compounds.

Ambient Vibration measurements and finite element modelling for the Hong Kong Ting Kau Bridge

  • Au, F.T.K.;Tham, L.G.;Lee, P.K.K.;Su, C.;Han, D.J.;Yan, Q.S.;Wong, K.Y.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.115-134
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    • 2003
  • The Ting Kau Bridge in Hong Kong is a cable-stayed bridge comprising two main spans and two side spans. The bridge deck is supported by three towers, an end pier and an abutment. Each of the three towers consists of a single reinforced concrete mast which reduces its section in steps, and it is strengthened by transverse cables and struts in the transverse vertical plane. The bridge deck is supported by four inclined planes of cables emanating from anchorages at the tower tops. In view of the threat from typhoons, the dynamic behaviour of long-span cable-supported bridges in the region is always an important consideration in their design. This paper is devoted to the ambient vibration measurements of the bridge for evaluation of dynamic characteristics including the natural frequencies and mode shapes. It also describes the modelling of the bridge. A few finite element models are developed and calibrated to match with the field data and the results of subsequent structural health monitoring of the bridge.

The Crystal Structure of Acemetacin Monohrdrate $(C_{21}H_{18}NO_6Cl-H_2O)$, A Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Agent

  • Kim, Yang-Bae;Kim, Jeong-Ae;Park, Yeong-Il
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.134-139
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    • 1993
  • The molecular structure of acemetacin, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid carboxymethyl ester, was determined by single cystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound was recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and water in triclinic, space group P1, with a=7.796(1), b=10.245(2), c=13.542(3)$\AA,\;\alpha=97.35(1),\;\beta=96.34(1),\;\gamma=107.06(1)^\circ$, and Z=2. The calculated density is 1.422; the observed value is $1.42\;g/cm^3$. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by full matrix least-squares procedure to the final R value of 0,037 for 2960 independent reflections. There are water molecules, which are thought to be co-crystallized during the evaporation procedure, with the ratio of one water per compound molecule in the crystal. The conformation of the compound is found to be very similar to that of indomethacin. The molecules are stabilized by three O-H.....O type intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the oxygen of water molecule and those of the compound.

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Development of Yeast-Fermented Animal Feed (연모교발효사요의 제조 및 사양에 관한 연구)

  • 박명삼
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.123-134
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    • 1975
  • Out of 96 yeast strains isolated from various natural habitats, five strains were screened based on their ability to ferment agricultural biproducts such as rice-, barley-and wheat-bran, and sawdust. These were identified as Hansenula anomala var anomala, Candide utilis, C. pelliculosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Irpex lacteus. Using these yeasts the above mentioned agricultural biproducts were fermented in various combinations. The fermented product was fed to 180 male Starcroses for eight weeks and obtained a body weight increase of 15.1g a day, while the unfermented control feed increased 10.5g a day.

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Growth and Production of Mactra veneriformis (Bivalvia) on the Songdo Tidal Flat, West Coast of Korea (서해 송도 갯벌에서의 동죽(Mactra veneriformis: Bivalvia)의 성장과 생산)

  • 신현출;고철환
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.403-412
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    • 1995
  • The present study was performed to determine th growth and production of Mactra veneriformis on the Songdo tidal flat off Inchon. west coast of Korea. Monthly samples were collected from Marc 1989 to September 1990. The size distributions of shell length showed unimodal patterns from March to August 1989. The binodal pattern after September 1989 indicated a recruitment of young clams during this period. The density fluctuated irregularly, but showed a decreasing pattern over time on the whole. The density of the year class 1989 increased markedly after February 1990. The growth in shell length showed three phases during a year, a fast growth phase in spring, a slow growth phase in summer and autumn, and a lag phase in winter. The annual increment in shell length reduced with age. The flesh dry weight showed a peak in late spring just before the spawning period, and another peak in autumn. The length of annuli and the back-calculated flesh dry weight were used to describe the annual growth. The growth in shell length fitted to the von Bertalanffy model and the flesh dry weight to the Gompertz model. The absolute growth rate of the shell length reduced gradually with age. The year class 1985 had the highest L, and the yeat class 1986 the lowest L. The annual growth in weight showed a typical sigmoid curve. The growth rate was maximum at the age of 2 to 3. Year classes of 1984 and 1985 had higher values of W and higher absolute growth rates than those of 1986 and 1987. Maximum absolute growth rates of 1986 and 1987 year classes were recorded at younger ages than 1984 and 1985 year classes. The annual relative growth rates of length and weight decreased exponentially with age. Biomass in flesh dry weight increased till spring and thereafter decreased progressively. Maximum biomass was 134.6g m/SUP -2/ in August 1990. The biomass of 1989 yeat class occupied highest proportion in total biomass. Annual production in flesh dry weight from March 1989 to March 1990 was 67.9 g m/SUP -2/ year/SUP -1/. Cumulative production of 1989 year class was highest among all year classes, and that of year class 1984 was lowest. The production is high in spring and autumn, and very low in summer and winter.

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