• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 2016

Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) causes Fusarium head blight in small grain cereals. To date, four species (F. graminearum, F. asiaticum, F. boothii, and F. meridionale ) belonging to FGSC frequently occur in Korean cereals. In addition, we first reported the occurrence of additional species (F. vorosii ) within FGSC, which was isolated from barley, corn, and rice in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of the Fusarium isolates of this group using combined multigene sequences confirmed species identification. Moreover, the macroconidia produced by these isolates were morphologically similar to those of the F. vorosii holotype. Chemical analysis indicated that the F. vorosii isolates produced various trichothecenes such as nivalenol and deoxynivalenol with their acetyl derivatives along with zearalenone. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all of the F. vorosii isolates examined were pathogenic on barley, corn, and rice with variation in aggressiveness. This study is the first report of F. vorosii in Korean cereals, their pathogenicity towards barley and corn, and their ability to produce trichothecenes and zearalenone.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 2008

Apicidin is a cyclic tetrapeptide produced by some Fusarium species and is known to inhibit Apicomplexan histone deacetylase. The goals of this study were to determine species identity of Fusarium isolate KCTC16676, an apicidin producer, to improve a method for apicidin extraction, and to test phytotoxicity of apicidin and its analogs. We compared sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) gene in KCTC16676 with those from isolates representing diverse Fusarium species, which showed that KCTC16676 belongs to the F. semitectum-F. equiseti species complex. To enhance apicidin production, after culturing isolate KCTC16676 on a wheat medium for 3 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$, the culture was extracted with chloroform. Apicidins were purified through a reverse phase $C_{18}$ silica gel column, resulting in 5 g of apicidin, 200 mg of apicidin A, and 300 mg of apicidin $D_2$ from 4 kg of wheat cultures; this represents a significant yield improvement from a previous method, offers more materials to study the modes of its action, and facilitates the elucidation of the apicidin biosynthesis pathway. Apicidin and apicidin $D_2$ showed phytotoxicity on both seedlings and 2-week-old plants of diverse species, and weeds were more sensitive to apicidins than vegetables

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.326-329
• /
• 2015

후자린산은 Fusarium이 생성하는 독소로서 다른 Fusarium 독소와 함께 독성을 증진시킬 수 있다. 후자린산 독소를 특이적으로 검출하기 위해 후자린산의 생합성유전자 중 전사인자인 FUB10을 증폭하는 프라이머를 제작하였다. Fub10-f와 Fub10-r 프라이머쌍으로 PCR을 수행했을 때, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. anthophilum, F. bulbicola, F. circinatum, F. fujikuroi, F. redolens, F. sacchari, F. subglutinans, F. thapsinum에서 약 550 bp의 단일밴드가 증폭되었으며 이들은 모두 후자린산을 생성하는 것으로 알려졌다. 반면 트라이코쎄신을 생성하는 종에서는 FUB10 특이 밴드가 증폭되지 않았다. 후자린산은 푸모니신을 생성하는 종에서 함께 생성될 수 있기 때문에 FUB10 프라이머와 푸모니신 생합성유전자인 FUM1 프라이머를 이용한 multiplex PCR을 수행하였다. 그 결과 푸모니신 생성종인 F. proliferatum과 F. verticillioides에서 밴드가 모두 증폭되었으며 이는 두 가지 독소를 생성할 수 있는 종에서 동시 검출이 가능함을 시사하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.465-475
• /
• 2021

The aim of this study was to characterize potential fungal species affecting mangrove species in Mexico. The phytopathogens were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics using internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4) primers then sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). Three fungal species were identified as Colletotrichum queenslandicum (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from black mangrove (Avicennia germinans); Colletotrichum ti (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) and buttonwood mangrove (Conocarpus erectus); Fusarium equiseti (Corda) from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). In addition, C. ti and F. equiseti were identified from mango Mangifera indica L. sampled close by the mangrove area. This study provides first evidence of anthracnose on four mangrove species caused by Colletotrichum and Fusarium species in the "Términos" coastal lagoon in Campeche State southern Mexico. This is the first time that C. queenslandicum and C. ti are reported in Mexico. F. equiseti has not been reported affecting M. indica and R. mangle until the present work. Little is known regarding fungal diseases affecting mangroves in Mexico. These ecosystems are protected by Mexican laws and may be threatened by these pathogenic fungus. This is the first report of the effect of Trichoderma harzianum TRICHO-SIN as an effective biological control against of Colletotrichum and Fusarium species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2017

