• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.193-205
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• 2003

There has been so many research activities about robot soccer system in the many research fields, for example, intelligent control, communication, computer technology, sensor technology, image processing, mechatronics. Especially researchers research strategy for attacking in the field of strategy, and develop intelligent strategy. Then, soccer robots cannot defense completely and efficiently by using simple defense strategy. Therefore, intention extraction of attacker is needed for efficient defense. In this thesis, intention extractor of soccer robots is designed and developed based on FMMNN(Fuzzy Min-Max Neural networks ). First, intention for soccer robot system is defined, and intention extraction for soccer robot system is explained.. Next, FMMNN based intention extractor for soccer robot system is determined. FMMNN is one of the pattern classification method and have several advantages: on-line adaptation, short training time, soft decision. Therefore, FMMNN is suitable for soccer robot system having dynamic environment. Observer extracts attack intention of opponents by using this intention exactor, and this intention extractor is also used for analyzing strategy of opponent team. The capability of developed intention extractor is verified by simulation of 3 vs. 3 robot succor simulator. It was confirmed that the rates of intention extraction each experiment increase.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.634-643
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• 1999

This paper concerns an implementation of f~rry logic controller (FLC') on a reconfigurahle FP

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.581-589
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• 2011

Generally, treated water or raw water is transported into storage reservoirs which are receiving facilities of local governments from multi-regional water supply systems. A water supply control and operation center is operated not only to manage the water facilities more economically and efficiently but also to mitigate the shortage of water resources due to the increase in water consumption. To achieve the goal, important information such as the flow-rate in the systems, water levels of storage reservoirs or tanks, and pump-operation schedule should be considered based on the resonable water demand forecasting. However, it is difficult to acquire the pattern of water demand used in local government, since the operating information is not shared between multi-regional and local water systems. The pattern of water demand is irregular and unpredictable. Also, additional changes such as an abrupt accident and frequent changes of electric power rates could occur. Consequently, it is not easy to forecast accurate water demands. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a short-term water demands forecasting and to develop an application of the forecasting models. In this study, the forecasting simulator for water demand is developed based on mathematical and neural network methods as linear and non-linear models to implement the optimal water demands forecasting. It is shown that MLP(Multi-Layered Perceptron) and ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) can be applied to obtain better forecasting results in multi-regional water supply systems with a large scale and local water supply systems with small or medium scale than conventional methods, respectively.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2010

In this paper, we present a hybrid neural network model for dynamic hand gesture recognition. The model consists of two modules, feature extraction module and pattern classification module. We first propose a modified CNN(convolutional Neural Network) a pattern recognition model for the feature extraction module. Then we introduce a weighted fuzzy min-max(WFMM) neural network for the pattern classification module. The data representation proposed in this research is a spatiotemporal template which is based on the motion information of the target object. To minimize the influence caused by the spatial and temporal variation of the feature points, we extend the receptive field of the CNN model to a three-dimensional structure. We discuss the learning capability of the WFMM neural networks in which the weight concept is added to represent the frequency factor in training pattern set. The model can overcome the performance degradation which may be caused by the hyperbox contraction process of conventional FMM neural networks. From the experimental results of human action recognition and dynamic hand gesture recognition for remote-control electric home appliances, the validity of the proposed models is discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.4B
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• pp.566-575
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• 2010

In recent, artificial immune system has become an important research direction in the anomaly detection of networks. The conventional artificial immune systems are usually based on the negative selection that is one of the computational models of self/nonself discrimination. A main problem with self and non-self discrimination is the determination of the frontier between self and non-self. It causes false positive and false negative which are wrong detections. Therefore, additional functions are needed in order to detect potential anomaly while identifying abnormal behavior from analogous symptoms. In this paper, we design novel network attack detection and response schemes based on artificial immune system, and evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. We firstly generate detector set and design detection and response modules through adopting the interaction between dendritic cells and T-cells. With the sequence of buffer occupancy, a set of detectors is generated by negative selection. The detection module detects the network anomaly with a set of detectors and generates alarm signal to the response module. In order to reduce wrong detections, we also utilize the fuzzy number theory that infers the degree of threat. The degree of threat is calculated by monitoring the number of alarm signals and the intensity of alarm occurrence. The response module sends the control signal to attackers to limit the attack traffic.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.59-67
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• 2003

