• 제목/요약/키워드: Fungi

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Effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi in red pine seedlings

  • Seo, Il-Won;Lee, Jong-Kyu
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.89.1-89
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    • 2003
  • Disease suppression by ectomycorrhizal(ECM) fungi has been demonstrated on red pine seedlings. Culturing of pathogenic fungi on petri plates containing culture filtrates of ECM fungi showed that culture filtrates of the ECM fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum may inhibit the mycelial growth of all tested soil-borne plant pathogenic(SBPP) fungi upto 60%, In order to examine the effects of ECM fungi on SBPP fungi and on red pine seedlings, both symbiotic and pathogenic fungi were inoculated into the soil with red pine seedlings by three inoculation methods; pre-inoculation of SBPP fungi 10 days before inoculation of ECM fungi, simultaneous inoculation of both fungi, post-inoculation of SBPP fungi 60 days after inoculation of ECM fungi. Seedling mortality, seedling growth, and ectomycorrhizal formation by the combined treatments were examined and compared. Pine seedlings were dead by the pre-inoculation of pathogenic fungi, except Rhizina undulate which required 9-12 days, within 6 days after inoculation. Among pathogenic fungi tested, Fusarium oxysporum was the most pathogenic with the mortality of 44%. However, no dead seedlings were shown by simultaneous inoculation of both fungi or pre-inoculation of ECM fungi. In addition, pine seedlings treated by simultaneous or post-inoculation of SBPP fungi were relatively higher than those treated by pre-inoculation in diameter at root crown and the number of ectomycorrhizal roots. There were no significant differences among inoculation methods in root length and dry weight of treated seedlings. It means that ECM fungi somehow play a role in protecting primary roots of red pine seedlings against invasion by the SBPP fungi.

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대둔산 도립공원의 균류다양성과 균류자원 (Biodiversities and Fungal Resources of Mt.Daedun Provincial Park)

  • Cho, Duck-Hyun;Kim, Jong-Moon
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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    • pp.119-120
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    • 2003
  • Many fungi were collected at Mt. Daedun Provincial Park between the periods from March 2001 to October 2002 and they were identified. According to the results, the fungi diversity included 2 division, 3 subdivisions, 5 classes, 4 subclasses, 12 orders, 35 families, 75 genera and 153 species. Among them Ileodictyon is unrecorded genus and Ileodictyon gracile, Mycena flosum-nivium and Tricholoma lascivum are newly to Korea. Dominant family are Tricholomataceae, Russulaceae and Polyporaceae;genus Amanita and species Collybia confluens and Russula emetica In useful fungi and ecological resources, edible fungi included 51 species; culture fungi 10; poisonous fungi 18: medicinal fungi 17: anticancer fungi 22: ectomycorrhizal fungi 26 and wood rotting fungi 51, In geographical distributions of Chonbuk areas, same species are 50 spcies of Jeongup ; 56 of Mt.Manduck : 84 of Mt.Jiri : 28 of Pyonsan national park : 59 of Cheonju arboretum and 51 of Mt,Sunun.

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Populations of Fungi and Bacteria Associated with Samples of Stored Rice in Korea

  • Oh, Ji-Yeon;Jee, Sam-Nyu;Nam, Young-Woo;Lee, Ho-Joung;Ryoo, Mun-Il;Kim, Ki-Deok
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.36-38
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    • 2007
  • Stored rice was collected from rice processing complexes of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation of 11 regions in Korea to evaluate the occurrence of fungi and bacteria and to identify the predominant fungi and bacteria to the genus levels. Most rice samples generally produced the higher levels of fungi and bacteria than white rice. The occurrence of fungi and bacteria varied in various locations of Korea. Among fungi observed, Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were dominant in the samples and Aspergillus spp. were observed more frequently than Penicillium spp. Predominant bacteria from rice and white rice samples tentatively belonged to the Genus Bacillus, Pectobacterium, Pantoea, and Microbacterium according to BIOLOG and FAME analyses. The results of this study showed that rice in Korea was contaminated in a relatively high level by two dominant storage fungi such as Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. In addition, occurrence of mycotoxins in rice by the fungi could be possible and thus it is necessary to control the storage fungi.

