• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제34D권7호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1997

Bump bonded piezoesistive silicon accelerometer was fabricated by the porous silicon micromachining and th eprocess technique of integrated circuit. The output voltage of the accelerometer fabricated on (111)-oreiented Si substrates with n/n$^{+}$n triple layers showed good linear characteristic of less than 1%. The measured sensitivity and the resonant frequency was about 743 .mu.V/g and 2.04 kHz, respectively. And the transverse sensitivity of 5.2% was measured from the accelerometer. Also, to investigate an influence on the output characteristics of the sensor due to bump bonding, the values of the piezoresistors were measured through thermal-cycling test in the temperature variation form -50 to 120.deg. C. Then, there was 0.014% resistance changes about 3.61 k.ohm., so sthe output charcteristics of the sensor was less affected by bump bonding.g.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.537-539
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• 2015

considerate operation is a major issue in the equipment-intensive operation. Identifying an optimal equipment combination is important to achieve low-energy operations. An Earthwork operation planning system, which measures the energy consumption of construction operations by taking into account construction equipments' engineering attributes (e.g., weight, capacity, energy consumption rate, etc.) and operation conditions (e.g., road condition, attributes of materials to be moved, geometric information, etc.), is essential to achieve the low-energy consumption. This study develops an automated computerized system which identifies an optimal earthmoving equipment fleet minimizing the energy consumption. The system imports a standard template of earthmoving operation model and compares numerous scenarios using alternative equipment allocation plans. It finds the fleet that minimizes the energy consumption by enumerating all cases using sensitivity analysis. A case study is presented to verify the validity of the system.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2010

고추 주요 재배지에서 2005년부터 2008년까지 4년에 걸쳐 채집한 180개의 고추 역병균 Phytophthora capsici을 대상으로 carboxylic acid arnide(CAA)계열의 benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, dimethomorph에 대한 감수성/저항성 반응을 검정하였다. 실험에 사용한 3가지 살균제에 대한 $EC_{50}$값(병원균의 균사생장을 50% 억제하는 농도)은 benthiavalicarb가 0.033(0.015-0.049) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, iprovalicarb가 0.411(0.197-0.556) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, dimethomorph가 0.271(0.101-0.798) ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$로 나타났다. Benthiavalicarb와 iprovalicarb는 포장에서 살균제를 사용하기 시작한 2007년부터의 $EC_{50}$값과 사용하기 전의 $EC_{50}$값 간에 차이가 없었으며, 병원균의 $EC_{50}$값에 의한 분포에서도 저항성균의 발현은 찾아볼 수 없었다. Dimethomorph 역시 포장에서 저항성균이 발현하지는 않았지만, 연도별도 병원균의 $EC_{50}$값이 서서히 상승하고 있는 경향을 보여 주었다. 다른 작용기작을 갖는 metalaxyl과의 교차저항성 관계를 구명하기 위하여 $R^2$값을 조사하였는데, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, imethomorph 각각과 metalaxyl과의 $R^2$값은 0.001, 0.009, 0.069로 매우 낮아 전혀 상관관계가 성립하지 않았다. 같은 계열에 속하는 mandipropamid와 실험에 사용한 세 종류의 살균제 각각의 상관관계를 조사한 결과, 유사한 화학구조를 지니는 benthiavalicarb와 iprovalicarb, 그리고 dimethomorph와 mandipropamid간의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 하지만 동일한 CAA계열의 다른 살균제와는 상관관계가 인정되지 않았다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2013