Bell pepper is an economically important crop worldwide; however, production is restricted by a number of fungal diseases that cause significant yield loss. Chemical control is the most common approach adopted by growers to manage a number of these diseases. Monitoring for the development to resistance to fungicides in pathogenic fungal populations is central to devising integrated pest management strategies. Two fungal species, Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) and Colletotrichum truncatum are important pathogens of bell pepper in Trinidad. This study was carried out to determine the sensitivity of 71 isolates belonging to these two fungal species to fungicides with different modes of action based on in vitro bioassays. There was no significant difference in log effective concentration required to achieve 50% colony growth inhibition ($LogEC_{50}$) values when field location and fungicide were considered for each species separately based on ANOVA analyses. However, the $LogEC_{50}$ value for the Aranguez-Antracol locationfungicide combination was almost twice the value for the Maloney/Macoya-Antracol location-fungicide combination regardless of fungal species. $LogEC_{50}$ values for Benomyl fungicide was also higher for C. truncatum isolates than for FIESC isolates and for any other fungicide. Cropping practices in these locations may explain the fungicide sensitivity data obtained.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.187-191
• /
• 2021

Wilt symptoms were frequently observed in Korean blackberry (Rubus coreanus) plants grown in farmers' fields located in Gochang and Jeongeup, Jeonbuk Province, Korea during disease surveys in July 2020. The disease occurred in 10 of the 13 fields surveyed in the two locations. The incidence of diseased plants in the fields was 5-80%. Seven isolates of Fusarium sp. were obtained from the diseased plants and examined for their morphological and molecular characteristics. All the isolates belonged to Fusarium oxysporum species complex based on the morphological characteristics but were identified as F. cugenangense based on the molecular characteristics. Two isolates of F. cugenangense were tested for pathogenicity on Korean blackberry plants by artificial inoculation. Pathogenicity of the two isolates on the plants was confirmed with the inoculation tests, which showed wilt symptoms similar to those observed in the diseased plants in the fields investigated. This is the first report of F. cugenangense causing Fusarium wilt in Korean blackberry.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.397-403
• /
• 2023

Wilt symptoms were observed in basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants grown in a vinyl greenhouse located in Gokseong, Korea, during crop disease surveys conducted in August 2022. The symptoms appeared as wilting of the plants and brown to dark brown longitudinal streaks on the stems at or above the soil line. The disease incidence among the plants in the vinyl greenhouse was 5-20%. Six isolates of Fusarium sp. were obtained from stem lesions and identified as Fusarium oxysporum species complex based on their morphological characteristics. Among the isolates, two were used for phylogenetic analysis and pathogenicity test. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolates belonged to F. oxysporum. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed through artificial inoculation test. The symptoms induced by the isolates were similar to those observed in basil plants in the investigated vinyl greenhouse. This is the first report of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt in basil in Korea.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 2014

국내 미곡종합처리장(RPC)에서 벼와 이의 가공산물인 왕겨, 현미, 청치미, 쇄미, 색채미, 백미시료를 2010-2013년 동안 수집하고 미곡에 발생하는 곰팡이와 곰팡이독소 오염을 조사하였다. 전체 곰팡이와 Fusarium 속 곰팡이의 발생은 모든 시료 중 벼에서 가장 높았고, 왕겨가 다음이었으며 도정과정을 따라 감소하였다. 현미, 청치미, 색채미의 발생빈도는 서로 유사하였으며 백미가 가장 낮았다. Fusarium 속 곰팡이 중에서 붉은곰팡이 종복합체의 비율은 2012년에 87%로 가장 높았고, 2011년과 2013년에는 30%대에 머물렀다. Aspergillus 속과 Penicillium 속의 경우 발생빈도는 낮았으나 특정 RPC의 미곡시료에 높은 빈도로 발생하는 유형을 보였고 Alternaria, Nigrospora, Epicoccum 속 곰팡이의 발생유형은 전체 곰팡이의 것과 유사하였다. 미곡 시료의 곰팡이독소 오염여부를 조사하기 위해 2010-2012년 시료를 대상으로 데옥시니발레놀, 니발레놀, 제랄레논과 기타 트라이코쎄신을 분석한 결과, 가공산물 중 색채미의 오염빈도, 검출량, 독소 중복오염비율이 가장 높았고 다음은 청치미였다.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 1988