Observation of Soft-Rot Wood Degradation Caused by Higher Ascomyceteous fungi

  • Lee, Yang-Soo
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.47-50
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    • 2000
  • The capability of higher ascomyceteous fungi to cause typical soft-rot decay for wood under laboratory conditions is reviewed and discussed. Fungi tested were extremely active in the decomposition of timbers. Scanning electron micrographs illustrated typical soft-rot decay pattern of higher wood decay ascomycetes, with the exception of H. trugodes that caused white-rot decay. Most of the fungi tested could be grouped as soft-rot fungi that showed typical soft-rot type II. Hypha confined primarily to the resin canals in softwoods or vessel elements in hardwoods and spread tracheid to tracheid via pits of cell wall to cell wall with mechanical force.

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First Reports of Unrecorded Mortierellomycetes and Umbelopsidomycetes Fungi from Freshwater Ecosystems in Korea

  • Jaeduk Goh;Yoosun Oh;Hye Yeon Mun
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제51권3호
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    • pp.155-165
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    • 2023
  • In this study, we isolated several fungal strains from filtered water and sediment collected from rivers and streams. The strains were identified by molecular phylogenetic analyses of rDNA sequences (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], large subunit of ribosomal DNA [LSU]). The morphological characteristics of the fungi were investigated using microscopy, and the culture characteristics of fungi grown on several media were examined. We identified four species previously unknown in South Korea, namely, Dissophora globulifera, Linnemannia exigua, Mortierella rishikesha and Umbelopsis autotrophica.

Study on Selective Media for Isolation of Entomopathogenic Fungi

  • Shin, Tae-Young;Choi, Jae-Bang;Bae, Sung-Min;Koo, Hyun-Na;Woo, Soo-Dong
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2010
  • To determine the optimal isolation conditions of the entomopathogenic fungi from soil, we compared their growth characteristics with non-entomopathogenic fungi on agar media containing various concentrations of cooper (II) chloride ($CuCl_2$) or dodine. The result showed that dodine medium is more selective, and the optimal concentration of dodine is determined with $50{\mu}g$/ml. We could isolate several putative entomopathogenic fungi from soil using this, and identify them using ITS analysis. As a result, 64% fungi were identified as typical entomopathogenic fungi. This selective medium may be useful to the rapid and simple isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soil.

Prevalence and Transmission of Seed-Borne Fungi of Maize Grown in a Farm of Korea

  • Basak, A.B.;Lee, Min-Woong
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.47-50
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    • 2002
  • Seed-borne fungi of some maize cultivars/lines grown during the months from May to September of 2001, collected from Dongguk University farm, Go Young City, IL Sang Gu, Korea were detected by blotter method. In all six fungi namely Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Ustilago zeae Unger. were found to associated with maize seeds. Prevalence of seed-borne fungi also varied. The highest percentages of seed-borne fungi were recorded with Fusarium moniliforme and the lowest in Penicillium sp. Transmission of all seed-borne pathogens from seeds to seedlings were also detected by test tube seedling symptom test. Among the seed-borne fungi, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium sp. produced distinct seed rot and seedling infection symptoms. All the transmitted seed-borne fungi might be caused primary source of infection to the maize crop.

흰목이버섯 및 공생균이 분비하는 Xylanase 효소적 특성 (Enzymatic Characteristics for Xylanase Activity of Tremella fuciformis and its Symbiotic Fungi)