주요 마늘 재배지인 서산, 태안, 고흥에서 2008년과 2009년에 채집한 병든 마늘로부터 단균핵 분리를 통하여 총 147개의 흑색썩음균핵병균 Sclerotium cepivorum 균주를 분리하여 살균제에 대한 감수성 정도를 조사하였다. 실험에는 현재 방제를 위하여 사용하고 있는 prochloraz, tebuconazole, flutolanil, iminoctadine, isoprothiolane 등 5종의 살균제를 선발하여 한천희석법으로 살균제에 대한 병원균의 감수성 정도를 조사하였다. Prochloraz, tebuconazole, flutolanil, iminoctadine, isoprothiolane에 대한 병원균의 평균 $EC_{50}$값을 연도별로 비교하여 보면, 2008년에는 각각 0.054, 0.012, 23.189, 0.901, $21.362{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$이었으며, 2009년에는 0.030, 0.020, 10.367, 1.684, $33.406{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$이었다. Flutolanil에 대한 평균 $EC_{50}$값은 2008년에 확보한 균주에 비하여 2009년에 확보한 균주 집단에서 현저히 감소하였다. 반면 iminoctadine과 isoprothiolane에 대해서는 2008년 균주 집단의 $EC_{50}$값보다 2009년 균주 집단의 $EC_{50}$값이 더 증가하였다. 병원균 분리 지역 간의 $EC_{50}$값을 비교하여 보면 고흥 지역에서 분리한 병원균 집단의 flutolanil과 isoprothiolane에 대한 $EC_{50}$값이 14.468과 $24.653{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$로 서산과 태안에서 분리한 병원균 집단보다 낮았으며, prochloraz에 대해서는 태안 지역에서 분리한 균주의 집단이 $0.008{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$로 가장 낮았다. 현재 마늘 흑색썩음균핵병방제를 위하여 사용하고 있는 5종의 살균제에 대해서 국내에서 분리한 S. cepivorum 균주 집단에는 저항성을 보이는 균주는 찾아 볼 수 없었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2021

본 연구는 고지방식이 마우스에서 체중 감소, 혈당 감소 및 인슐린 저항성 개선 효과를 가지는 LNS1 균주의 간 내 글리코겐 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 고지방식이에 의한 비정상적인 글리코겐 대사 개선을 위한 활용 가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. LNS1을 12주간 경구 투여한 고지방식이 마우스의 간에서 포도당 운반체 단백질인 GLUT2와 글리코겐 합성의 주요 효소인 GCK, GYS2의 유전자 발현 변화를 확인한 결과, LNS1의 경구 투여는 고지방식이 마우스에 비해 GLUT2와 GYS2의 유전자 발현을 각각 약 2배, 1.8배 증가시켰으며, GCK의 발현에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, GCK의 regulatory unit으로 작용하여 GCK의 활성을 억제하는 GCKR와 글리코겐 분해 과정의 주요 효소인 G6PC의 발현은 LNS1 투여에 의해 HFD마우스에 비해 각각 약 53%, 32% 감소함을 보였다. 간 조직에서의 결과와 마찬가지로 HepG2 세포에 LNS1-CM의 처리는 GLUT2와 GYS2의 유전자 발현을 약 1.9배, 2배 증가시켰으며, GCK의 발현 변화에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. GCKR과 G6PC의 유전자 발현 또한 LNS1-CM 처리에 의해 각각 77%, 47% 감소함을 보였다. 또한, 간 조직 내 글리코겐 함량은 고지방식이와 LNS1 투여를 병행한 마우스에서 고지방식이 마우스에 비해 약 1.5배 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 위의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, LNS1은 GLUT2, GYS2, GCKR와 G6PC의 발현 조절을 통해 간 조직내 글리코겐 함량을 증가시켜 고지방식이에 의한 글리코겐 대사 이상을 개선시키는 효과를 가지는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권1_2호
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• pp.311-325
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• 2013

The effects of the moments of the interarrival time and service time on the system performance measures such as blocking probability, mean and standard deviation of the number of customers in service facility and orbit are numerically investigated. The results reveal the performance measures are more sensitive with respect to the interarrival time than the service time. Approximation for $GI/G/c$ retrial queues using $PH/PH/c$ retrial queue is presented.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2005년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.414-415
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• 2005