The prevention of marine accidents has been a major topic in marine society for long time and various safety policies and Countermeasures have been developed and applied to prevent those accidents. In spite of these efforts, however significant marine accidents have taken place intermittently. Ship is being operated under a highly dynamic environments and many factors are related with ship's collision and those factors are interacting. So, the analysis on ship's collision causes are very important to prepare countermeasures which will ensure the safe navigation. This study analysed the ship's collision data over the past 10 years(1991-2000), which is compiled by Korea Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency. The analysis confirmed that ‘ship's collision’ is occurred most frequently and the cause is closely related with human factor. The main purpose of this study is to propose risk control countermeasures of ship's collision. For this, the structure of human factor is analysed by the questionnaire methodology. Marine experts were surveyed based on major elements that were extracted from the human factor affecting to ship's collision. FSM has been widely adopted in modeling a dynamic system which is composed of human factors. Then, the structure analysis on the causes of ship's collision using FSM are performed. This structure model could be used in understanding and verifying the procedure of real ship's collision. Furthermore it could be used as the model to prevent ship's collision and reduce marine accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2003

The prevention of marine accidents has been a major topic in marine society for long time and various safety policies and Countermeasures have been developed and applied to prevent those accidents. In spite of these efforts, however significant marine accidents have taken place intermittently. Ship is being operated under a highly dynamic environments and many factors are related with ship's collision and those factors are interacting. So, the analysis on ship's collision rouses are very important to prepare countermeasures which will ensure the safe navigation. This study analysed the ship's collision data over the past 10 years(1991-2000), which is compiled by Korea Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency. The analysis confirmed that ‘ship's collision’ is occurred most frequently and the cause is closely related with human factor. The main purpose if this study is to propose risk control countermeasures of ship's collision. For this, the structure of human factor is analysed by the questionnaire methodology. Marine experts were surveyed based on major elements that were extracted from the human factor affecting to ship's collision FSM has been widely adopted in modeling a dynamic system which is composed of human factors. Then, the structure analysis on the rouses of ship's collision using FSM are performed. This structure model could be used in understanding and verifying the procedure of real ship's collision. Furthermore it could be used as the model to prevent ship's collision and to reduce marine accidents.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

In Korea, a resident registration card has various personal information such as a present address, a resident registration number, a face picture and a fingerprint. A plastic-type resident card currently used is easy to forge or alter and tricks of forgery grow to be high-degree as time goes on. So, whether a resident card is forged or not is difficult to judge by only an examination with the naked eye. This paper proposed an automatic recognition method of a resident card which recognizes a resident registration number by using a refined ART2-based RBF network newly proposed and authenticates a face picture by a template image matching method. The proposed method, first, extracts areas including a resident registration number and the date of issue from a resident card image by applying Sobel masking, median filtering and horizontal smearing operations to the image in turn. To improve the extraction of individual codes from extracted areas, the original image is binarized by using a high-frequency passing filter and CDM masking is applied to the binaried image fur making image information of individual codes better. Lastly, individual codes, which are targets of recognition, are extracted by applying 4-directional contour tracking algorithm to extracted areas in the binarized image. And this paper proposed a refined ART2-based RBF network to recognize individual codes, which applies ART2 as the loaming structure of the middle layer and dynamicaly adjusts a teaming rate in the teaming of the middle and the output layers by using a fuzzy control method to improve the performance of teaming. Also, for the precise judgement of forgey of a resident card, the proposed method supports a face authentication by using a face template database and a template image matching method. For performance evaluation of the proposed method, this paper maked metamorphoses of an original image of resident card such as a forgey of face picture, an addition of noise, variations of contrast variations of intensity and image blurring, and applied these images with original images to experiments. The results of experiment showed that the proposed method is excellent in the recognition of individual codes and the face authentication fur the automatic recognition of a resident card.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-155
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• 1996

