• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.119-139
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• 2004

The intention of the research is to look into the form reflecting the spiritual image due to Oriental aesthetic from a realistic point of view. In this regard, I will pay attention to examining the process from figurative perspectives, in which painting image by subject acquires the beauty of form. Of the main subjection this paper, figure is an image itself appearing in painting. At this point, I will attempt to show how the meaning and value of image have been interpreted and judged on the aesthetic standard in Oriental painting in particular. For this process, I generalize the conception of the image as 'figure' and through this I will reconsider the standard of understanding and the value of perception regarding painting images on the method which are more applicable to the expressions of Oriental painting. The reason why I try to find out the true nature of images in Oriental painting from a figurative viewpoint is to convert a conventional sense of value which recognizes the images of Oriental painting only as results of idealism, into more practical field. If the true nature of Oriental painting is fixed and restricted to natures of idealism, any productive development and any changes in form for future couldn't be expected at all. In fact, what the ideological and aesthetic values of art suggest is clearly a proof of real art form. However, it is not a hard thing to prospect that only a superficial idealism will be ceaselessly produced, while the practical study about aesthetic values, meaningful results of painting expressions, is totally ignored, if ideology itself is used as criteria to judge the identity of it or if only the idealistic aesthetic values are emphasized while any clue to show a real existence of oriental paintings is not certain. Actually, nobody can deny the fact that interests about real natures regarding art expressions have been relatively ignored while armed with mental ideology for esthetic view of oriental painting in traditionalism Therefore, it is clear that 'spiritual status' itself can generate any form. Traditionally, in the Orient, the standard of judging a real value of things, which put a focus on a spiritual view of value rather than on a materialistic view of it, has been vaguely positioned the identity of images in painting As a result, the aesthetic convention has finally committed to an error that for images of oriental painting, ideological criteria like so called spiritualism are applied as a judging way, and esthetic meanings and values of real painting are considered as strategic results and spiritual intentions.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.666-675
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the level-defferentiated Web Based Instruction(WBI) program, to examine its effects on the science achievement self-directed learning characteristics, and the students’ perceptions on the WBI learning. For this purpose, the advanced and complementary WBI program of level-differentiated curriculum was developed to adapt to class fields and examine instruction facilitating efficiency. Designed and developed the WBI program make it possible to teach students according to the level-differentiated learning for the chapter, ‘weather and climate’ in high school science curriculum. The results of this study are as follows: First, level-differentiated WBI was effective to encourage self-concept, learning eagerness, future-oriented self-apprehension, creativity, self-assessment of the student’s self-directed teaming characteristics. There was no interaction effect of treatment and students’ learning ability at the self-directed learning characteristics. Second, the scores of science achievement of WBI group were significantly higher than those of conventional lecture group. There was interaction effect of treatment and students’ learning ability. However level-differentiated WBI has no effect on openness, initiative, responsibility of the student’s self-directed learning characteristics. There was interaction effect of treatment and students’ learning ability at the science achievement, Third, in the perception questionnaire of WBI teaming, many students showed the WBI teaming was good in terms of causing interaction between learners and web based learning materials including various images and animations. However there are several students who showed learning difficulties. For example they wonder which part is more important and what order is proper to study in hypertext environment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of a VR(virtual reality)-based biology class on both the cognitive and affective domains by developing and applying a VR-based biology program for 6th-grade elementary school students. For this research, we developed a VR teaching material about 'digestion' reflecting virtual reality characteristics and one hundred five students in an elementary school in an urban area participated in this study and took three VR-based lessons. To examine the cognitive effects of a VR-based biology class, the study subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group was composed of 50 individuals who participated in VR-based biology lessons, while 55 students of a control group learned through general lessons. We collected data using drawing tasks for measuring students' modeling performance level from these groups and analyzed the cognitive effect of VR-based instruction. We also recorded 21 interviews of students after the intervention, which were transcribed to verify the students' perception of cognitive and affective effects. The key results are as follows: First, we demonstrated the possibility of applying a VR program reflecting VR characteristics (manipulation, multi-sensory, and interaction). Second, we found out that a VR-based biology class significantly enhances higher levels of thinking (spatial, abstract, and reflective thinking). Third, we examined students' perceptions on this program and came to the conclusion that VR characteristics positively affected cognitive and affective domains. This study may be able to contribute to offering guidelines on how to apply VR-programs to future science education effectively.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2016

