• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2002

In order to develop the breeding techniques to increase Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) population, the present study was performed 1) to establish the treatment protocol on reproductive disorders with GnRH or PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／, 2) to improve intraovarian PG $F_{2}$$\alpha$／ administration for reducing open period. Among total of 43 diagnosed, high percentage of cows (41.9％, 18 cows) were diagnosed as silent heat, followed by inactive ovaries (32.6％, 14 cows), ovarian cysts (9.3％, 4 cows), persistent corpus luteum (7.0％, 3 cows), endometriosis (4.7％, 2 cows), pyometra (2.3％, 1 cow) and luteal cysts (2.3％, 1 cow). To treat silent heat, 18 cows were administrated with 25 mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／, heat-detected, artificially inseminated and monitored pregnancy. All treated cows were heat-detected and 16 cows (88％) were successfully pregnant. With 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$ GnRH treatment, 7 cows (70％) with inactive ovaries and 3 cows (75％) with ovarian cysts were successfully pregnant. Administration with 25mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／, successfully treated 3 cows (100％) with persistent corpus luteum and 1 cow (100％) with luteal cysts, followed by 100％ pregnancy rate. With the combined treatment of 25 mg PG $F_{2}$$\alpha$／and antibiotics, 2 cows (100％) with endometriosis were effectively treated and got pregnant after. artificial insemination (AI). In order to reduce open period, 5 mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ was administrated intraovarian to 20 days cows after delivery, heat-detected, artificially inseminated and monitored pregnancy. In the first experiment, in order to recover uterus, 5mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／were administrated, followed by administration of 5mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ at the interval of 14 days. As results, 74％ (17／23 cows) of pregnancy rate after AI. In order to further reduce the open period, 5 mg PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／was administrated at the interval of 11 days without the period of uterus recovery, resulted in 94％ (16／17 cows) pregnancy rate. In conclusion, these results showed that PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ and GnRH treatment were effective hormonal treatment resume in Hanwoo with various reproductive disorders. In addition, modified protocol of intraovarian PGF／sub 2$\alpha$／ administration could be the effective method for reducing the open period.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.394-402
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• 2008

The Effects of Cu or Ni additives co-added with Ce/Zr mixed oxides to Fe-based oxide mediums were investigated for the purpose of the replacement of Rh, a precious metal additive, in terms of hydrogen storage(reduction by hydrogen) and release(water splitting). From the results of temperature programmed reduction(TPR), initial reduction rate of iron oxide in the mediums was greatly increased with the addition of Cu, similar to that of Rh. For isothermal redox reaction of 10 cycles, the total amounts of hydrogen evolved in water splitting steps for the mediums added with Cu or Ni were highly maintained at ca. 7 mmol/g-material, even though the oxidation rates were slightly lower than that for the medium added with Rh. This result suggests that the replacement of Rh to Cu or Ni is possible as a co-additive for Fe-based oxide mediums.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2007