  • 장현유;김광포;홍인표;김한경;정종천;성재모
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제25권4호통권83호
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    • pp.297-304
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    • 1997
  • 흰목이균, 공생균, 혼합균(흰목이균과 공생균)의 xylanase 생산 최적 탄소원은 xylose이었고 흰목이균, 공생균의 질소원은 $KNO_3$, 혼합균의 질소원은 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$이었다. Xylanase 생산 최적 배양일수는 흰목이균과 혼합균은 5일, 공생균은 6일이었으며 최적온도는 흰목이균과 공생균이 $40^{\circ}C$, 혼합균이 $45^{\circ}C$이었다. Xylanase 생산 최적 pH는 흰목이균과 공생균이 pH 6.0, 혼합균이 pH 7.0이었으며, 금속이온의 영향은 흰목이균에서는 $Hg^{2+}$, 혼합균에서는 $Pb^{2+}$를 제외하고는 금속이온이 저해적으로 나타났다. 흰목이균, 공생균, 혼합균의 xylanase 열안전성은 $50^{\circ}C$까지 80% 이상 안정하였으며, 기질(Birchwood) 특이성에 관해서는 Birchwood로부터의 xylan이 가장 활성이 높았다. 흰목이균, 공생균, 혼합균의 xylanase 기질농도는 20mg/ml, 반응시간은 45분까지 활성이 급속히 상승하다가 그후 매우 완만한 반응속도를 나타내므로서 이를 기초로 하여 Km값을 얻은 결과, 흰목이균은 $6.25{\times}10^{-5}\;M$, 혼합균은 $5.2{\times}10^{-2}\;M$, 공생균은 $5.6{\times}10^{-2}\;M$로 흰목이균, 혼합균, 공생균 순으로 효소 기질과의 친화력이 약하였다.

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서울시 일부 지역의 대기 중 부유 진균의 분포 특성 (Distribution Characteristics of Airborne Fungi in a Partial Area of Seoul City)

  • 김기연;김대근
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.407-414
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: This study was performed to assess based on field investigation the distribution characteristics of airborne fungi in an area of Seongdong-gu, Seoul. Methods: Three sites, a living area, forest and traffic site, were selected for evaluation of monthly level of outdoor airborne fungi. An on-site survey was executed between January 2009 and December 2009. During the experimental period, air sampling was performed every month in the afternoon (2:00 pm-5:00 pm) using a cascade impactor. Results: Outdoor airborne fungi measured in Seoul, Korea over one year showed a concentration range from 850CFU $m^{-3}$ to 15,200CFU $m^{-3}$. The mean respirable fraction of outdoor airborne fungi was 67% compared to total concentration. Regardless of measurement site, there was no significant concentration difference in outdoor airborne fungi between periods of yellow dust and non-yellow dust (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation relationship between outdoor airborne fungi and atmospheric factors such as temperature and relative humidity. The predominant genera of airborne fungi identified were Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces and Penicillium. Conclusion: Monthly levels of outdoor airborne fungi were highest in April and November and lowest in August. In seasonal concentration distribution, the autumn showed the highest level of outdoor airborne fungi, followed by spring, summer and winter. In regional concentration distribution, the highest level of outdoor airborne fungi was generally found in the forest, followed by the living area and traffic site.

Restriction Analyses of PCR Amplified Partial SSU Ribosomal DNA to Distinguish Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Other Fungi Colonizing Plant Roots

  • Lee, Jae-Koo;Tae, Moon-Sung;Eom, Ahn-Heum;Lee, Sang-Sun
    • Mycobiology
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.68-73
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    • 2003
  • Roots of Glycine max and Miscanthus sinensis and soil samples were collected from various field sites at Goesan, Chungbuk in Korea. Microscopic observations of the roots indicated high colonization rates of both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and other fungi. The partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes were amplified with the genomic DNA extracted from their roots by nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with universal primer NS1 and fungal specific primers AML Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) was analyzed using the combinations of three restriction enzymes, HinfI, AluI and AsuC21. Nucleotides sequence analysis revealed that ten sequences from Miscanthus sinensis and one sequence from Glycine max were close to those of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Also, 33% of total clones amplified with NS31-AM1 primers from M. sinensis and 97% from G. max were close to Fusarium oxysporum or other pathogenic fungi, and they were successfully distinguished from AME Results suggested that these techniques could help to distinguish arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from root pathogenic fungi in the plant roots. Especially, DNA amplified by these primers showed distinct polymorphisms between AMF and plant pathogenic species of Fusarium when digested with AsuC21.