The current PF project is entirely relying on construction company's credibility. As such, it has increased a negative and bad recognition in domestic real estate economy. In addition, PF experts has a perception that a project's safety of future cash flow profitability is more important than the construction company's credibility. So many PF experts make an effort in order to set aside safe project structure of PF and analyse systematically the risks of the project. In common feasibility study of the PF Project, financial specialists and real estate specialists are forecasting and evaluating the suitability of the project through reviewing the development profit from the project of sales. However, cash flow analysis and evaluation from the perspective of mid-sized construction companies are still in the primary level. Therefore, this study has analysed the current feasibility study and go/no go decision making procedures. Then the authors have a new cash flow analysis method from the perspective of mid-sized construction companies, by improving the feasibility study and go/no go decision making procedures.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.321-337
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to examine elementary gifted students' perceptions on bias against creativity utilizing concept mapping approach. Twelve elementary gifted students participated in the group brainstorming and produced 55 final statements. Based on these statements, the multi-dimensional scale and hierarchial cluster analysis using dissimilarity matrix were performed. Average stress value was .30 which is appropriate for a two-dimensional concept mapping study. In addition, a questionnaire survey using likert 6 points scale was carried out targeting 132 elementary gifted students to analyze the degree of sympathy on their anti-creativity bias perception. The findings are as follow: First, four categories were concluded dividing gifted students' perceptions on bias against creativity from the hierarchial cluster analysis with X-Y coordinate matrix, these were 'Contradictory attitudes to creativity', 'Low evaluation for creativity', 'Forced to predetermined rules and ideas', and 'Aversion to new things'. Second, elementary gifted students were sympathetic to the order 'Forced to predetermined rules and ideas'(M=4.16), 'Aversion to new things'(M=3.68), 'Contradictory attitudes to creativity'(M=3.55) and 'Low evaluation for creativity'(M=3.30). This study aims to examine, analyze and categorize various relevant factors related to elementary gifted students' perceptions on bias against creativity. Implications of the study related to the present and future creative education were discussed in depth.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.892-900
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• 2010

Objectives : To save the lives of patients with cardiac arrests, CPR must be performed rapidly and precisely. Regarding its critical necessity, there is a growing tendency to encourage whomever witnesses the cardiac arrest to perform basic CPR. However, the attitude toward basic CPR nor its current state of education in Korean Oriental Medical arena, which is one of the dual axes unique to Korean medical system, are not known. This is a kind of pilot study to research attitudes toward and the educative effect of basic CPR among oriental medical doctors in Korea. Methods : We carried out surveys and tests targeting nineteen apprentice doctors working in Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, who were receiving training for 'AHA BLS course for healthcare providers', on the attitude toward and educative effect of basic CPR before and after the education. Results : The pre-educational survey showed that most of the participants felt the necessity to be trained in the BLS course, were not confident about performing CPR, and not well-acquainted with the whole process of performing CPR. After education, however, none of them responded with a lack of confidence to perform basic CPR, and the score of the confidence to perform basic CPR was significantly increased, too (from $2.05{\pm}0.71$ to $4.05{\pm}0.40$, n=19, p<0.001). Moreover, all of them answered they were satisfied with this BLS course, and it aroused their sense of responsibility as oriental medical doctors. All the participants passed the exam, and their average score for BLS scheme performance was $28.2{\pm}1.3$. Conclusions : It is necessary, in the future, to set up a management system for intensive, regular and continuous reeducation and expand the research on the perception and attitude targeting larger numbers and more multilevel groups of oriental medical doctors.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1038-1044
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• 2009