본 논문은 다이아몬드 인터체인지에서의 유고감지모형 개발을 위해 퍼지이론을 응용한 연구를 문서화 한 것이다. 지금까지의 교차로와 일반도로(고속도로가 아닌)에서의 유고감지에 관한 연구는 초기에 불과하다. 기존의 알고리즘들은 필요한 데이터 보존의 어 려움과 유고감지의 특성과 관련된 기술적 어려움을 효과적으로 극복하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 다이아몬드 인터체인지에서의 유고감지를 위한 새로운 모형을 개발하는데 있다. 이 연구를 통하여 개발된 유고감지 모형은 차량차단 유고(lane-blocking incidents) 를 감지하는데, 감지의 범위는 차량차단 유고의 경향이 교통 장황에 특정한 패턴을 형성 하고 그에 따른 신호제어전략의 조정이 요구될 때에 국한된다. 이 모형은 전통적인 통계 치를 이용한 유고감지감 고유의 문제를 해결하며, 보다 정확하고 신뢰성 있는 유고감지를 위해 다양한 교통변수를 이용하여 전체적인 유고의 경향을 포착한다. 또한 이 모형은 실 시간 교통대응 다이아몬드 인터체인지 신호제어 시스템 (real-time traffic adaptive diamond interchange control system)의 구성요소로써 사용되며, 그리고 더 큰 교차로 시스템에의 상용을 위하여 확장이 용역하도록 설계되었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 프로 토타입(prototype) 유고감지 모형은 실제의 다이아몬드 인터체인지에 적용되어, 감지율, 오보율, 평감지시간의 세 달로써 성능이 평가되었다. 모형의 성능평가 결과는 무적이었으 며, 퍼지이론은 유고감지에 효과적인 접근방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.투자의 타당성을 실증적으로 보여 주고 있다.산정 절차 정립에 엇갈림 알고리즘을 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다.자함수를 추정한 뒤 이를 이용해 업종, 기업규모, 상품유형별로 적합한 모델(Fixed Effects Model)을 결정하고, 각각에 해당하는 통계모형을 구축하였다. 이 결과 (1) 업종 및 기업규모별로 그룹간에 유의한 특성이 발견되었으며, (2) R&D 및 광고투자는 기업의 시장성과를 설명하는 중요한 변수이나, (3) R&D 투자의 경우는 광고에 비해 불확실성이 존재하는 것으로 나타났고, (4) 수리모형에서 도출된 한계원리가 통계모형에서도 유효한 것으로 드러났다.등을 토대로 한 10대 산업을 육성하기 위하여 과학기술부는 기술수요조사를 바탕으로 49개 주요기술을 도출하여, 과학기술 일류 국가 실현, 국민소득 2만불 달성이라는 국가적 슬로건을 내걸고 “차세대 성장동력” 창출을 위한 범정부차원의 기획과 연구비의 집중투자를 추진하고 있다.달성하기 위해서는 종합류류 전산망의 시급한 구축과 함께 화물차의 적재율을 높이고 공차율을 낮출 수 있는 운송체계의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그라나 이러한 화물전용차선의 효과는 단기적인 치유책일 수밖에 없기 때문에 물류유통 시설의 확충을 위한 사회간접자본의 구축을 서둘러 시행하여야 할 것이다.으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.1051-1054
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• 1993