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

Biotic ligand model (BLM) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) were used to determine the site-specific Cu threshold concentration (5% hazardous concentration; HC5) in soil pore water. Model parameters for Cu-BLM were collected for six plants, one collembola, and two earthworms from published literatures. Half maximal effective concentration ($EC_{50}\{Cu^{2+}\}$), expressed as $Cu^{2+}$ activity, was calculated based on activities of major cations and the collected Cu-BLM parameters. The $EC_{50}\{Cu^{2+}\}$ varied from 2 nM to $251{\mu}M$ according to the variation in environmental factors of soil pore water (pH, major cation/anion concentrations) and the type of species. Hazardous activity for 5% (HA5) and HC5 calculated from SSD varied from 0.076 to $0.4{\mu}g/L$ and 0.4 to $83.4{\mu}g/L$, respectively. HA5 and HC5 significantly decreased with the increase in pH in the region with pH less than 7 due to the decrease in competition with $H^+$ and $Cu^{2+}$. In the region with pH more than 7, HC5 increased with the increase in pH due to the formation of complexes of Cu with inorganic ligands. In the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Cu and DOC form a complex, which decreases $Cu^{2+}$ activity in soil pore water, resulting in up to 292-fold increase in HC5 from 0.48 to $140{\mu}g/L$.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1974

A comparative study was performed with 176 cultures of Salmonella organisms on tetracyline, neomycin and colistin in order to find out the relationship between the results obtained from the Ericsson's single disk method and the tube dilution method of antibiotic sensitivity tests which may be carried out in many hospital laboratories. With tetracycline, thirty-three out of 163 cultures of Salmonella typhi were found to be either sensitive or moderate sensitive by means of the disk method and thirty one(ca 94%) out of the thirty three cultures showed less than 1.0 ${\mu}g$ of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentretions(MIC) in the tube-dilution tests, which mean that there were a quite good agreement between the two methods. With neomycin, a hundred and five out of 163 S.typhi were appeared to be either sensitive or moderate sensitive by means of Ericsson's single disk method, among which 103 cultures showed less than 10.0 ${\mu}g$ MIC in the tubedilution method. And also there was a quite correlative pat. terns observed in the result of testing with 13 salmonella cultures other than S. typhi. With colistin, it was hard to observe any particular tendency in the distribution of plotting for 148 cultures showing less the 18 mm in the inhibiting zone diameters between MIC and disk sensitivity patterns except the fifteen, cultures out of 176 salmonella, which appeared to be sensitive in the single disk method and showed less than 1.0 ${\mu}g$ MIC in the tube dilution method.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.507-520
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• 2020

In order to achieve effective corrosion monitoring of buried metal pipelines, a Novel nondestructive Testing (NDT) methodology using ultra-long (250 mm) Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) sensors coated with the Fe-C alloy film is proposed in this study. The theoretical principle is investigated to clarify the monitoring mechanism of this method, and the detailed fabrication process of this novel POF sensor is presented. To validate the feasibility of this novel POF sensor, exploratory research of the proposed method was performed using simulated corrosion tests. For simplicity, the geometric shape of the buried pipeline was simulated as a round hot-rolled plain steel bar. A thin nickel layer was applied as the inner plated layer, and the Fe-C alloy film was coated using an electroless plating technique to precisely control the thickness of the alloy film. In the end, systematic sensitivity analysis on corrosion severity was further performed with experimental studies on three sensors fabricated with different metal layer thicknesses of 25 ㎛, 30 ㎛ and 35 ㎛. The experimental observation demonstrated that the sensor coated with 25 ㎛ Fe-C alloy film presented the highest effectiveness with the corrosion sensitivity of 0.3364 mV/g at Δm = 9.32 × 10^-4 g in Stage I and 0.0121 mV/g in Stage III. The research findings indicate that the detection accuracy of the novel POF sensor proposed in this study is satisfying. Moreover, the simple fabrication of the high-sensitivity sensor makes it cost-effective and suitable for the on-site corrosion monitoring of buried metal pipelines.