Interests for User Interface directly influencing on usability are also growing as the competition between DCATV and IPTV come to the surface, according to getting activated Interactive TV market. Therefore, this study has the purpose to understand mental models of users for Interactive TV service & Interface. The methods for this study are as follows. First, as the step considering literature study, we compared differences between DCATV and IPTV and caught up the concepts of DCATV and IPTV among some types of Interactive TV. Second, we examinated and analysed Hello TV, C&M, Broad&TV, MegaTV, myLGtv as the step of analysis for examples for Interactive TV. Third, as the step of researches observing users we analysed usability problems caused by differences of mental models between DCATV and IPTV. As a result, we could find there are some differences for mental model of users in Interface & services between DCATV and IPTV Especially, it was found that users feel confused very much regarding perception of real time broadcasting and VOD. We regards this findings can be used as basic for concept makings of Interactive TV, when TV interface is developed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 2009

This study was conducted to provide information which will be useful for establishing and implementing effective management policy for Baekdudaegan Trail and user satisfaction by investigating the characteristics of trail use and users' perceptions of the environmental impacts on the trail. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was employed in Baekdudaegan trail by three topological types. With this classification, the characteristics of the way the trails used and users' perceptions of the impacts were analysed in terms of ecological, physical and social environments. The result showed that the Baekdudaegan trail was used mainly for mountaineering rather vacation or travel, and found no differences in the characteristics of the trail use by the types. Ecological environment showed no significant relation with user satisfaction, however changes in physical environmental factors such as a trail width functioned as a negative component to decrease use experience. In addition, the satisfaction of the users had little to do with social environment, when the level of using the trail was relatively low. To present, the levels of impacts on ecological, physical and social environments and the users' satisfaction level regarding the Baekdudaegan trail appear to be positive. However, the increase of use level is expected in the future, and therefore systematic managerial measures need to be implemented to monitor the changes of the trails and interactions of the environmental impacts.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.477-483
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• 2018

A transparent antenna designed on the front glass of an automobile operating in the FM broadcast band(88~108 MHz) is proposed. A transparent antenna designed on the front glass of the automobile to avoid space limitation is typically positioned as a roof-mounted shark-fin antenna. An antenna designed on the front glass can reasonably solve the problems of low reception sensitivity and radiated interference from antennas for other service bands. The front glass has a unique closed-line structure, and this structure causes the surface current to flow to the front glass's surroundings; thus, the first resonance is caused before the broadcast band. Through the use of this closed-line structure, the surface current distribution is controlled, and an antenna for which the first resonance is operating in the frequency-modulated(FM) band can be designed. Moreover, the use of a micro-metal-mesh film that is a transparent electrode, suitable for designing a radio frequency device, enables the antenna to minimize visual perception through its transparency. The measured reflection coefficient($S_{11}$) of the antenna is less than -6 dB, and the average peak gain is -0.9 dB in the FM band. Experiments show that the transparent antenna on the front glass offers both the space and design freedom required to develop future automotive antennas.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.5
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• pp.859-864
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• 2002

The life cycle of new information technologies is getting shorter, and the technologies are becoming more complex and difficult to understand. The need to better understand adoption of object orientation motivates this paper. Adoption of object orientation should certainly be influenced by prior software process technologies, such as the process-oriented structured methods, because object orientation is considered to be a paradigm shift from conventional software process technologies. This study aims to empirically analyze knowledge interference of the structured methods with object orientation. A two factorial quasi-experimental design is set forth. The period of experience using the structured methods and the period of experience using object orientation are selected as two independent variables, and the perceived ease of use is chosen as one dependent variable. Data are gathered from active members of Data Processing Management Association (DPMA), who have experiences in using both the structured methods and object orientation. The final results empirically show that previous experience using the structured methods negatively influences the perception of using object orientation that is one of critical factors to technology adoption. It is suggested here that a future study dealing with the same research topic in other countries will provide new insights about comparative studies.