The International Atomic Energy Agency's Statute in Article III.A.5 allows it“to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials, services, equipment, facilities and information made available by the Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose; and to apply safeguards, at the request of the parties, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or at the request of a State, to any of that State's activities in the field of atomic energy”. Safeguards are essentially a technical means of verifying the fulfilment of political obligations undertaken by States and given a legal force in international agreements relating to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The main political objectives are: to assure the international community that States are complying with their non-proliferation and other peaceful undertakings; and to deter (a) the diversion of afeguarded nuclear materials to the production of nuclear explosives or for military purposes and (b) the misuse of safeguarded facilities with the aim of producing unsafeguarded nuclear material. It is clear that no international safeguards system can physically prevent diversion. The IAEA safeguards system is basically a verification measure designed to provide assurance in those cases in which diversion has not occurred. Verification is accomplished by two basic means: material accountancy and containment and surveillance measures. Nuclear material accountancy is the fundamental IAEA safeguards mechanism, while containment and surveillance serve as important complementary measures. Material accountancy refers to a collection of measurements and other determinations which enable the State and the Agency to maintain a current picture of the location and movement of nuclear material into and out of material balance areas, i. e. areas where all material entering or leaving is measurab e. A containment measure is one that is designed by taking advantage of structural characteristics, such as containers, tanks or pipes, etc. To establish the physical integrity of an area or item by preventing the undetected movement of nuclear material or equipment. Such measures involve the application of tamper-indicating or surveillance devices. Surveillance refers to both human and instrumental observation aimed at indicating the movement of nuclear material. The verification process consists of three over-lapping elements: (a) Provision by the State of information such as - design information describing nuclear installations; - accounting reports listing nuclear material inventories, receipts and shipments; - documents amplifying and clarifying reports, as applicable; - notification of international transfers of nuclear material. (b) Collection by the IAEA of information through inspection activities such as - verification of design information - examination of records and repo ts - measurement of nuclear material - examination of containment and surveillance measures - follow-up activities in case of unusual findings. (c) Evaluation of the information provided by the State and of that collected by inspectors to determine the completeness, accuracy and validity of the information provided by the State and to resolve any anomalies and discrepancies. To design an effective verification system, one must identify possible ways and means by which nuclear material could be diverted from peaceful uses, including means to conceal such diversions. These theoretical ways and means, which have become known as diversion strategies, are used as one of the basic inputs for the development of safeguards procedures, equipment and instrumentation. For analysis of implementation strategy purposes, it is assumed that non-compliance cannot be excluded a priori and that consequently there is a low but non-zero probability that a diversion could be attempted in all safeguards ituations. An important element of diversion strategies is the identification of various possible diversion paths; the amount, type and location of nuclear material involved, the physical route and conversion of the material that may take place, rate of removal and concealment methods, as appropriate. With regard to the physical route and conversion of nuclear material the following main categories may be considered: - unreported removal of nuclear material from an installation or during transit - unreported introduction of nuclear material into an installation - unreported transfer of nuclear material from one material balance area to another - unreported production of nuclear material, e. g. enrichment of uranium or production of plutonium - undeclared uses of the material within the installation. With respect to the amount of nuclear material that might be diverted in a given time (the diversion rate), the continuum between the following two limiting cases is cons dered: - one significant quantity or more in a short time, often known as abrupt diversion; and - one significant quantity or more per year, for example, by accumulation of smaller amounts each time to add up to a significant quantity over a period of one year, often called protracted diversion. Concealment methods may include: - restriction of access of inspectors - falsification of records, reports and other material balance areas - replacement of nuclear material, e. g. use of dummy objects - falsification of measurements or of their evaluation - interference with IAEA installed equipment.As a result of diversion and its concealment or other actions, anomalies will occur. All reasonable diversion routes, scenarios/strategies and concealment methods have to be taken into account in designing safeguards implementation strategies so as to provide sufficient opportunities for the IAEA to observe such anomalies. The safeguards approach for each facility will make a different use of these procedures, equipment and instrumentation according to the various diversion strategies which could be applicable to that facility and according to the detection and inspection goals which are applied. Postulated pathways sets of scenarios comprise those elements of diversion strategies which might be carried out at a facility or across a State's fuel cycle with declared or undeclared activities. All such factors, however, contain a degree of fuzziness that need a human judgment to make the ultimate conclusion that all material is being used for peaceful purposes. Safeguards has been traditionally based on verification of declared material and facilities using material accountancy as a fundamental measure. The strength of material accountancy is based on the fact that it allows to detect any diversion independent of the diversion route taken. Material accountancy detects a diversion after it actually happened and thus is powerless to physically prevent it and can only deter by the risk of early detection any contemplation by State authorities to carry out a diversion. Recently the IAEA has been faced with new challenges. To deal with these, various measures are being reconsidered to strengthen the safeguards system such as enhanced assessment of the completeness of the State's initial declaration of nuclear material and installations under its jurisdiction enhanced monitoring and analysis of open information and analysis of open information that may indicate inconsistencies with the State's safeguards obligations. Precise information vital for such enhanced assessments and analyses is normally not available or, if available, difficult and expensive collection of information would be necessary. Above all, realistic appraisal of truth needs sound human judgment.