Ethane 1,2-dimethane sulfonate(EDS), a toxin which specifically kills Leydig cells(LC), has been widely used to prepare the reversible testosterone(T) depletion rat model. In the present study, we monitored the gene expression profiles of pituitary gonadotropins, LH and FSH, up to 7 weeks after EDS injection. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats($300{\sim}350\;g$ B.W.) were injected with a single dose of EDS(75 mg/kg i.p.) and sacrificed on weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Total RNAs were purified from each pituitary, and the message levels of common alpha subunit($C{\alpha}$) of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, LH beta subunit($LH{\beta}$), FSH beta subunit($FSH{\beta}$) and GnRH receptor(GnRH-R) were evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCRs. The message levels of $C{\alpha}$ increased sharply during weeks 1-4, then return to the control level on week 5. The mRNA levels of $LH{\beta}$ were elevated after week 2, reached the peak at week 4, then declined to the control level after week 5. The message levels of $FSH{\beta}$ were elevated after week 2, reached the peak at week 3, then declined to the nadir at week 5. Similarly, the mRNA levels of GnRH-R were elevated after week 2, reached the peak at week 3, then gradually declined to the control level after week 5. The present study indicated that EDS treatment could induce reversible alterations in the transcriptional activities of gonadotropin subunits and GnRH-R in the anterior pituitary from male rats. EDS injection model might be useful to understand the mechanism of hormonal regulation of hypothalamus- pituitary neuroendocrine axis in male rats.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of different relative humidity (RH) regimes on graft healing of grafted seedlings of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.). Two watermelon cultivars ('Speed' and 'Sambok Honey') were grafted onto the 'RS-Dongjanggun' bottle gourd rootstock (Lagenaria siceraria Stanld.) and the grafted seedlings were maintained under one of three relative humidity regimes, 95-96% [1.1-0.8 (day) or $0.8-0.6(night)\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}$ vapor pressure deficit (VPD)], 97-98% [ 0.7-0.4 (day) or $0.5-0.3(night)\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}$ (VPD)], or 99-100% [0.3-0.0 (day) or $0.2-0.0(night)\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}$ (VPD)] according to the Mollier diagram based on the air temperature of $25^{\circ}C\;day/18^{\circ}C\;night$ with 16 h photoperiod per day. Among the RH treatments, 97-98% significantly increased plant height and fresh weight of the rootstock and scion of the 'Speed' and it also enhanced the graft union connection of both cultivars after two days of grafting. However, plant height and thickness of the scion of 'Sambok Honey' was increased by the 99-100% RH treatment. Furthermore, both cultivars grown in the 95-96 and 97-98% RH treatments consisted of lower levels of endogenous $H_2O_2$ and less activities of antioxidant enzymes which illustrated the occurrence of less oxidative stress. Hence, the results of this study identified the optimal RH level for the graft healing of watermelon seedlings.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2016.03a
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• pp.280-284
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 Density functional theory(DFT) 계산을 이용하여, $MoS_2$의 Mo와 S를 다른 원자로 치환 했을 때 $2H-MoS_2$ monolayer의 basal plane에서 HER활성을 향상시켰다. 특히 Ge와 Rh를 치환한 경우, ${\Delta}G_H$가 각각 0.03eV, 0,07eV로 최적에 가까운 HER활성이 나타났다. 다른 원자의 치환이 Fermi level 근처의 DOS(density of states)를 높여, ${\Delta}G_H$을 0에 가깝게 낮출 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 치환되는 원자의 농도, 그리고 strain을 변화시켜 농도와 strain의 증가에 따른 ${\Delta}G_H$ 감소를 발견했다. 이로써 각치환되는 원자마다, 치환 농도와 strain을 함께 변화시켜 ${\Delta}G_H$을 낮출 수 있었다. ${\Delta}G_H$가 0에 가까운(${\pm}{\pm}0.2eV$ 이내) 원자종류, 치환 농도, strain의 여러 조합을 찾았다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.561-568
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• 1995

Two methods, precipitation and ultrafiltration, were applied in order to recover platinum group metals(PGM) by complexing them with water-soluble polyelectrolytes, e.g., polyethyleneimine [PEl], poly(2-vinylpyridine) [2-PVP], poly (4-vinylpyridine) [4-PVP], and poly (styrene sulfonic acid) [PSSA]. In the precipitation method, the PGM-polyelectrolyte complex that was formed by mixing first with polybase, e.g.,4-PVP at pH 1 was precipitated by further mixing with polyacid, e.g., PSSA. However, the recovery of PGM obtained by this method was not quantitative(less than 70%). The "sandwiching" binding between the metal anions and two polyelectrolytes was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The XPS studies indicated that the PGM atom was bound with the acdic and basic polyelectrolyte via its oxygen and nitrogen atom, respectively. The recovery of PGM using polyelectrolyte was further studied by ultrafiltration methods as follows : The PGM ions, eomplexed at pH 1 with polyelectrolyte, allowed the applicntion of membrane filtration by virtue of the great differences in molecular weights between PGM and other low molecular weight species. By applying this method, Pd and Pt (ca. $10^{-4}M$) were selectively separated almost quantitatively from coexisting metal ions, e.g., $Cu^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$. The EPR spectra and viscosity measurements indicated that these polyelectrlytes were not bound to $Cu^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ ions at this pH, which provided the basis for selective separation of PGM(Pd, Pt and Rh) from these coexisting ions.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2006

