• 제목/요약/키워드: Fuzzy Relation

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인간공학적 요소를 반영한 첨단차량 추종모형 (Development of Car Following Model of Adaptive Cruise Controlled Vehicle Considering Human Factors)

  • 박희제;배상훈;정희진
    • 대한교통학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.121-133
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    • 2008
  • 기존의 첨단차량 추종거동 모형은 선행차량과의 상대거리와 관계없이 동일한 속도이면 추종상태를 유지하는 비현실적 제약성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 추종상황에서 차량간 적정 상대거리를 유지함과 동시에 추종차량 운전자의 안전성과 안락함을 고려하기 위해 인간공학요소를 반영한 보다 현실적인 추종거동모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 인간공학요소의 반영을 위하여 운전자의 개별특성, 환경적 요소, 속도 및 거리관계에 의해 나타나는 운전자의 불안감도(MOA, Measurement of Alarm)를 퍼지모형 구축을 통해 측정하였으며, 측정된 불안감도를 경감시키고 적정 안전거리를 확보하도록 모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 기 개발된 GGM(General GM)모형과 동일한 시나리오에 따라 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 수행 결과, 선행차량과의 상대거리에 관계없이 속도가 동일하면 추종을 그대로 유지하는 GGM모형과 달리, 제안된 모형은 선행차량과의 상대거리가 안전거리 이하 또는 이상이면 상대거리를 안전거리만큼 넓히거나 좁힌 후 추종상태를 유지하였다. 이는 제안된 모형이 기존의 모형에 비해 더욱 안전한 거동을 하는 것을 나타낸다. 또한 GGM모형이 상대거리와 속도 관계에 의해 높은 불안감도를 유지하는 반면, 제안된 모형은 불안감도를 허용 불안감도까지 경감시켜 추종거동을 유지하여 운전자의 안락함을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 운전자 불안감도의 경감 측면과 도로이용의 효율성 측면에서 제안된 모형이 기존의 GGM모형을 대폭 현실화시킨 것으로 판단되었다.

항만의 경쟁상황을 고려한 동적모형 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Development of Dynamic Models under Inter Port Competition)

  • 여기태;이철영
    • 한국항해학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 1999
  • Although many studies on modelling of port competitive situation have been conducted, both theoretical frame and methodology are still very weak. In this study, therefore, a new algorithm called ESD (Extensional System Dynamics) for the evaluation of port competition was presented, and applied to simulate port systems in northeast asia. The detailed objectives of this paper are to develop Unit fort Model by using SD(System Dynamics) method; to develop Competitive Port Model by ESD method; to perform sensitivity analysis by altering parameters, and to propose port development strategies. For these the algorithm for the evaluation of part's competition was developed in two steps. Firstly, SD method was adopted to develop the Unit Port models, and secondly HFP(Hierarchical Fuzzy Process) method was introduced to expand previous SD method. The proposed models were then developed and applied to the five ports - Pusan, Kobe, Yokohama, Kaoshiung, Keelung - with real data on each ports, and several findings were derived. Firstly, the extraction of factors for Unit Port was accomplished by consultation of experts such as research worker, professor, research fellows related to harbor, and expert group, and finally, five factor groups - location, facility, service, cargo volumes, and port charge - were obtained. Secondly, system's structure consisting of feedback loop was found easily by location of representative and detailed factors on keyword network of STGB map. Using these keyword network, feedback loop was found. Thirdly, for the target year of 2003, the simulation for Pusan port revealed that liner's number would be increased from 829 ships to 1,450 ships and container cargo volumes increased from 4.56 million TEU to 7.74 million TEU. It also revealed that because of increased liners and container cargo volumes, length of berth should be expanded from 2,162m to 4,729m. This berth expansion was resulted in the decrease of congested ship's number from 97 to 11. It was also found that port's charge had a fluctuation. Results of simulation for Kobe, Yokohama, Kaoshiung, Keelung in northeast asia were also acquired. Finally, the inter port competition models developed by ESB method were used to simulate container cargo volumes for Pusan port. The results revealed that under competitive situation container cargo volume was smaller than non-competitive situation, which means Pusan port is lack of competitive power to other ports. Developed models in this study were then applied to estimate change of container cargo volumes in competitive relation by altering several parameters. And, the results were found to be very helpful for port mangers who are in charge of planning of port development.

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