경기도내(京畿道內) 12개 지역(地域)에서 채집(採集)된 102개 토양(土壤)을 대상으로 하여 토양(土壤)pH, 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量), 농작물(農作物)의 경작(耕作)등 토양(土壤)의 상태에 따라 Fusarium종(種)의 포자발아율(胞子發芽率)을 조사하고 포자발아(胞子發芽)에 대한 유발토양(誘發土壤)과 억제토양(抑制土壤)의 토양미생물(土壤微生物) 분포수(分布數)를 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi는 98개 토양에서 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cucumerium은 95개 토양에서 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani는 82개 토양에서 Fusarium coccophilum, Fusarium coccophilum은 83개 토양에서 각각 50% 미만의 포자발아율(胞子發芽率)를 나타내었다. 2. 토양pH를 4개 군(群)으로 나눈 후 조사하였을 때 Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium은 pH 5.1-6.0의 21개 토양에서 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani는 pH4.1-5.0의 33개 토양에서 포자발아율(胞子發芽率)이 가장 높았다. 3. 토양수분함량을 5개 군(群)으로 나눈 후 조사하였을 때 Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, Fusarium coccophilum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium은 41-60%의 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)을 지닌 4개 토양에서 Fusarium f. sp. raphani는 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量) 21-30%의 22개 토양에서 가장 높은 포자발아율(胞子發芽率)을 나타내었다. 4. 토양(土壤)pH와 포자발아(胞子發芽), 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)과 포자발아(胞子發芽)에 대한 상관관계(相關關係)의 조사에 있어서 토양(土壤)pH와 포자발아율(胞子發芽率)에서는 상관관계(相關關係)가 없었고 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani에서만 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)과 포자발아율(胞子發芽率)사이에 고도의 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)(r=0.29)가 있었다. 5, 농작물(農作物) 경작지(耕作地) 토양(土壤)과 비경작지(非耕作地) 토양(土壤)에서 각Fusarium종(種)의 포자발아(胞子發芽)은 모두 고도의 통계적(統計的)인 유의성(有意性)이 있었으며 두 대조토양 사이에서는 오직 Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi만 통계적(統計的)인 유의성(有意性)이 인정되었다. 6. 포자발아(胞子發芽)에 대한 억제토양(抑制土壤)과 유발토양(誘發土壤)의 미생물분포수(微生物分布數)는 고선란(故線蘭), 세균(細菌), 곰팡이의 순서로 많았으며 억제토양(抑制土壤)이 유발토양(誘發土壤)보다 미생물분포수(微生物分布數)가 훨씬 높았으며 억제토양(抑制土壤)과 유발토양(誘發土壤)에서 미생물(微生物)의 분포수(分布數)는 유발토양(誘發土壤)의 세균분포수(細菌分布數)를 제외하고 모두통계적(統計的)인 유의성(有意性)이 인정되었다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of Fel Ursi Pharmacopunture solution(FUPS) manufactured by using alcohol/water extraction method. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, antibacterial test on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : After treatment FUPS on bacterial species(Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, we investigated anti-bacterial effects of FUPS on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans in terms of measuring MIC and size of inhibition zone respectively. Results : After FUPS was treated, significant changes of MIC on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans were not observed at all. Conclusions : The present study suggests that FUPS doesn't have anti-bacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans which cause Keratitis. Perhap These results recommend that FUPS doesn't have anti-bacterial effects but have other mechanism which suppress inflammation.