Purpose : Growth retardation is one of the serious problems in children with nephropathy requiring long-term steroid therapy. We observed the efficacy and safety of recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH) on the growth in children with long-term steroid therapy. Methods : We studied 60 children(male 47, female 13) with nephropathy who received rhGH(1 U/kg/week) for more than 0.5 years($1.39{\pm}1.12$). Their mean age was 11.0 years($11.17{\pm}2.62$). They received steroid therapy from January 1987 through July 2005, and the mean duration of steroid therapy was $4.32{\pm}2.97$ years. Among the patients, there were 32 nephrotic syndrome, 9 IgA nephropathy, 4 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 4 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 2 Henoch $Sch\ddot{o}nlein$ nephritis, 2 Alport syndrome and 7 other cases. Data were gathered on the growth parameters, such as growth velocity, height standard deviation score(SDS), IGF-1, IGFBP-3, bone mass density(BMD) and general chemistry changes. Results : Height velocity increased significantly with rhGH therapy from $3.29{\pm}1.95$ to $8.66{\pm}3.75$(cm/yr) and height SDS decreased from $-0.72{\pm}0.93$ to $-1.04{\pm}0.86$ at one year after steroid therapy but increased to $-0.55{\pm}0.96$ at one year after rhGH administration(P<0.05). BMD improved from $0.71{\pm}0.14$ to $0.79{\pm}0.15g/cm^2$(P<0.05). IGF-1 increased from $445.09{\pm}138.01$ to $506.62{\pm}181.31ng/mL$(P<0.05). IGFBP-3 decreased from $4073.75{\pm}700.78$ to $3933.61{\pm}789.25ug/L$ numerically, but there was no statistically significant difference(P=0.533). Conclusion : The administration of rhGH in the short stature patients who received long-term steroid therapy showed improvement in growth parameters such as SDS, growth velocity, and BMD without significant side-effects or changes in the biochemical parameters.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2004

A synthetic defined medium, fortified with amino acids, was developed for the stable production of the kringle fragments of human apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), rhLK68. Using a complex rich medium containing yeast extract and a high-cell-density fed-batch culture, the expression level of rhLK68 reached 17% of the total cellular protein, which corresponded to $5\;g\;l^{-1}$ of the culture. To replace the complex media with chemically defined media, several amino acids that positively affect cell growth and gene expression were chosen by a statistical method. The various combinations of the selected amino acids were tested for its fortifying effect on a minimal defined medium. When glutamine only was added, the overall expression level of rhLK68 reached 93% of the complex rich medium increasing the specific expression level by 22.4% and decreasing the cell growth by 24%. Moreover, the addition of glutamine resulted in a 2-fold increase in the concentration of rhLK68 in the culture broth, compared with the minimal defined medium. The synthetic defined media developed in this study could be generally applied to high-cell-density cultures of the recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), especially for the production of therapeutic proteins that require a strict quality control of the culture media and fermentation processes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-123
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• 2019

The aerosol chemical components in $PM_{2.5}$ in several regions (Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, and Jeju Island) were investigated with regard to their concentration characteristics and optical properties. The optical properties of the various aerosol components (e.g., water-soluble, insoluble, Black Carbon (BC), and sea-salt) were estimated using hourly and daily aerosol sampling data from the study area via a modeling approach. Overall, the water-soluble component was predominant over all other components in terms of concentration and impact on optical properties (except for the absorption coefficient of BC). The annual mean concentration and Aerosol Optical Ddepth (AOD) of the water-soluble component were highest in Seoul (at the Gwangjin site) ($26{\mu}g/m^3$ and 0.29 in 2013, respectively). Further, despite relatively moderate BC concentrations, the annual mean absorption coefficient of BC ($21.7Mm^{-1}$) was highest in Busan (at the Yeonsan site) in 2013, due to the strong light absorbing ability of BC. In addition, high AODs for the water-soluble component were observed most frequently in spring and/or winter at most of the study sites, while low values were noted in summer and/or early fall. The diurnal variation in the AOD of each component in Seoul (at the Gwangjin site) was slightly high in the morning and low in the afternoon during the study period; however, such distinctions were not apparent in Jeju Island (at the Aweol site), except for a slightly high AOD of the water-soluble component in the morning (08:00 LST). The monthly and diurnal differences in the AOD values for each component could be attributed to the differences in their mass concentrations and Relative Humidities (RH). In a sensitivity test, the AODs estimated under RH conditions of 80 and 90% were factors of 1.2 and 1.7 higher, respectively, than the values estimated using the observed RH.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2003